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YAPAY ZEKÂ HABERCİLİĞİ VE GAZETECİLİK TARTIŞMALARINA DAİR BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 913 - 926, 07.09.2022

Öz

Teknolojik gelişmeler hangi dönemde ve düzeyde olursa olsun sosyo-ekonomik sonuçlar doğurmuştur. Yaşamakta olduğumuz çağ açısından da dijitalleşme hayatımızı değiştiren önemi yadsınamaz bir gerçektir. Toplumun ve finans kaynaklarının tartışmasız bir parçası olan gazetecilik de bu gelişmelerden payına düşeni almaktadır. Artık bir haberi kimin yaptığına değil, ‘neyin’ yapmış olabileceğine de bakılmaktadır. Çünkü dijital teknoloji yapay zekayı üretmiştir ve gazetecilik alanında da sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Dahası yapay zekâ haberciliği gazetecinin yerine geçme iddiasına sahiptir. Bu gelişmeler gazetecilik mesleği ve haber üretimi açısından yeni tartışmalar ortaya koymaktadır. Bu tartışmalar oldukça geniş bir çerçeveye sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekâ haberciliği ve gazetecilik arasında gelişmekte olan etkileşimin ne gibi konuları gündeme getirdiğine dair bir portre çizmektir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, yapay zekâ haberciliğine yönelik gelişmeler gazetecilik, haber ve içerik üretimi çerçevesinde değerlendirilecektir. Ayrıca gazetecilik mesleği açısından yapay zekâ haberciliğinin doğurduğu tartışmalar ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, C. (2018, Mayıs 23). New York Times: Using AI to Host Better Conversations. https://blog.google: https://blog.google/technology/ai/new-york-times-using-ai-host-better-conversations/ adresinden alındı
  • Allen, N. D., Templon, J. R., McNally, P. S., Birnbaum, L., & Hammond, K. (2010). StatsMonkey: A Data-Driven Sports Narrative Writer. Computational Models of Narrative: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium. Evanston: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org).
  • Bauman, Z. (2011). Postmodern Etik. (A. Türker, Dü.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bayrakçı, S., & Albayrak, M. A. (2018). Büyük Verinin Akademik Çalışmalarda Kullanımı Üzerine Mukayeseli Bir Veri Tabanı Araştırması1. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 73-94.
  • Brown, M. (2018, Nisan 4). INNOVATION HOW A.I. PROJECTS ARE FIGHTING FAKE NEWS IN THE AGE OF FACEBOOK. https://www.inverse.com: https://www.inverse.com/article/43250-ai-projects-fighting-fake-news adresinden alındı
  • Castro, D., & New, J. (2016, Ekim 10). https://datainnovation.org/2016/10/the-promise-of-artificial-intelligence/. https://datainnovation.org/: https://datainnovation.org/2016/10/the-promise-of-artificial-intelligence/ adresinden alındı
  • Caswell, D., & Dörr , K. (2017). Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-Driven Narratives. Journalism Practice, 477-496.
  • Clerwall, C. (2014, Şubat 28). Enter the robot journalist: users’ perceptions of automated content. http://www.diva-portal.org: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.883116 adresinden alındı
  • Cohen, S., Hamilton , J. T., & Turner, F. (2011). Computational Journalism. Communications of the ACM , 66-71.
  • Copeland, B. J. (2004). Alan Turing 1912–1954 . B. J. Copeland içinde, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus The Secrets of Enigma (s. 1-4). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Crevier, D. (1993). AI THE TUMULTUOUS HISTORY OF THE SEARCH FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. New York: Basic Books.
  • DeGeurin, M. (2018, Nisan 4). A Startup Media Site Says AI Can Take Bias Out of News. https://www.vice.com: https://www.vice.com/en/article/zmgza5/knowhere-ai-news-site-profile adresinden alındı
  • de-Lima-Santos, M.-F., & Ceron, W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in News Media: Current Perceptions and Future Outlook. Journalism and Media, 13-26.
  • Fromm, E. (1990). Sağlıklı Toplum. İstanbul: Payel Yayınevi.
  • Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to Automated Journalism. Columbia : Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia Journalism School.
  • https://cbddo.gov.tr. (2022, Şubat 16). https://cbddo.gov.tr: https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/news/6133/turkiye-nin-ilk-yapay-zeka-stratejisi-nin-lansmani-gerceklesti adresinden alındı
  • https://wordsmith.org. (2022, Şubat 16). https://wordsmith.org: https://wordsmith.org/awad/about.html adresinden alındı
  • https://www.perspectiveapi.com. (2022, Şubat 14). https://www.perspectiveapi.com: https://www.perspectiveapi.com/case-studies/ adresinden alındı
  • Illiadis, A., & Russo, F. (2020). Eleştirel Veri Çalışmaları (EVÇ): Giriş. F. Aydoğan içinde, Yeni Medya Kuramları II (s. 1-14). İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • İnce, G. (2017). İnsanlığın Yapay Zekâyla İmtihanı. İTÜ Vakfı Dergisi, 14-18.
  • Kim, H. (2019). AI in Journalism: Creating an Ethical Framework. New York, ABD: Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects.
  • Kobie, N. (2018, Mart 10). Reuters is taking a big gamble on AI-supported journalism.
  • https://www.wired.co.uk: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/reuters-artificial-intelligence-journalism-newsroom-ai-lynx-insight adresinden alındı
  • Levy, S. (2012, Nisan 24). Can an Algorithm Write a Better News Story Than a Human Reporter? https://www.wired.com: https://www.wired.com/2012/04/can-an-algorithm-write-a-better-news-story-than-a-human-reporter/ adresinden alındı
  • Marr, B. (2017, Temmuz 18). Another Example Of How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform News And Journalism. https://www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/07/18/how-a-uk-press-agency-will-use-artificial-intelligence-to-write-thousands-of-news-stories-every-week/?sh=6089e28574db adresinden alındı
  • Mcluhan, M. (2005). Yaradanımz Medya . İstanbul: Merkez Kitaplar.
  • Miroshnichenko, A. (2018). AI to Bypass Creativity. Will Robots Replace Journalists? (The Answer Is “Yes”). Information 9/7 , 183.
  • Morozov, E. (2011). The Net Delusıon The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Morozov, E. (2014, Temmuz 20). The rise of data and the death of politics.
  • https://www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/20/rise-of-data-death-of-politics-evgeny-morozov-algorithmic-regulation adresinden alındı
  • Moschovakis, Y. N. (2001). What Is an Algorithm? B. Engquist, & W. Schmid içinde, Mathematics Unlimited — 2001 and Beyond (s. 919-936). Berlin: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Newman, N. (2021, Ocak 7). Journalism, media, and technology trends and predictions 2021. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/journalism-media-and-technology-trends-and-predictions-2021 adresinden alındı
  • Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Seager, S. (2017, Temmuz 14). No, It’s Not Fake News, It’s Robot-Written News. https://www.thewrap.com: https://www.thewrap.com/no-its-not-fake-news-its-robot-written-news/ adresinden alındı
  • StatSheet Changes Name to Automated Insights, Scores $4 Million. (2011, Eylül 12). https://techcrunch.com: https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/12/statsheet-changes-name-to-automated-insights-lands-4-million/#:~:text=StatSheet%20Changes%20Name%20To%20Automated%20Insights%2C%20Scores%20%244%20Million,-%2F%20Invalid%20DateTime%E2%80%A2&text=Exclusive%20%E2%80%93%20Sta adresinden alındı
  • Stray, J. (2019). Making Artificial Intelligence Work for Investigative Journalism. Digital Journalism , 1-22.
  • Szeliski, R. (2011). Computer Vision Algorithms and Applications. Washington USA: Springer.
  • Traldi, L. (2018, Eylül 28). Evgeny Morozov: «Big Data should be common good. And here is why». https://www.designatlarge: https://www.designatlarge.it/evgeny-morozov-big-data-ai-interview/?lang=en adresinden alındı
  • Turing, A. (2004). Intelligent Machienry. J. Copeland içinde, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus The Secrets of Enigma (s. 395-432). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ulanoff, L. (2014, Temmuz 1). Need to Write 5 Million Stories a Week? Robot Reporters to the Rescue. https://mashable.com: https://mashable.com/archive/robot-reporters-add-data-to-the-five-ws#Hmwz.0hssgqi adresinden alındı
  • Verger, R. (2018, Ekim 5). This AI can help spot biased websites and false news. https://www.popsci.com: https://www.popsci.com/AI-fake-news/ adresinden alındı
  • Whittaker, J. (2019). Tech Giants, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of Journalism. New York: Routledge.

AN EVALUATİON OF ARTİFİCİAL INTELLİGENCE JOURNALİSM AND JOURNALİSM DİSCUSSİONS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4, 913 - 926, 07.09.2022

Öz

Technological developments have produced socio-economic consequences in any period and at any level. In terms of the age we live in, the importance of digitalization that changes our lives is an undeniable fact. Journalism, which is an indisputable part of society and financial resources, also takes its share from these developments. It is no longer looked at who did the news, but what might have done it. Because digital technology has produced artificial intelligence and it is frequently encountered in the field of journalism. Moreover, artificial intelligence journalism claims to replace the journalist. These developments reveal new debates in terms of journalism profession and news production. These discussions have a very broad framework. The aim of the study is to draw a portrait of what kind of issues the developing interaction between artificial intelligence journalism and journalism raises. For this reason, developments in artificial intelligence journalism will be evaluated within the framework of journalism, news and content production in this study. In addition, the debates caused by artificial intelligence journalism in terms of journalism will be discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, C. (2018, Mayıs 23). New York Times: Using AI to Host Better Conversations. https://blog.google: https://blog.google/technology/ai/new-york-times-using-ai-host-better-conversations/ adresinden alındı
  • Allen, N. D., Templon, J. R., McNally, P. S., Birnbaum, L., & Hammond, K. (2010). StatsMonkey: A Data-Driven Sports Narrative Writer. Computational Models of Narrative: Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium. Evanston: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org).
  • Bauman, Z. (2011). Postmodern Etik. (A. Türker, Dü.) İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Bayrakçı, S., & Albayrak, M. A. (2018). Büyük Verinin Akademik Çalışmalarda Kullanımı Üzerine Mukayeseli Bir Veri Tabanı Araştırması1. AJIT-e: Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 73-94.
  • Brown, M. (2018, Nisan 4). INNOVATION HOW A.I. PROJECTS ARE FIGHTING FAKE NEWS IN THE AGE OF FACEBOOK. https://www.inverse.com: https://www.inverse.com/article/43250-ai-projects-fighting-fake-news adresinden alındı
  • Castro, D., & New, J. (2016, Ekim 10). https://datainnovation.org/2016/10/the-promise-of-artificial-intelligence/. https://datainnovation.org/: https://datainnovation.org/2016/10/the-promise-of-artificial-intelligence/ adresinden alındı
  • Caswell, D., & Dörr , K. (2017). Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-Driven Narratives. Journalism Practice, 477-496.
  • Clerwall, C. (2014, Şubat 28). Enter the robot journalist: users’ perceptions of automated content. http://www.diva-portal.org: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.883116 adresinden alındı
  • Cohen, S., Hamilton , J. T., & Turner, F. (2011). Computational Journalism. Communications of the ACM , 66-71.
  • Copeland, B. J. (2004). Alan Turing 1912–1954 . B. J. Copeland içinde, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus The Secrets of Enigma (s. 1-4). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Crevier, D. (1993). AI THE TUMULTUOUS HISTORY OF THE SEARCH FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. New York: Basic Books.
  • DeGeurin, M. (2018, Nisan 4). A Startup Media Site Says AI Can Take Bias Out of News. https://www.vice.com: https://www.vice.com/en/article/zmgza5/knowhere-ai-news-site-profile adresinden alındı
  • de-Lima-Santos, M.-F., & Ceron, W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence in News Media: Current Perceptions and Future Outlook. Journalism and Media, 13-26.
  • Fromm, E. (1990). Sağlıklı Toplum. İstanbul: Payel Yayınevi.
  • Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to Automated Journalism. Columbia : Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia Journalism School.
  • https://cbddo.gov.tr. (2022, Şubat 16). https://cbddo.gov.tr: https://cbddo.gov.tr/en/news/6133/turkiye-nin-ilk-yapay-zeka-stratejisi-nin-lansmani-gerceklesti adresinden alındı
  • https://wordsmith.org. (2022, Şubat 16). https://wordsmith.org: https://wordsmith.org/awad/about.html adresinden alındı
  • https://www.perspectiveapi.com. (2022, Şubat 14). https://www.perspectiveapi.com: https://www.perspectiveapi.com/case-studies/ adresinden alındı
  • Illiadis, A., & Russo, F. (2020). Eleştirel Veri Çalışmaları (EVÇ): Giriş. F. Aydoğan içinde, Yeni Medya Kuramları II (s. 1-14). İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
  • İnce, G. (2017). İnsanlığın Yapay Zekâyla İmtihanı. İTÜ Vakfı Dergisi, 14-18.
  • Kim, H. (2019). AI in Journalism: Creating an Ethical Framework. New York, ABD: Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects.
  • Kobie, N. (2018, Mart 10). Reuters is taking a big gamble on AI-supported journalism.
  • https://www.wired.co.uk: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/reuters-artificial-intelligence-journalism-newsroom-ai-lynx-insight adresinden alındı
  • Levy, S. (2012, Nisan 24). Can an Algorithm Write a Better News Story Than a Human Reporter? https://www.wired.com: https://www.wired.com/2012/04/can-an-algorithm-write-a-better-news-story-than-a-human-reporter/ adresinden alındı
  • Marr, B. (2017, Temmuz 18). Another Example Of How Artificial Intelligence Will Transform News And Journalism. https://www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2017/07/18/how-a-uk-press-agency-will-use-artificial-intelligence-to-write-thousands-of-news-stories-every-week/?sh=6089e28574db adresinden alındı
  • Mcluhan, M. (2005). Yaradanımz Medya . İstanbul: Merkez Kitaplar.
  • Miroshnichenko, A. (2018). AI to Bypass Creativity. Will Robots Replace Journalists? (The Answer Is “Yes”). Information 9/7 , 183.
  • Morozov, E. (2011). The Net Delusıon The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. New York: PublicAffairs.
  • Morozov, E. (2014, Temmuz 20). The rise of data and the death of politics.
  • https://www.theguardian.com: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/20/rise-of-data-death-of-politics-evgeny-morozov-algorithmic-regulation adresinden alındı
  • Moschovakis, Y. N. (2001). What Is an Algorithm? B. Engquist, & W. Schmid içinde, Mathematics Unlimited — 2001 and Beyond (s. 919-936). Berlin: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  • Newman, N. (2021, Ocak 7). Journalism, media, and technology trends and predictions 2021. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/journalism-media-and-technology-trends-and-predictions-2021 adresinden alındı
  • Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (1995). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.
  • Seager, S. (2017, Temmuz 14). No, It’s Not Fake News, It’s Robot-Written News. https://www.thewrap.com: https://www.thewrap.com/no-its-not-fake-news-its-robot-written-news/ adresinden alındı
  • StatSheet Changes Name to Automated Insights, Scores $4 Million. (2011, Eylül 12). https://techcrunch.com: https://techcrunch.com/2011/09/12/statsheet-changes-name-to-automated-insights-lands-4-million/#:~:text=StatSheet%20Changes%20Name%20To%20Automated%20Insights%2C%20Scores%20%244%20Million,-%2F%20Invalid%20DateTime%E2%80%A2&text=Exclusive%20%E2%80%93%20Sta adresinden alındı
  • Stray, J. (2019). Making Artificial Intelligence Work for Investigative Journalism. Digital Journalism , 1-22.
  • Szeliski, R. (2011). Computer Vision Algorithms and Applications. Washington USA: Springer.
  • Traldi, L. (2018, Eylül 28). Evgeny Morozov: «Big Data should be common good. And here is why». https://www.designatlarge: https://www.designatlarge.it/evgeny-morozov-big-data-ai-interview/?lang=en adresinden alındı
  • Turing, A. (2004). Intelligent Machienry. J. Copeland içinde, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life: Plus The Secrets of Enigma (s. 395-432). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Ulanoff, L. (2014, Temmuz 1). Need to Write 5 Million Stories a Week? Robot Reporters to the Rescue. https://mashable.com: https://mashable.com/archive/robot-reporters-add-data-to-the-five-ws#Hmwz.0hssgqi adresinden alındı
  • Verger, R. (2018, Ekim 5). This AI can help spot biased websites and false news. https://www.popsci.com: https://www.popsci.com/AI-fake-news/ adresinden alındı
  • Whittaker, J. (2019). Tech Giants, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of Journalism. New York: Routledge.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Aysel Ay 0000-0003-2816-1634

Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2022
Kabul Tarihi 15 Ağustos 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Ay, A. (2022). YAPAY ZEKÂ HABERCİLİĞİ VE GAZETECİLİK TARTIŞMALARINA DAİR BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Turkish Online Journal of Design Art and Communication, 12(4), 913-926.


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