THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF RESILIENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BURNOUT LEVELS AND THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF THE TURKISH OLYMPIC PREPARATION CENTER (TOHM) ATHLETES

Öz

Burnout is a negative result of stress and attracts attention in research in the field of sports sciences. There is a strong need for research on prevalence rates of psychological disorders in athletes and on affected athletes. It is important to identify the reasons that increase the risk of depression and burnout in athletes and to reveal the psychological variables related to the determination of protective factors and coping strategies. The aim of our study is to determine the burnout, psychological well-being and endurance levels of athletes according to various variables and to examine the mediating effect of endurance in the relationship between burnout levels and psychological well-being. A total of 378 athletes, 106 women and 272 men, participated in the research in different branches in the Turkish Olympic Preparation Centers. Maslach Burnout Scale Student Form, Brief Psychological Resilience Scale and Psychological (Mental) Well-Being Scale were used. Descriptive statistics were used for the participants' gender and sports age variables. Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlations between the scale and sub-variables, and t-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the differences between gender and sports age in the variables. Bonferroni test was applied for the source of the difference. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether resilience mediates the relationship between burnout and psychological well-being. The results of the study showed that burnout significantly predicted resilience and psychological well-being, and psychological well-being significantly predicted resilience with an explanatory power of 16%. This means that a higher level of resilience is associated with greater psychological well-being and a lower sense of burnout. As a result, it proposes a new perspective on endurance competence to improve the mental health of athletes. Applying the concepts of resilience and psychological well-being to sports can prevent or reduce the burnout of athletes, develop a coping mechanism against stressful situations they may encounter, and protect their mental health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Burnout
• psychological well-being
• resilience
• sports sciences

TÜRKİYE OLİMPİYAT HAZIRLIK MERKEZİ (TOHM) SPORCULARININ TÜKENMİŞLİK DÜZEYLERİ İLE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE DAYANIKLILIĞIN ARACILIK ETKİSİ

Öz

Tükenmişlik, stresin olumsuz bir sonucudur ve spor bilimleri alanındaki araştırmalarda dikkat çekmektedir. Sporcularda psikolojik bozuklukların yaygınlık oranları ve etkilenen sporcular üzerine yapılan araştırmalara güçlü ihtiyaç vardır. Sporcularda depresyon ve tükenmişlik riskini artıran nedenleri tespit etmek ve koruyucu etmenlerin ve başa çıkma stratejilerinin tespitine ait psikolojik değişkenleri ortaya çıkarmak önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı sporcularda tükenmişlik, psikolojik iyi oluş ve dayanıklılık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre belirlenmesi ve tükenmişlik düzeyleri ile psikolojik iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkide dayanıklılığın aracılık etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya Türkiye Olimpiyat Hazırlık Merkezlerinde yer alan farklı branşlarda 106 kadın ve 272 erkek olmak üzere toplam 378 sporcu katılmıştır. Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği Öğrenci Formu, Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği ve Psikolojik (Mental) İyi Oluş Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların cinsiyet ve spor yaşı değişkenleri için tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılmıştır. Ölçek ve alt değişkenler arasındaki korelasyonları belirlemek için korelasyon analizi, değişkenlerdeki cinsiyet ve spor yaşı arasındaki farklılıkları analiz etmek için t-testi ve varyans analizi yapılmıştır. Farklılığın kaynağına yönelik Bonferroni testi uygulanmıştır. Dayanıklılığın, tükenmişlik ve psikolojik iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkiye aracılık edip etmediğini belirlemek için çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları, tükenmişliğin dayanıklılığı ve psikolojik iyi oluşu anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığı ve psikolojik iyi oluşun dayanıklılığı %16’lık bir açıklamaya gücüyle anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığını göstermiştir. Bu da yüksek dayanıklılık düzeyinin daha fazla psikolojik iyi oluş ve daha düşük tükenmişlik hissi ile ilişkilidir. Sonuç olarak sporcuların zihinsel sağlıklarını iyileştirmek için dayanıklılık yeterliliğine ilişkin yeni bir bakış açısı önermektedir. Dayanıklılık ve psikolojik iyi oluş kavramlarının spora uygulanması, sporcuların tükenmişliklerini önleyebilir ya da azaltabilir, karşılaşabilecekleri stresli durumlara karşı bir başa çıkma mekanizması geliştirebilir ve ruh sağlıklarını koruyabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tükenmişlik
• psikolojik iyi oluş
• dayanıklılık
• spor bilimleri

Kaynakça

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