Araştırma Makalesi
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Spiritual Assessment Methods and Tools in Social Work

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 45 - 61, 01.12.2021

Öz

: In recent years, the importance of incorporating spirituality into social work science and social work practice has begun to be understood. In this respect, it would be a correct approach to evaluate the individual with a holistic perspective in social work, and to consider his spiritual dimension as well. The main purpose of this research is that there is not sufficient information and resources about spiritual assessment methods and practices in social work science in our country, and that there is not sufficient information about spiritual assessment methods, which have an important role in the holistic assessment of the individual in the national literature.The problem of the research is to examine which assessment methods are used in spiritual assessment in social work in the world and to reveal the most widely used spiritual assessment methods and tools in social work interventions and practices. It is important to examine the examples of social work practices that come to the fore in the world due to the inadequacy of practices for spiritual needs in the field of social work in Turkey. Therefore, the study will fill an important gap in the field of social work and contribute to the literature. Purpose of the research is the examination of spiritual assessment methods to be used in social work interventions. In the study, the fact that spiritual assessment method and tool suggestions were brought by scanning the international literature reveals the originality of the research. Case study, one of the qualitative research methods was used in the research and it was carried out using document analysis, one of the qualitative data collection tools. In this context, the international literature on spiritual evaluation practices was reviewed. According to the findings, the most used spiritual assessment methods in the world were found as; explicit/short assessment, implicit assessment, comprehensive assessment and indirect assessment. In addition, Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale, Spiritual Care-Competence Scale, Spiritual Care-Giving Scale, Patients’ Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale, Spiritual Care Perceptions and Practices Scale were found as international published scales adapted into Turkish. National scales used in spiritual assessment were found as Spiritual Support Perception Scale, Spiritual Orientation Scale, Spiritual Care Needs Scale, SHUMDR Scale and Spirituality Scales. 

Kaynakça

  • Anandarajah, G. & Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 63(1): 81– 88.
  • Apak, H. (2018). Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamasında Din ve Maneviyatın Rolü (SHUDMR) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3): 1889-1903.
  • Baldwin, C. (1991). Life’s companion: Journal writing as a spiritual quest. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Bedri, M. B. (2012). Düşünme, gözlemden tanıklığa (M. Çiftkaya, Çev.). İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık.
  • Bishop, D. R. (1992). Religious values as cross-cultural issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 36: 179–191.
  • Bulkeley, K. (2009). Seeking patterns in dream content: A systematic approach to word searches. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(4): 905–916.
  • Bullis, R. K. (1996). Spirituality in Social Work Practice. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis.
  • Canda, E. R. (1988). Spirituality, religious diversity, and social work practice. Social Case-work, 69(4): 238-247.
  • Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (2010). Spiritual Diversity in Social Work Practice (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cashwell, C. S. & Young, J. S. (2011). Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: a guide to competent practice (2nd ed.). American Counseling Association.
  • Chan, M. F., et al. (2006). Investigating spiritual care perceptions and practice patterns in Hong Kong nurses: Results of a cluster analysis. Nurse Education Today, 26: 139–150.
  • Cook, C. C. H. (2004). Addiction and Spirituality. Addiction, 99(5): 539-551.
  • Çoban, G. İ., Şirin, M. & Yurttaş, A. (2017). Reliability and validity of the spiritual care-giving scale in a Turkish Population. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(1): 63-73.
  • Dağcı, A. (2018, Kasım). ‘Türkiye’de Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Manevi Bakım Araştırmaları: Sistematik Bir Analiz.’. 2. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu. Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
  • Dağhan, S., Kalkım, A. & Midilli, T. S. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish form of the spiritual care competence scale. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1):14-27.
  • Dedeli, O., Yıldız, E. & Yuksel, S. (2015). Assessing the spiritual needs and practices of oncology patients in Turkey. Holistic Nursing Practice, 29(2): 103-113.
  • Denney, R. M., Aten, J. D. & Gingrich, F. C. (2008). Using spiritual self-disclosure in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 36(4), 294-302.
  • Eck, B. E. (2002). An Exploration of the Therapeutic Use of Spiritual Disciplines in Clinical Practice. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 21(3): 266-280.
  • Eigen, M. (2001). Mysticism And Psychoanalysis. The Psychoanalytic Review, 88(3): 455-481.
  • Elkins, D. N., et al. (1988). Toward a Humanistic-Phenomenological Spirituality: Definition, Description, and Measurement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28(5): 5-18.
  • Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness a choice. Washington, DC: APA LifeTools, American Psychological Association.
  • Ergül, Ş. ve Bayık, A. (2007). “Maneviyat ve Manevi Bakım Dereceleme Ölçeği” nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 23(1): 75-87.
  • Faiver, C., et al. (2001). Explorations in Counseling And Spirituality: Philosophical, Practical, and Personal Reflections. Belmont CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
  • Frame, M. W. (2003). Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/ Cole.
  • Fukuyama, M. A. & Sevig, T. D. (1997). Spiritual issues in counseling: A new course. Counselor Education and Supervision, 36, 233–244.
  • Galek, K., et al. (2005). Assessing a patient’s spiritual needs. Holist Nurs Pract, 19(2): 62-69.
  • Gilbert, P. (2006). Breathing Out-Breathing In, Reaching the Spirit: Social Perspectives Network. London: SPN StudyDaypaper nine.
  • Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadephia.
  • Griffith, J. L. & Griffith, M. E. (2002). Encountering the Sacred in Psychotherapy: How to Talk with People about Their Spiritual Lives. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hagedorn, W. B. & Hartwig Moorhead, H. J. (2011). Counselor Self-Awareness: Exploring Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values. In C. S. Cashwell & J. S. Young (Eds.), Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice, (2nd Ed.), American Counseling Association, 71-95.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2001). Spiritual Assessment: A Review of Major Qualitative Methods and A New Framework for Assessing Spirituality. Social Work, 46(3): 203-214.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2002). Working with Muslim youths: Understanding the values and beliefs of Islamic discourse. Children & Schools, 24(1): 6–20.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2004). Why Conduct a Spiritual Assessment? A Theoretical Foundation for Assessment. Advances In Social Work, 5(2): 183-196.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2015). Spiritual Assessment in Social Work and Mental Health Practice. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press (e-book).
  • Juhnke, G. A. (1995). Mental health counseling assessment: Broadening one’s understanding of the client and the client presenting concerns, 1-6. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED388883).
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2015). Manevî yönelim ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3): 51-68.
  • Kavas, E. & Kavas, N. (2014). Manevi Destek Algısı (MDA) Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Turkish Studies – International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 9(2): 905-915.
  • Keutzer, C. S. (1984). Transpersonal psychotherapy: Reflections on the genre. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15(6): 868-883.
  • Kılınçer, H. (2017). Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik (MDR) Üzerine: Psikoloji, İlahiyat ve Tıp Alanlarında Maneviyat ve MDR Algısı. A. Ayten (Ed.), Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Teori ve Uygulama Alanları. İstanbul: Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi Yayınları, 19-60.
  • King, M. B. & Koenig, H. G. (2009). Conceptualizing spirituality for medical research and health service provision. BMC Health Services Research, 9(116): 1-7.
  • Lee, M. Y., et al. (2018). Integrative body-mind- spirit social work: an empirically based approach to assessment and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leeuwen, V. R., et al. (2009). The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care. J Clin Nurs, 18(20): 2857-2869.
  • Luskin, F. (2003). Forgive for good. San Francisco: Harper.
  • Maher, A. B. (2006). Impact of abuse on internalized God images: Spiritual assessment and tratment using guided imagery. In K. B. Helmeke & C. F. Sori (Eds.), The therapist’s note-book for integrating spirituality in counseling: Homework, handouts, and activities for use in psychotherapy. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, 89-112.
  • Mathews, I. (2017). Sosyal Hizmet ve Maneviyat (N. Özmen, Çev.). İstanbul: Bilge Yayınları.
  • McSherry, W., Draper, P. & Kendrick, D. (2002). The construct validity of a rating scale designed to assess spirituality and spiritual care. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39(7): 723–734.
  • Moadel, A. B., et al. (2007). Randomized controlled trial of yoga among a multiethnic sample of breast cancer patients: effects on quality of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(28): 4387-4395.
  • Mutçalı, S. (2004). Türkçe-Arapça Sözlük. İstanbul: Dağarcık Yayınları.
  • Mutter, K. F. & Neves, C. M. (2010). A dialogical model for engaging spirituality in therapy. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(2): 164-173.
  • Mutter, K. F. & Neves, C. M. (2010). A dialogical model for engaging spirituality in therapy. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(2): 164-173.
  • Narayanasamy, A. (2010). Recognising spiritual needs. In McSherry, W. & Ross, L. (Eds.), Spiritual Assessment in Healthcare Practice, UK: M&K Publishing, 37-55.
  • National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE). (2003). The Personality Disorder Capabilities Framework. London, Department of Health.
  • Opatrny, M. J. (2021). Spiritual assessment in social work. In Rainer B. Gehrig, M. Opatnry, N. Birher & K. Baumann (Eds.), Spirituality, Ethics and Social Work (1st ed.). Freiburg: FreiDoc plus, 139-155.
  • Otuzoğlu, M. (2017). Onkoloji hastalarının manevî bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemeye yönelik ölçeğin geliştirilmesi (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pargament, K. I. (2007). Spiritually integrated psychotherapy: Understanding and addressing the sacred. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Pargament, K. I. & Krumrei, E. J. (2009). Clinical assessment of clients' spirituality. In J. D. Aten & M. M. Leach (Eds.), Spirituality and the therapeutic process: A comprehensive resource from intake to termination, American Psychological Association, 93–120.
  • Puchalski, C. M. (2001). Spirituality and Health: The Art of Compassionate Medicine. Hospital Physician, 37(3), 30-36.
  • Puchalski, C. (2006). A time for listening and caring: Spirituality and the care of the chronically ill and dying. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Puchalski, C., et al. (2009). Improving the Quality of Spiritual Care as a Dimension of Palliative Care: The Report of the Consensus Conference. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(10): 885- 904. 
  • Redhouse, J. W. (1880). Redhouse’s Turkish Dictionary: English and Turkish, Turkish and English. London.
  • Sheridan, M. J. (2000). The “Role of Religion and Spirituality in Practice” (RRSP) Scale: Psychometric Information And Scoring Instructions (3rd ed). Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University.
  • Swinton, J. (2010). The meanings of spirituality: A multi-perspective approach to ‘the spiritual’. In W. McSherry & L. Ross (Eds.), Spiritual assessment in healthcare practice, Keswick, UK: M & K Publishing, 17-35.
  • Şirin, T. (2018). “Maneviyat Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 13(18), 1283-1309.
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  • Taylor, E. J. (2007). What do I say? Talking with patients about spirituality. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. TDK (2011). Türkçe Sözlük. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. http://www.tdk.gov.tr [01.07.2019].
  • Tiew, L. H. & Creedy, D. K. (2012). Development and preliminary validation of a composite spiritual care-giving scale. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(6): 682–690.
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  • Turan, T. & Karamanoğlu, A. Y. (2013). Determining intensive care unit nurses’ perceptions and practice levels of spiritual care in Turkey. Nursing in Critical Care, 18(2): 70-78.
  • Vaughan, F. & Wittine, B. (1994). Psychotherapy as spiritual inquiry. Revision, 17(2): 42-48.
  • Vaughn, M. & Swanson, K. (2006). “Any life can be fascinating:”- Using spiritual autobiography as an adjunct to therapy. In Helmeke, K. B. & Ford Sori, C. (Eds.), The therapist’s notebook for integrating spirituality in counseling: Homework, handouts and activities for use in psychotherapy, Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 211-219.
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Sosyal Hizmette Manevi Değerlendirme Yöntemleri ve Ölçekleri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 45 - 61, 01.12.2021

Öz

Son yıllarda maneviyatın sosyal hizmet bilimi ve uygulamalarına dahil edilmesinin önemi anlaşılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu açıdan sosyal hizmette bireyi bütüncül/holistik perspektifle değerlendirmede onun manevi boyutunun da ele alınması tam iyilik halini sağlamada doğru bir yaklaşım olacaktır.
Ülkemizde sosyal hizmet biliminde manevi değerlendirme yöntemleri ve uygulamalarına dair yeterli bilgiye ve kaynağa ulaşılmamış olması, bireyi bütüncül değerlendirmede önemli bir rolü olan manevi değerlendirme yöntemlerine dair yeterli bilgiye ulusal yazında ulaşılmaması bu araştırmanın yürütülmesindeki temel gayedir.
Araştırmanın problemi; dünyada manevi sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında manevi değerlendirmenin nasıl yapılacağı ve hangi değerlendirme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığını incelemek ve sosyal hizmet müdahale ve uygulamalarında en yaygın kullanılan manevi değerlendirme yöntemlerini ve araçlarını ortaya koymaktır. Türkiye’de, sosyal hizmet alanında manevi ihtiyaçlara yönelik uygulamaların yetersiz olması nedeniyle dünyada öne çıkan sosyal hizmet uygulama örneklerini incelemek önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, sosyal hizmet alanında önemli bir boşluğu dolduracak ve literatüre katkı sağlayacaktır.
Araştırmanın amacı; sosyal hizmet müdahalelerinde kullanılacak olan manevi değerlendirme yöntemlerinin incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası literatür taranarak manevi değerlendirme yöntem ve araç önerilerinin getirilmiş olması, araştırmanın özgünlüğünü ortaya koymaktadır.
Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması kullanılmış ve nitel veri toplama araçlarından döküman analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda manevi değerlendirme yöntemlerine dair uluslararası literatür taranmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre dünyada en çok kullanılan manevi değerlendirme yöntemleri; açık/kısa değerlendirme, örtük değerlendirme, kapsamlı değerlendirme ve endirekt/dolaylı değerlendirme olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca manevi değerlendirme ölçekleri olarak da Maneviyat ve Manevi Bakım Ölçeği, Manevi Bakım Yeterlilik Ölçeği, Manevi Bakım Verme Ölçeği, Hastaların Manevi İhtiyaçlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Manevi Bakım Algıları ve Uygulamaları Ölçeği uluslararası yayınlanan ve Türkçe’ye uyarlanan ölçekler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Manevi değerlendirmede kullanılan yerli ölçekler ise, Manevi Destek Algısı Ölçeği, Manevi Yönelim Ölçeği, Manevi Bakım Gereksinim Ölçeği, SHUMDR Ölçeği ve Maneviyat Ölçekleridir.

Kaynakça

  • Anandarajah, G. & Hight, E. (2001). Spirituality and medical practice: Using the HOPE questions as a practical tool for spiritual assessment. American Family Physician, 63(1): 81– 88.
  • Apak, H. (2018). Sosyal Hizmet Uygulamasında Din ve Maneviyatın Rolü (SHUDMR) Ölçeğinin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik Çalışması. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(3): 1889-1903.
  • Baldwin, C. (1991). Life’s companion: Journal writing as a spiritual quest. New York: Bantam Books.
  • Bedri, M. B. (2012). Düşünme, gözlemden tanıklığa (M. Çiftkaya, Çev.). İstanbul: Mahya Yayıncılık.
  • Bishop, D. R. (1992). Religious values as cross-cultural issues in counseling. Counseling and Values, 36: 179–191.
  • Bulkeley, K. (2009). Seeking patterns in dream content: A systematic approach to word searches. Consciousness and Cognition, 18(4): 905–916.
  • Bullis, R. K. (1996). Spirituality in Social Work Practice. Washington, D.C.: Taylor and Francis.
  • Canda, E. R. (1988). Spirituality, religious diversity, and social work practice. Social Case-work, 69(4): 238-247.
  • Canda, E. R. & Furman, L. D. (2010). Spiritual Diversity in Social Work Practice (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cashwell, C. S. & Young, J. S. (2011). Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: a guide to competent practice (2nd ed.). American Counseling Association.
  • Chan, M. F., et al. (2006). Investigating spiritual care perceptions and practice patterns in Hong Kong nurses: Results of a cluster analysis. Nurse Education Today, 26: 139–150.
  • Cook, C. C. H. (2004). Addiction and Spirituality. Addiction, 99(5): 539-551.
  • Çoban, G. İ., Şirin, M. & Yurttaş, A. (2017). Reliability and validity of the spiritual care-giving scale in a Turkish Population. Journal of Religion and Health, 56(1): 63-73.
  • Dağcı, A. (2018, Kasım). ‘Türkiye’de Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Manevi Bakım Araştırmaları: Sistematik Bir Analiz.’. 2. Uluslararası Eğitim Bilimleri ve Sosyal Bilimler Sempozyumu. Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi, Çanakkale.
  • Dağhan, S., Kalkım, A. & Midilli, T. S. (2018). Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish form of the spiritual care competence scale. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1):14-27.
  • Dedeli, O., Yıldız, E. & Yuksel, S. (2015). Assessing the spiritual needs and practices of oncology patients in Turkey. Holistic Nursing Practice, 29(2): 103-113.
  • Denney, R. M., Aten, J. D. & Gingrich, F. C. (2008). Using spiritual self-disclosure in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 36(4), 294-302.
  • Eck, B. E. (2002). An Exploration of the Therapeutic Use of Spiritual Disciplines in Clinical Practice. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 21(3): 266-280.
  • Eigen, M. (2001). Mysticism And Psychoanalysis. The Psychoanalytic Review, 88(3): 455-481.
  • Elkins, D. N., et al. (1988). Toward a Humanistic-Phenomenological Spirituality: Definition, Description, and Measurement. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 28(5): 5-18.
  • Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness a choice. Washington, DC: APA LifeTools, American Psychological Association.
  • Ergül, Ş. ve Bayık, A. (2007). “Maneviyat ve Manevi Bakım Dereceleme Ölçeği” nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirliği. Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksek Okulu Dergisi, 23(1): 75-87.
  • Faiver, C., et al. (2001). Explorations in Counseling And Spirituality: Philosophical, Practical, and Personal Reflections. Belmont CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.
  • Frame, M. W. (2003). Integrating Religion and Spirituality into Counseling: A Comprehensive Approach. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/ Cole.
  • Fukuyama, M. A. & Sevig, T. D. (1997). Spiritual issues in counseling: A new course. Counselor Education and Supervision, 36, 233–244.
  • Galek, K., et al. (2005). Assessing a patient’s spiritual needs. Holist Nurs Pract, 19(2): 62-69.
  • Gilbert, P. (2006). Breathing Out-Breathing In, Reaching the Spirit: Social Perspectives Network. London: SPN StudyDaypaper nine.
  • Good, J. J. (2010). Integration of spirituality and cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of depression (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadephia.
  • Griffith, J. L. & Griffith, M. E. (2002). Encountering the Sacred in Psychotherapy: How to Talk with People about Their Spiritual Lives. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Hagedorn, W. B. & Hartwig Moorhead, H. J. (2011). Counselor Self-Awareness: Exploring Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values. In C. S. Cashwell & J. S. Young (Eds.), Integrating Spirituality and Religion Into Counseling: A Guide to Competent Practice, (2nd Ed.), American Counseling Association, 71-95.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2001). Spiritual Assessment: A Review of Major Qualitative Methods and A New Framework for Assessing Spirituality. Social Work, 46(3): 203-214.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2002). Working with Muslim youths: Understanding the values and beliefs of Islamic discourse. Children & Schools, 24(1): 6–20.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2004). Why Conduct a Spiritual Assessment? A Theoretical Foundation for Assessment. Advances In Social Work, 5(2): 183-196.
  • Hodge, D. R. (2015). Spiritual Assessment in Social Work and Mental Health Practice. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press (e-book).
  • Juhnke, G. A. (1995). Mental health counseling assessment: Broadening one’s understanding of the client and the client presenting concerns, 1-6. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED388883).
  • Kasapoğlu, F. (2015). Manevî yönelim ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(3): 51-68.
  • Kavas, E. & Kavas, N. (2014). Manevi Destek Algısı (MDA) Ölçeği: Geliştirilmesi, geçerliliği ve güvenilirliği. Turkish Studies – International Periodical For The Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 9(2): 905-915.
  • Keutzer, C. S. (1984). Transpersonal psychotherapy: Reflections on the genre. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 15(6): 868-883.
  • Kılınçer, H. (2017). Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik (MDR) Üzerine: Psikoloji, İlahiyat ve Tıp Alanlarında Maneviyat ve MDR Algısı. A. Ayten (Ed.), Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Teori ve Uygulama Alanları. İstanbul: Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi Yayınları, 19-60.
  • King, M. B. & Koenig, H. G. (2009). Conceptualizing spirituality for medical research and health service provision. BMC Health Services Research, 9(116): 1-7.
  • Lee, M. Y., et al. (2018). Integrative body-mind- spirit social work: an empirically based approach to assessment and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leeuwen, V. R., et al. (2009). The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care. J Clin Nurs, 18(20): 2857-2869.
  • Luskin, F. (2003). Forgive for good. San Francisco: Harper.
  • Maher, A. B. (2006). Impact of abuse on internalized God images: Spiritual assessment and tratment using guided imagery. In K. B. Helmeke & C. F. Sori (Eds.), The therapist’s note-book for integrating spirituality in counseling: Homework, handouts, and activities for use in psychotherapy. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, 89-112.
  • Mathews, I. (2017). Sosyal Hizmet ve Maneviyat (N. Özmen, Çev.). İstanbul: Bilge Yayınları.
  • McSherry, W., Draper, P. & Kendrick, D. (2002). The construct validity of a rating scale designed to assess spirituality and spiritual care. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 39(7): 723–734.
  • Moadel, A. B., et al. (2007). Randomized controlled trial of yoga among a multiethnic sample of breast cancer patients: effects on quality of life. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25(28): 4387-4395.
  • Mutçalı, S. (2004). Türkçe-Arapça Sözlük. İstanbul: Dağarcık Yayınları.
  • Mutter, K. F. & Neves, C. M. (2010). A dialogical model for engaging spirituality in therapy. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(2): 164-173.
  • Mutter, K. F. & Neves, C. M. (2010). A dialogical model for engaging spirituality in therapy. Clinical Social Work Journal, 38(2): 164-173.
  • Narayanasamy, A. (2010). Recognising spiritual needs. In McSherry, W. & Ross, L. (Eds.), Spiritual Assessment in Healthcare Practice, UK: M&K Publishing, 37-55.
  • National Institute for Mental Health in England (NIMHE). (2003). The Personality Disorder Capabilities Framework. London, Department of Health.
  • Opatrny, M. J. (2021). Spiritual assessment in social work. In Rainer B. Gehrig, M. Opatnry, N. Birher & K. Baumann (Eds.), Spirituality, Ethics and Social Work (1st ed.). Freiburg: FreiDoc plus, 139-155.
  • Otuzoğlu, M. (2017). Onkoloji hastalarının manevî bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemeye yönelik ölçeğin geliştirilmesi (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Pargament, K. I. (2007). Spiritually integrated psychotherapy: Understanding and addressing the sacred. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Pargament, K. I. & Krumrei, E. J. (2009). Clinical assessment of clients' spirituality. In J. D. Aten & M. M. Leach (Eds.), Spirituality and the therapeutic process: A comprehensive resource from intake to termination, American Psychological Association, 93–120.
  • Puchalski, C. M. (2001). Spirituality and Health: The Art of Compassionate Medicine. Hospital Physician, 37(3), 30-36.
  • Puchalski, C. (2006). A time for listening and caring: Spirituality and the care of the chronically ill and dying. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Puchalski, C., et al. (2009). Improving the Quality of Spiritual Care as a Dimension of Palliative Care: The Report of the Consensus Conference. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 12(10): 885- 904. 
  • Redhouse, J. W. (1880). Redhouse’s Turkish Dictionary: English and Turkish, Turkish and English. London.
  • Sheridan, M. J. (2000). The “Role of Religion and Spirituality in Practice” (RRSP) Scale: Psychometric Information And Scoring Instructions (3rd ed). Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University.
  • Swinton, J. (2010). The meanings of spirituality: A multi-perspective approach to ‘the spiritual’. In W. McSherry & L. Ross (Eds.), Spiritual assessment in healthcare practice, Keswick, UK: M & K Publishing, 17-35.
  • Şirin, T. (2018). “Maneviyat Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması”, Turkish Studies Social Sciences, 13(18), 1283-1309.
  • Tarhan, N. (2012). Mesnevi Terapi. İstanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
  • Taylor, E. J. (2007). What do I say? Talking with patients about spirituality. West Conshohocken, PA: Templeton Foundation Press. TDK (2011). Türkçe Sözlük. Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları. http://www.tdk.gov.tr [01.07.2019].
  • Tiew, L. H. & Creedy, D. K. (2012). Development and preliminary validation of a composite spiritual care-giving scale. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49(6): 682–690.
  • Tuncay, T. (2007). Kronik Hastalıklarla Başetmede Tinsellik. Ankara: Sağlık ve Toplum, 17(2): 13-20.
  • Turan, T. & Karamanoğlu, A. Y. (2013). Determining intensive care unit nurses’ perceptions and practice levels of spiritual care in Turkey. Nursing in Critical Care, 18(2): 70-78.
  • Vaughan, F. & Wittine, B. (1994). Psychotherapy as spiritual inquiry. Revision, 17(2): 42-48.
  • Vaughn, M. & Swanson, K. (2006). “Any life can be fascinating:”- Using spiritual autobiography as an adjunct to therapy. In Helmeke, K. B. & Ford Sori, C. (Eds.), The therapist’s notebook for integrating spirituality in counseling: Homework, handouts and activities for use in psychotherapy, Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 211-219.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2005). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, (5. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Designs and methods (5th ed.). Los Angelos: Sage.
  • Walker, D. F., Gorsuch, R. L. & Tan, S. (2004). Therapists' integration of religion and spirituality in counseling: A meta-analysis. Counseling and Values, 49(1): 69-80.
  • Walker, S. (2010). Young people’s mental health: the spiritual power of fairy stories, myths and legends. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 13(1): 81–92.
  • Worthington, E. L. (2005). Handbook of Forgiveness, (1st Ed.). New York: Routledge.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Feyza Beki 0000-0001-7656-1566

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 16 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Beki, F. (2021). Sosyal Hizmette Manevi Değerlendirme Yöntemleri ve Ölçekleri. Toplumsal Politika Dergisi, 2(2), 45-61.