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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RENEWABLE ENERGY USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN THE ECONOMIES OF CHINA AND INDIA: A BOOTSTRAP COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 581 - 596, 13.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621

Öz

Climate change is the biggest challenge facing all countries in the world today. Goal 13 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims, among other things, to take urgent action against climate change and its impacts. Part of the decline in global emissions growth is due to increased use of renewable energy. article uses the bootstrap ARDL frontier test to test the relationship between renewable energy consumption and environmental degradation for the Chinese and Indian economies over the period 1990-2019. In our empirical analysis, we use to DOLS technique is used to estimate the long-run coefficients. This result indicates the existence of co-integration in China and India. Long-term estimates show that renewable energy consumption reduces environmental degradation.

Kaynakça

  • Akhmat, G., Zaman, K., Shukui, T., Abdul Malik, I., Begum, S. & Ahmed, A. A. (2014). Contemporary Landscape of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Leads to Inevitable Phenomena of Low Birthweight. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 21,15, 9408-14.
  • Albayrak, E. N., & Gökçe, A. (2015). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Türkiye Örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi. 4,2, 279-301.
  • Ali, M., Tursoy, T., Samour, A., Moyo, D., & Konneh, A. (2022). Testing the Impact of the Gold Price, Oil Price, and Renewable Energy on Carbon Emissions in South Africa: Novel Evidence from Bootstrap ARDL and NARDL Approaches. Resources Policy.79, 102984.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France. Energy Policy. 35,10, 4772-4778. Apergis, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model. Energy Econ. 31, 211-216.
  • Bélaïd, F., & Youssef, M. (2017). Environmental Degradation, Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Algeria. Energy policy, 102, 277-287.
  • Bertelli, S., Vacca, G. & Zoia, M. (2022). Bootstrap Cointegration Tests in ARDL Models. Economic Modelling, 116, 1-15.
  • Chopra, R., Magazzino, C, Shah, M. I., Sharma, G. D., Rao, A. & Shahzad, U. (2022). The Role of Renewable Energy and Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in Asean Countries: Do Carbon Emissions and Deforestation Affect Agriculture Productivity? Resources Policy, 76, 1-18.
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49, 1057-72.
  • Duodu, E., Oteng-Abayie, E. F., Frimpong, P. B., & Takyi, P. O. (2022). The Impact of the Compact with Africa Initiative on Foreign Direct Investments and Environmental Pollution. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, (aheadof-print).
  • Edziah, B. K., Sun, H., Adom, P. K., Wang, F., & Agyemang, A. O. (2022). The Role of Exogenous Technological Factors and Renewable Energy in Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Renewable Energy. 196, 1418-1428.
  • Fan, H., & Hossain, M. I. (2018). Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis between China and India. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 8,6, 240-257.
  • Fioramonti, L. Coscieme, R. Costanza, I. Kubiszewski, K. Trebeck, S. Wallis, Roberts, D., Mortensen, L.F., Pickett, K.E., Wilkinson, R., Ragnarsdottír, K.V., McGlade, J., Lovins, H. & De Vogli, R. (2022). Wellbeing Economy: An Effective Paradigm to Mainstream Post-Growth Policies?. Ecol. Econ., 192.
  • IPCC, (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104.
  • Kapçak, S. (2023). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 15,3, 401-420.
  • Khan, J., Emilsson, K., Fritz, M., Koch, M., Hildingsson, R. & Johansson, H. (2022). Ecological Ceiling and Social floor: Public Support for Eco-Social Policies in Sweden. Sustain. Sci.,1–1.
  • Kwakwa, P. A., & Alhassan, H. (2018). The Effect of Energy and Urbanisation on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Ghana. OPEC Energy Review. 42,4, 301-330.
  • Magazzino, C., Mele, M., & Schneider, N. (2020). The Relationship between Municipal Solid Waste and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Evidence from Switzerland. Waste Management. 113, 508-520.
  • Marques, A.C. (2020). Caetano, R. The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Emission Reduction Targets: Evidence from High- and Middle-Income Countries. Struct. Change Econ. Dyn. 55, 107–118.
  • McNown, R., Sam, C.Y. & Goh, S.K. (2018). Bootstrapping the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Test for Cointegration. Appl. Econ. 50,13, 1509–1521.
  • Majeed, M. T. & Luni, T. (2019). Renewable Energy, Water, and Environmental Degradation: A Global Panel Data Approach, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS). 13,3, 749-778.
  • Martino, R., & Nguyen-Van, P. (2016). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Environmental Convergence: A Unified Empirical Framework for CO2 Emissions. Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée Working Paper, 18.
  • Mentel, U., Wolanin, E., Eshov, M., & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Industrialization and CO2 Emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mitigating Role of Renewable Electricity. Energies. 15,3, 946.
  • Menyah, K. & Y. Wolde, R. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in The US. Energy Policy. 38,6, 2911-2915.
  • Mongo, M., Belaïd, F. & Ramdani, B. (2021). The Effects of Environmental Innovations on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Environ. Sci. Policy. 118, 1-9.
  • Muhammad, B., Khan, M. K., Khan, M. I. & Khan, S. (2021). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Natural Resources, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRICS, Developing, Developed and Global Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28, 21789–21798.
  • Musah, M., Mensah, I. A., Alfred, M., Mahmood, H., Murshed, M. & Omari-Sasu, A. Y. (2022). Reinvestigating the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: The Nexus between Foreign Direct Investments And Environmental Quality in G-20 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29,21, 31330–31347.
  • Nawaz M.A., Hussain M.S., Kamran H.W., Ehsanullah S., Maheen R. & Shair, F. (2021). Trilemma Association of Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission, and Economic Growth of BRICS and OECD Regions: Quantile Regression Estimation, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 28, 16014–16028.
  • Özcan, B. (2015). ÇKE Hipotezi Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Geçerli Mi? Panel Veri Analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. 16,1, 1-14.
  • Pata U.K. (2018). Renewable Energy Consumption, Urbanization, Financial Development, Income and CO2 Emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC Hypothesis with Structural Breaks. J. Clean. Prod. 187 ,770–779.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 16,3, 289-326.
  • Shafiei, S. & Salim, R.A. (2014). Non-renewable and Renewable Energy Consumption And CO2 Emissions İn OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Energy Policy. 66, 547-556.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zeshan, M. & Afza, T. (2012). Is Energy Consumption Effective to Spur Economic Growth in Pakistan? New Evidence From Bounds Test to Level Relationships and Granger Causality Tests. Econ. Model. 29, 2310-2319.
  • Song, Y., Zhang, M., & Zhou, M., (2019). Study on the Decoupling Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Development Based on Two-Dimensional Decoupling Theory: A Case Between China and the United States. Ecol. Ind. 102, 230–236.
  • Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W. (1993) A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated System. Economometrica, 61, 783-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2951763.
  • Toda, H. Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995), Statistical Inferences In Vector Autoregressions With Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics. 66, 225‐250.
  • Valente, D., Miglietta, P.P., Porrini, D., Pasimeni, M.R., Zurlini, G. & Petrosillo, I. (2019). A First Analysis on the Need to Integrate Ecological Aspects into Financial Insurance. Ecol. Model. 392, 117–127.
  • Yu, Y., & Xu, W. (2019). Impact of FDI and R&D on China's Industrial CO2 Emissions Reduction and Trend Prediction. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 10,5, 1627-1635.
  • Yurtkuran, S. (2020). Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi’nin Testi: Temiz Enerji Tüketimi’nin Rolü. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 22,2, 570-589.

ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2, 581 - 596, 13.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621

Öz

İklim değişikliği günümüzde tüm dünya ülkelerinin karşı karşıya olduğu en büyük zorluktur. Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedeflerinin (SKH) 13. hedefi, diğerlerinin yanı sıra, iklim değişikliği ve sonuçlarına karşı acil önlemler alınmasını amaçlamaktadır. Küresel emisyon artışındaki düşüşün bir parçası da yenilenebilir enerji kullanımındaki artış olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Çin ve Hindistan ekonomileri için 1990-2019 döneminde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve çevresel bozulma arasındaki ilişki Bootstrap ARDL sınır testi yöntemiyle analiz etmektedir. Ampirik analizde uzun dönem katsayılarının tahmini için DOLS tekniği kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, Çin ve Hindistan’da eş bütünleşmenin varlığını kanıtlamaktadır. Uzun dönem tahminleri ise yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin çevresel bozulmayı azalttığını göstermektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akhmat, G., Zaman, K., Shukui, T., Abdul Malik, I., Begum, S. & Ahmed, A. A. (2014). Contemporary Landscape of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Leads to Inevitable Phenomena of Low Birthweight. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 21,15, 9408-14.
  • Albayrak, E. N., & Gökçe, A. (2015). Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevresel Kirlilik İlişkisi: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi ve Türkiye Örneği. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırma Dergisi. 4,2, 279-301.
  • Ali, M., Tursoy, T., Samour, A., Moyo, D., & Konneh, A. (2022). Testing the Impact of the Gold Price, Oil Price, and Renewable Energy on Carbon Emissions in South Africa: Novel Evidence from Bootstrap ARDL and NARDL Approaches. Resources Policy.79, 102984.
  • Ang, J. B. (2007). CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Output in France. Energy Policy. 35,10, 4772-4778. Apergis, N. & Payne, J.E. (2009). Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Central America: Evidence from a Panel Cointegration and Error Correction Model. Energy Econ. 31, 211-216.
  • Bélaïd, F., & Youssef, M. (2017). Environmental Degradation, Renewable and Non-Renewable Electricity Consumption, and Economic Growth: Assessing the Evidence from Algeria. Energy policy, 102, 277-287.
  • Bertelli, S., Vacca, G. & Zoia, M. (2022). Bootstrap Cointegration Tests in ARDL Models. Economic Modelling, 116, 1-15.
  • Chopra, R., Magazzino, C, Shah, M. I., Sharma, G. D., Rao, A. & Shahzad, U. (2022). The Role of Renewable Energy and Natural Resources for Sustainable Agriculture in Asean Countries: Do Carbon Emissions and Deforestation Affect Agriculture Productivity? Resources Policy, 76, 1-18.
  • Dickey, D.A. & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root. Econometrica, 49, 1057-72.
  • Duodu, E., Oteng-Abayie, E. F., Frimpong, P. B., & Takyi, P. O. (2022). The Impact of the Compact with Africa Initiative on Foreign Direct Investments and Environmental Pollution. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, (aheadof-print).
  • Edziah, B. K., Sun, H., Adom, P. K., Wang, F., & Agyemang, A. O. (2022). The Role of Exogenous Technological Factors and Renewable Energy in Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction in Sub-Saharan Africa. Renewable Energy. 196, 1418-1428.
  • Fan, H., & Hossain, M. I. (2018). Technological Innovation, Trade Openness, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth: Comparative Analysis between China and India. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy. 8,6, 240-257.
  • Fioramonti, L. Coscieme, R. Costanza, I. Kubiszewski, K. Trebeck, S. Wallis, Roberts, D., Mortensen, L.F., Pickett, K.E., Wilkinson, R., Ragnarsdottír, K.V., McGlade, J., Lovins, H. & De Vogli, R. (2022). Wellbeing Economy: An Effective Paradigm to Mainstream Post-Growth Policies?. Ecol. Econ., 192.
  • IPCC, (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104.
  • Kapçak, S. (2023). Türkiye’de Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar ile Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 15,3, 401-420.
  • Khan, J., Emilsson, K., Fritz, M., Koch, M., Hildingsson, R. & Johansson, H. (2022). Ecological Ceiling and Social floor: Public Support for Eco-Social Policies in Sweden. Sustain. Sci.,1–1.
  • Kwakwa, P. A., & Alhassan, H. (2018). The Effect of Energy and Urbanisation on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from Ghana. OPEC Energy Review. 42,4, 301-330.
  • Magazzino, C., Mele, M., & Schneider, N. (2020). The Relationship between Municipal Solid Waste and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Evidence from Switzerland. Waste Management. 113, 508-520.
  • Marques, A.C. (2020). Caetano, R. The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Emission Reduction Targets: Evidence from High- and Middle-Income Countries. Struct. Change Econ. Dyn. 55, 107–118.
  • McNown, R., Sam, C.Y. & Goh, S.K. (2018). Bootstrapping the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Test for Cointegration. Appl. Econ. 50,13, 1509–1521.
  • Majeed, M. T. & Luni, T. (2019). Renewable Energy, Water, and Environmental Degradation: A Global Panel Data Approach, Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS). 13,3, 749-778.
  • Martino, R., & Nguyen-Van, P. (2016). Environmental Kuznets Curve and Environmental Convergence: A Unified Empirical Framework for CO2 Emissions. Bureau d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée Working Paper, 18.
  • Mentel, U., Wolanin, E., Eshov, M., & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Industrialization and CO2 Emissions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Mitigating Role of Renewable Electricity. Energies. 15,3, 946.
  • Menyah, K. & Y. Wolde, R. (2010). CO2 Emissions, Nuclear Energy, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in The US. Energy Policy. 38,6, 2911-2915.
  • Mongo, M., Belaïd, F. & Ramdani, B. (2021). The Effects of Environmental Innovations on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Europe. Environ. Sci. Policy. 118, 1-9.
  • Muhammad, B., Khan, M. K., Khan, M. I. & Khan, S. (2021). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Natural Resources, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from BRICS, Developing, Developed and Global Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28, 21789–21798.
  • Musah, M., Mensah, I. A., Alfred, M., Mahmood, H., Murshed, M. & Omari-Sasu, A. Y. (2022). Reinvestigating the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: The Nexus between Foreign Direct Investments And Environmental Quality in G-20 Countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29,21, 31330–31347.
  • Nawaz M.A., Hussain M.S., Kamran H.W., Ehsanullah S., Maheen R. & Shair, F. (2021). Trilemma Association of Energy Consumption, Carbon Emission, and Economic Growth of BRICS and OECD Regions: Quantile Regression Estimation, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Control Ser. 28, 16014–16028.
  • Özcan, B. (2015). ÇKE Hipotezi Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri İçin Geçerli Mi? Panel Veri Analizi. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi. 16,1, 1-14.
  • Pata U.K. (2018). Renewable Energy Consumption, Urbanization, Financial Development, Income and CO2 Emissions in Turkey: Testing EKC Hypothesis with Structural Breaks. J. Clean. Prod. 187 ,770–779.
  • Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics. 16,3, 289-326.
  • Shafiei, S. & Salim, R.A. (2014). Non-renewable and Renewable Energy Consumption And CO2 Emissions İn OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Energy Policy. 66, 547-556.
  • Shahbaz, M., Zeshan, M. & Afza, T. (2012). Is Energy Consumption Effective to Spur Economic Growth in Pakistan? New Evidence From Bounds Test to Level Relationships and Granger Causality Tests. Econ. Model. 29, 2310-2319.
  • Song, Y., Zhang, M., & Zhou, M., (2019). Study on the Decoupling Relationship Between CO2 Emissions and Economic Development Based on Two-Dimensional Decoupling Theory: A Case Between China and the United States. Ecol. Ind. 102, 230–236.
  • Stock, J.H. & Watson, M.W. (1993) A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated System. Economometrica, 61, 783-820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2951763.
  • Toda, H. Y. & Yamamoto, T. (1995), Statistical Inferences In Vector Autoregressions With Possibly Integrated Processes. Journal of Econometrics. 66, 225‐250.
  • Valente, D., Miglietta, P.P., Porrini, D., Pasimeni, M.R., Zurlini, G. & Petrosillo, I. (2019). A First Analysis on the Need to Integrate Ecological Aspects into Financial Insurance. Ecol. Model. 392, 117–127.
  • Yu, Y., & Xu, W. (2019). Impact of FDI and R&D on China's Industrial CO2 Emissions Reduction and Trend Prediction. Atmospheric Pollution Research. 10,5, 1627-1635.
  • Yurtkuran, S. (2020). Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi’nin Testi: Temiz Enerji Tüketimi’nin Rolü. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 22,2, 570-589.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevre Ekonomisi, Ekoloji, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Enerji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Aycan Can 0000-0002-4703-4510

Murat Çetin 0000-0002-7886-4162

Yayımlanma Tarihi 13 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 4 Temmuz 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Can, A., & Çetin, M. (2024). ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26(2), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621
AMA Can A, Çetin M. ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. Aralık 2024;26(2):581-596. doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621
Chicago Can, Aycan, ve Murat Çetin. “ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26, sy. 2 (Aralık 2024): 581-96. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621.
EndNote Can A, Çetin M (01 Aralık 2024) ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26 2 581–596.
IEEE A. Can ve M. Çetin, “ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ”, Trakya University Journal of Social Science, c. 26, sy. 2, ss. 581–596, 2024, doi: 10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621.
ISNAD Can, Aycan - Çetin, Murat. “ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 26/2 (Aralık 2024), 581-596. https://doi.org/10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621.
JAMA Can A, Çetin M. ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2024;26:581–596.
MLA Can, Aycan ve Murat Çetin. “ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ”. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 26, sy. 2, 2024, ss. 581-96, doi:10.26468/trakyasobed.1425621.
Vancouver Can A, Çetin M. ÇİN VE HİNDİSTAN EKONOMİLERİNDE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KULLANIMI-ÇEVRESEL BOZULMA İLİŞKİSİ: BİR BOOTSTRAP EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME ANALİZİ. Trakya University Journal of Social Science. 2024;26(2):581-96.
Resim

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