Financial Security Perceptions of Informally Employed Women: An Example From Rural Erzurum

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 4, 421 - 429, 15.10.2025

Serpil Sumer Adin , Hilal Mola

https://doi.org/10.16951/trendbusecon.1557400

Öz

Informal employment is seen as a global problem. Although there are efforts to reduce informal employment, the informal employment rate is gradually increasing, and this increase brings with it many disadvantages. In this study, the financial security perceptions of women working informally in rural areas were investigated. An attempt was made to find answers to the questions: “what do informal women workers know about financial security?” and “what is the meaning of financial security for them?” In this paper, which is a qualitative research type, data were collected using the interview technique. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the main reason for informal work in rural areas is economic problems and depending on the level of education, women do jobs that do not require expertise . The point that distinguishes this study from similar studies in the literature is that it investigates the working reasons and financial security perceptions of women who are informally employed in rural areas. In this research, in which economics problems and education level were identified as the reasons for informal employment, it is proposed hat the provision of financial literacy education at school at an early age will contribute to financial security and financial freedom, and reduce the individual's economic worry and anxiety about the future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial security , informal employment , women , Financial literacy

Etik Beyan

The ethics committee approval for the study was obtained from the Atatürk University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee on 11.08.2023 with the document numbered E-88656144-000-2300246915.

Kayıt Dışı Çalışan Kadınların Finansal Güvenlik Algıları: Erzurum Kırsalından Bir Örnek

Öz

Kayıt dışı istihdam küresel bir sorun olarak görülmektedir. Kayıt dışı istihdamı azaltmaya yönelik çalışmalar olmasına rağmen kayıt dışı çalışma sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Kayıt dışı istihdamın pek çok dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, kırsalda kayıt dışı çalışan kadınların finansal güvenlik algıları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada kayıt dışı çalışan kadınlar finansal güvenlik hakkında neler bilmektedir ve finansal güvenliğin onlar için ifade ettiği anlam nedir? sorularına yanıt aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile yapılan çalışmada görüşme tekniği ile veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda kırsalda kayıt dışı çalışan kadınların çalışmasının temel nedeni maddi sıkıntılar olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kırsalda kayıt dışı çalışan kadınların, eğitim seviyesine bağlı olarak uzmanlık gerektirmeyen işlerde çalıştıkları da ortaya koyulmuştur. Bu çalışmayı literatürdeki benzer çalışmalardan ayıran nokta, kırsalda kayıt dışı çalışan kadınların çalışma nedenleri ile finansal güvenlik algılarının araştırılmış olmasıdır. Maddi problemlerin ve eğitim seviyesinin kayıt dışı çalışmanın nedeni olarak belirlendiği bu çalışmada, finansal okuryazarlık eğitiminin erken yaşlarda okulda verilmesinin finansal güvenliğe ve finansal özgürlüğe katkı sağlayarak bireyin gelecekle ilgili ekonomik endişe ve kaygısını azaltacağı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal güvenlik , kayıt dışı istihdam , kadın , finansal okuryazarlık

Etik Beyan

Çalışmanın etik kurul izni Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu Başkanlığı’ndan 11.08.2023 tarihinde E-88656144-000-2300246915 sayılı belge ile alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

• Abdulaeva, Z., & Umatov, S. (2021, March). Gender aspects of shadow employment in the north caucasus regions. In VIII international scientific and practical conference'current problems of social and labour relations'(ISPC-CPSLR 2020) (pp. 9-13). Atlantis Press. [CrossRef]
• Abdullahi, H. I., Amosun, O. O., & Akinyele, B. O. (2020). Lift above poverty micro-finance bank, rural-women financial security and crime reduction strategies in nigeria: evaluation of selected communities in Badagry, Lagos State, Nigeria. International Journal of Finance Research, 1(1), 50-59. [CrossRef]
• Aguila, E., Diaz, C., Fu, M. M., Kapteyn, A., & Pierson, A. (2012). Living longer in Mexico: Income security and health. Rand health quarterly, 1(4), 1-1. [CrossRef]
• Ahmad, S. Y., & Sabri, M. F. (2015). Financial security of female-headed households: A Preliminary Study. Asian journal of social sciences & humanities, 4(4), 219-228. [CrossRef]
• Aronsson, A. E., Vidaurre-Teixidó, P., Jensen, M. R., Solhaug, S., & McNamara, C. (2023). The health consequences of informal employment among female workers and their children: a systematic review. Globalization and health, 19(1), 59. [CrossRef]
• Aşkın, U., & Aşkın, E. Ö. (2019). İşgücü piyasasında enformel kadın işgücü: ev eksenli çalışan kadınlara yönelik bir araştırma. Manas Journal of Social Studies, 8(1), 977-1001. [CrossRef]
• Benavides, F. G., Silva-Peñaherrera, M., & Vives, A. (2022). Informal employment, precariousness, and decent work: from research to preventive action. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 48(3), 169. [CrossRef]
• Bhan, G., Surie, A., Horwood, C., Dobson, R., Alfers, L., Portela, A., & Rollins, N. (2020). Informal work and maternal and child health: a blind spot in public health and research. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98(3), 219. [CrossRef]
• Bianco, C., Bosco, A. and Susan, M. (2000), Financial Literacy: What Are Business Schools Teaching,Bristol, Gabelli School of Business Roger Williams University, 8,24-27 [CrossRef]
• Boisclair, D., Lusardi, A., & Michaud, P. C. (2017). Financial literacy and retirement planning in Canada. Journal of pension economics & finance, 16(3), 277-296. [CrossRef]
• Chanda, S., & Mishra, R. (2019). Impact of transition in work status and social participation on cognitive performance among elderly in India. BMC geriatrics, 19(1), 1-10. [CrossRef]
• Conner, D. H. (2013). Financial freedom: Women, money, and domestic abuse. William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice (JRGSJ), 20 (2), 339-397. [CrossRef]
• Cude,J. Brenda, Lawrence, C. Frances, Lyons, C. Angela., Metzger, Kaci, Lejeune, Emily, Marks, Lorenve Fedyaeva, O. A. (2019). Financial Literacy as a Factor of Personal Financial Security. Мировая экономика: проблемы безопасности, (1), 77-83.
• Howell, R. T., Kurai, M., & Tam, L. (2013). Money buys financial security and psychological need satisfaction: Testing need theory in affluence. Social Indicators Research, 110, 17-29. [CrossRef]
• ILO (2025), Statistics on the informal economy. Erişim tarihi: 23.04.2025 [CrossRef]
• Jain, M., Sharma, G. D. & Mahendru, M. (2019). Can I sustain my happiness? A review, critique and research agenda for economics of happiness. Sustainability, 11(22), 1-36. [CrossRef]
• Kılıç, Y., & Ata, H. A. (2015). Finansal okuryazarlık: Üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik bir araştırma. Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, (66), 129-150. [CrossRef]
• Lee, J., & Di Ruggiero, E. (2022). How does informal employment affect health and health equity? Emerging gaps in research from a scoping review and modified e-Delphi survey. International Journal for Equity in Health, 21(1), 1-12. [CrossRef]
• Machtmes, Krisanna (2006). “College Students And Financial Literacy: What They Know And What We Need To Learn”,Eastern Family Economics And Resource Management Association Conference 2006. 102- 109. [CrossRef]
• Maryam, A., & Jafree, S. R. (2022). Sociodemographics of Formal and Informal Sector Women Workers of Pakistan and a Comparison of their Perceived and Practiced Autonomy. Global Sociological Review, VII (I), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2022(VII-I).11[CrossRef]
• Mustafa, W. M. W., Islam, M. A., Asyraf, M., Hassan, M. S., Royhan, P., & Rahman, S. (2023). The effects of financial attitudes, financial literacy and health literacy on sustainable financial retirement planning: The moderating role of the financial advisor. Sustainability, 15(3), 2677. [CrossRef]
• Nwodoh, E. O. (2011). Entrepreneurship and functional vocational education as a means of achieving the national objectives of vision 20:20:20 in Nigeria. Approaches in International Journal of Research Development, 4(1), 296-303. [CrossRef]
• OECD (2005). Improving financial literacy: Analysis of issues and policies. Announcement of publication and outline of publication. Erişim tar: 19.02.2025 [CrossRef]
• Okoi, O. N., Ogar, J. A., Ubi, L. O., Ubi, L. B., & Okpa, J. T. (2022). Economic empowerment, financial security and the well-being of women in Nigeria. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD), 6(3), 612-622. [CrossRef]
• Omang, T. A., Okpa, J. T., Okoi, O. N., & Iniama, J. (2020). Women barriers and empowerment opportunities in the Nigerian context. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 28(4), 3167–3186. [CrossRef]
• Onur, N. (2017). Bireylerin tatile yönelik finansal plan ve uygulamalari. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 41(41), 247-254. [CrossRef]
• Phua, V., & McNally, J. W. (2008). Men planning for retirement: Changing meanings of preretirement planning. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 27(5), 588-608. [CrossRef]
• Salignac, F., Hamilton, M., Noone, J., Marjolin, A. & Muir, K. (2020). Conceptualizing financial wellbeing: An ecological life-course approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 1581- 1602. [CrossRef]
• Stoiko, R. R., & Strough, J. (2019). His and her retirement: Effects of gender and familial caregiving profiles on retirement timing. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 89(2), 131-150. [CrossRef]
• Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H.,(2018), Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, (11th ed.), Ankara: Seçkin Pub