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Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 139 - 155, 01.03.2014

Hilal Çelik Oya Onat Kocabıyık

Öz

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of gender and cognitive emotion regulation on young adults’ aggression expression styles. This research was performed in accordance with the rational screening model. The sample comprised of 426 young adults (ages ranged from 18 to 33= M: 21.14 ve sd:2.02) were randomly selected from students studying at various departments of Marmara University. The “Personal Information Sheet” designed by the researcher, “Aggression Inventory” (AI) and “Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire” (CERQ) were used as data gathering tools. To analyze gathered data the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS–17) was utilized. In data analysis process, firstly Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were used to generate regression model thereafter sequential multiple regression was conducted to determine the best linear combination of gender and emotion regulation styles for predicting aggression expression styles. The result of data analysis demonstrated that young adults’ physical and verbal aggression expression styles were significantly explained by the combination of gender and cognitive emotion regulation. Further, it was found that cognitive emotion regulation solely predicted young adults’ impulsive aggression and avoidance

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aggression gender emotion regulation cognitive emotion regulation

Kaynakça

  • Allende, K., L. (2004). Relationships violence: women perpetrators. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, La Verne University, California.
  • Archer, J. (1991). The influence of testosterone on human aggression. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 1–28.
  • Aronson, E., Wilson, T.D. & Akert. R.B. (2005). Social psychology. Pearson Education International. Fifth Edition.
  • Barth, J. M. & Bastiani, A. (1997). A longitudinal study of emotion recognition and preschool children’s social behavior. Merrill–Palmer Quarterly, 43, 107–128.
  • Bem, S. L. (1974). Sex role adaptability: One consequence of psychological androgyny .Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 634-643.
  • Bem, S. L. (1984). Androgyny and gender schema theory: A conceptual and empirical integration. In T. B. Sonderegger (Eds.), Psychology and gender: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York: Academic Press.
  • Brehm, S. S. & Kassin, S. M. (1990). Social psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Burney, D. (2006). An investigation of anger styles in adolescent students. Florida A M University, 57, 1-2.
  • Can, S. (2002). Aggression Questionnaire adlı ölçeğin Türk popülasyonunda geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi, Psikiyatri Servisi, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Carlson, N. (1998). Physiology of behavior. (6th ed). Allyn and Bacon; Needham Heights, MA.
  • Christiansen, K. & Knussman, R. (1987). Androgen levels and components of aggressive behavior in men. Hormones and Behavior 21, 170-180.
  • Conway, A. M. (2005). Girls, aggression and emotion regulation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatr, 75; 2, 334-339.
  • Crick, N. R. & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
  • Crick, N. R. & Dodge, K. A. (1996). Social informationprocessing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67, 993–1002.
  • Çelik, H & Otrar, M. (2009). Saldırganlık envanterinin (aggression inventory) Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29, 101- 120.
  • Çelik, H. (2006). Üniversite birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin saldırganlık tepkileri ile bağlanma tarzları ve kişilerarası şemaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
  • Çelik, H. (2010). Bağlanma, saldırganlık ve şiddet. (İçinde) Bağlanma, Evlilik ve aile psikolojisi. Solmuş, T. (Ed) Sistem Yayıncılık İstanbul. S:402-413).
  • Davidson, R, J., Putman, K.M. & Larson, C.L. (2000). Dsyfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation- A possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591-594.
  • Demirhan, M. (2002). Kendini açma düzeyleri farkli genel lise öğrencilerinin bazi değişkenler açisindan saldirganlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Eskişehir.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Price, J. M.(1994). On the relation between social information processing and socially competent behavior in early school-aged children. Child Development, 65, 1385–1397.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Somberg, D. R. (1987). Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threat to the self. Child Development, 58, 213–224.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Crick, N. R. (1990). Social information processing bases of aggressive behavior in children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 53, 1146-1158.
  • Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Bachorowski, J. & Newman, J. P. (1990). Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385–392.
  • Donovan, B. T. (1985). Hormones and human behaviour. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Eisenberg, N. & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion and its regulation in early development: New directions for child development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Eisenberg, N. & Spinard, T. L. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development, 75, 334-339.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Nyman, M., Bernzweig, J., Bernzweig, J. & Pinuelas, A. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to children's anger-related reactions. Child Development, 65, 109-128.
  • Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T.L. & Smith, C.L. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: Its conceptualization, relations to social functioning, and socialization. P. Philippot ve R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The Regulation of Emotion (277-306). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Ersoy, Ş. (2001). Çocuk yuvasinda kalanlarla ailesiyle yaşayan dokuz onbir yaş grubundaki çocuklarin saldirganlik eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara.
  • Felsten, G. & Hill, V. (1999). Aggression questionnaire hostility scale predicts anger in response to mistreatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 87-97.
  • Fischer, A. H. & Manstead, A.S.R. (2004). Motives and norms underlying emotion regulation. P. Philippot ve R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The Regulation of Emotion (187-210). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1659–1669.
  • Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V. & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327.
  • Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij,V., Legerstee, J. & Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 267–276.
  • Gehlbach, L.,A.,N. (2000). The relation between emotional state, social cognition, and aggression in boys. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Southern Illinois University.
  • Giles, J. W. & Heyman, G. D. (2005). Young children's beliefs about the relationship between gender and aggressive behaviour. Child Development, 76, 107-121.
  • Gladue B. A., (1994). Measures for clinical practice: Asourcebook: Vol. 2 Adults (4th ed.). Fischer, J., & Corcoran, K. (Ed) New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldstein, S. E. & Tisak, M. S. (2004). Adolescents’ outcome expectancies about relational aggression within acquaintanceships, friendships, and dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 283–302.
  • Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Life-span human development. Orlando, FL: Holt,Rinehart, & Winston
  • Gross, J. J. & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergenr consequences for experience, expression and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237.
  • Gross, J.J. & Levenson, R.W. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 64, 6, 970-986.
  • Huesmann, L. R.(1987). An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 13-24
  • Ickes, W. (1993). Traditional gender roles: Do they make, and then break, ourrelationships? Journal of Social Issues, 49, 71-86
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatich Medicine, 55, 234–247.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Lochman, J. E. & Dodge, K. A. (1994). Social-cognitive processes of severely violent, moderately aggressive, and nonaggressive boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 366– 374.
  • Loeber, R. & Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood, Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410.
  • Lui, J. (2004). Childhood Externalizing Behavior: Theory and Implications. Jounal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 17, 3, 93-103.
  • Martin, R. C. & Dahlen, E. R. (2004). Irrational beliefs and the experience and expression of anger. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22, 3–20.
  • Martin, R. C. & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences 39, 1249–1260
  • Merrill, L. L., Thomsen, C. J., Crouch, J. L., May, P., Gold, S. R., & Milner, J. S. (2005). Predicting adult risk of child physical abuse from childhood exposure to violence: Can interpersonal schemata explain the association? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 981-1002.
  • Morris, C.G. (2002). Psikolojiyi anlamak. (Çev: Belgin Ayvaşık ve Melike Sayıl). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. No: 23.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The Role of Rumination in Depressive Disorders and Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 3, 504-511.
  • Olweus D, Mattsson A, Schalling D. & Low, H. (1980). Testosterone, aggression, physical and personality dimensions in normal adolescent males. Psychosomatic Medicine 42,253-269.
  • Olweus D. (1986). Aggression and hormones: Behavioral relationship with testosterone and adrenaline. In Olweus D, Block J, Radke-Yarrows M (eds): Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior. New York: Academic Press, pp 51-72.
  • Onat, O & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 123-143.
  • Prentice, D. A. & Carranza, E. (2002). What women should be, shouldn't be, are allowed to be, and don't have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26 (4), 269-28
  • Quiggle, N. L., Garber, J., Panak, W. F. & Dodge, K. A. (1992). Social information processing in aggressive and depressed children. Child Development, 63, 1305–1320.
  • Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Jounal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 4, 311-326.
  • Rey, L. & Extremera, N. (2012). Physical-verbal aggression and depression in adolescents: The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Universitas Psychologica, 11, 4, 1245-1254.
  • Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A. & Lagerspetz, K. (2000) Aggression and sociometric status among peers: Do gender and type of aggression matter? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41.
  • Scaramella T.,J, & Brown ,W.,A. (1978). Serum testosterone and aggressiveness in hockey players. Psychosomatic Medicine 40, 262-265.
  • Schultz, D., Izard, C., E. & Bear, G., (2004). Children’s emotion processing: Relations to emotionality and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 16 , 371–387.
  • Simon N., G. (1981). Hormones and human aggression: A comparative perspective. International Journal of Mental Health 10, 2,60-74.
  • Şenel, F. ( 2003). Beynin gizemi. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi. Yeni Ufuklara Eki. Ankara.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion Regulation: A theme in search of defination. In N. A. Fox, The Development of emotion regulation: Biological and Behavioral Consideration Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
  • Tok, Y. (2001). Cinsiyet rolleri ile ilgili farkli kalıp yargılara sahip üniversite öğrencilerinin saldırganlık düzeyleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
  • Vander Zanden, J. W. (1993). Human development. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 139 - 155, 01.03.2014

Hilal Çelik Oya Onat Kocabıyık

Öz

Bu çalışmada, genç yetişkinlerin bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzları ve cinsiyet özelliklerinin saldırganlık ifade tarzları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmış. Araştırma modeli olarak genel tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni Marmara Üniversitesi’nin farklı fakültelerinde öğrenim görmekte olan ve yaşları 18-33 arasında değişen toplam 426 genç yetişkinden oluşmaktadır. Örneklem seçilirken tesadüfî küme örnekleme yöntemi temel alınmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak, “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” “Saldırganlık Envanteri (SE)” ve “Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği (BDD)”kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi sürecinde SPSS-17 paket programından yararlanılmış olup ilk olarak regresyon modelini oluşturma amacıyla Pearson momentler çarpım korelasyon katsayısından yararlanılmıştır. Ardından cinsiyet ve duygu düzenleme tarzlarının birlikte saldırgan ifade biçimlerini yordayıp yordamadığını belirlemek için de eşzamanlı çoklu regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde cinsiyet ve bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzlarının birlikte fiziksel ve sözel saldırganlık üzerinde yordayıcı etkisinin olduğu, saldırganlıktan kaçınma ve dürtüsel saldırganlık ifade biçimlerinde ise yalnızca bilişsel duygu düzenleme tarzlarının yordayıcı bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Saldırganlık cinsiyet duygu düzenleme bilişsel duygu düzenleme

Kaynakça

  • Allende, K., L. (2004). Relationships violence: women perpetrators. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, La Verne University, California.
  • Archer, J. (1991). The influence of testosterone on human aggression. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 1–28.
  • Aronson, E., Wilson, T.D. & Akert. R.B. (2005). Social psychology. Pearson Education International. Fifth Edition.
  • Barth, J. M. & Bastiani, A. (1997). A longitudinal study of emotion recognition and preschool children’s social behavior. Merrill–Palmer Quarterly, 43, 107–128.
  • Bem, S. L. (1974). Sex role adaptability: One consequence of psychological androgyny .Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 634-643.
  • Bem, S. L. (1984). Androgyny and gender schema theory: A conceptual and empirical integration. In T. B. Sonderegger (Eds.), Psychology and gender: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. New York: Academic Press.
  • Brehm, S. S. & Kassin, S. M. (1990). Social psychology. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Burney, D. (2006). An investigation of anger styles in adolescent students. Florida A M University, 57, 1-2.
  • Can, S. (2002). Aggression Questionnaire adlı ölçeğin Türk popülasyonunda geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalişmasi. GATA Haydarpaşa Eğitim Hastanesi, Psikiyatri Servisi, Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Carlson, N. (1998). Physiology of behavior. (6th ed). Allyn and Bacon; Needham Heights, MA.
  • Christiansen, K. & Knussman, R. (1987). Androgen levels and components of aggressive behavior in men. Hormones and Behavior 21, 170-180.
  • Conway, A. M. (2005). Girls, aggression and emotion regulation. American Journal of Orthopsychiatr, 75; 2, 334-339.
  • Crick, N. R. & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 74-101.
  • Crick, N. R. & Dodge, K. A. (1996). Social informationprocessing mechanisms in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67, 993–1002.
  • Çelik, H & Otrar, M. (2009). Saldırganlık envanterinin (aggression inventory) Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29, 101- 120.
  • Çelik, H. (2006). Üniversite birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin saldırganlık tepkileri ile bağlanma tarzları ve kişilerarası şemaları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
  • Çelik, H. (2010). Bağlanma, saldırganlık ve şiddet. (İçinde) Bağlanma, Evlilik ve aile psikolojisi. Solmuş, T. (Ed) Sistem Yayıncılık İstanbul. S:402-413).
  • Davidson, R, J., Putman, K.M. & Larson, C.L. (2000). Dsyfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation- A possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591-594.
  • Demirhan, M. (2002). Kendini açma düzeyleri farkli genel lise öğrencilerinin bazi değişkenler açisindan saldirganlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi . Eskişehir.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Price, J. M.(1994). On the relation between social information processing and socially competent behavior in early school-aged children. Child Development, 65, 1385–1397.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Somberg, D. R. (1987). Hostile attributional biases among aggressive boys are exacerbated under conditions of threat to the self. Child Development, 58, 213–224.
  • Dodge, K. A. & Crick, N. R. (1990). Social information processing bases of aggressive behavior in children. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 53, 1146-1158.
  • Dodge, K. A., Price, J. M., Bachorowski, J. & Newman, J. P. (1990). Hostile attributional biases in severely aggressive adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 385–392.
  • Donovan, B. T. (1985). Hormones and human behaviour. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Eisenberg, N. & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion and its regulation in early development: New directions for child development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Eisenberg, N. & Spinard, T. L. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: Sharpening the definition. Child Development, 75, 334-339.
  • Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Nyman, M., Bernzweig, J., Bernzweig, J. & Pinuelas, A. (1994). The relations of emotionality and regulation to children's anger-related reactions. Child Development, 65, 109-128.
  • Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T.L. & Smith, C.L. (2004). Emotion-related regulation: Its conceptualization, relations to social functioning, and socialization. P. Philippot ve R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The Regulation of Emotion (277-306). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Ersoy, Ş. (2001). Çocuk yuvasinda kalanlarla ailesiyle yaşayan dokuz onbir yaş grubundaki çocuklarin saldirganlik eğilimlerinin incelenmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. Ankara.
  • Felsten, G. & Hill, V. (1999). Aggression questionnaire hostility scale predicts anger in response to mistreatment. Behavior Research and Therapy, 37, 87-97.
  • Fischer, A. H. & Manstead, A.S.R. (2004). Motives and norms underlying emotion regulation. P. Philippot ve R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The Regulation of Emotion (187-210). London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
  • Garnefski, N. & Kraaij, V. (2006). Relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: A comparative study of five specific samples. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1659–1669.
  • Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V. & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1311–1327.
  • Garnefski, N., Teerds, J., Kraaij,V., Legerstee, J. & Kommer, T. (2004). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms: differences between males and females. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 267–276.
  • Gehlbach, L.,A.,N. (2000). The relation between emotional state, social cognition, and aggression in boys. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Southern Illinois University.
  • Giles, J. W. & Heyman, G. D. (2005). Young children's beliefs about the relationship between gender and aggressive behaviour. Child Development, 76, 107-121.
  • Gladue B. A., (1994). Measures for clinical practice: Asourcebook: Vol. 2 Adults (4th ed.). Fischer, J., & Corcoran, K. (Ed) New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Goldstein, S. E. & Tisak, M. S. (2004). Adolescents’ outcome expectancies about relational aggression within acquaintanceships, friendships, and dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 27, 283–302.
  • Gormly, A. V., & Brodzinsky, D. M. (1993). Life-span human development. Orlando, FL: Holt,Rinehart, & Winston
  • Gross, J. J. & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 348-362.
  • Gross, J. J. (1998). Antecedent-and response-focused emotion regulation: Divergenr consequences for experience, expression and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 224-237.
  • Gross, J.J. & Levenson, R.W. (1993). Emotional suppression: Physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 64, 6, 970-986.
  • Huesmann, L. R.(1987). An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 13-24
  • Ickes, W. (1993). Traditional gender roles: Do they make, and then break, ourrelationships? Journal of Social Issues, 49, 71-86
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatich Medicine, 55, 234–247.
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Lochman, J. E. & Dodge, K. A. (1994). Social-cognitive processes of severely violent, moderately aggressive, and nonaggressive boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 366– 374.
  • Loeber, R. & Hay, D. (1997). Key issues in the development of aggression and violence from childhood to early adulthood, Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 371-410.
  • Lui, J. (2004). Childhood Externalizing Behavior: Theory and Implications. Jounal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 17, 3, 93-103.
  • Martin, R. C. & Dahlen, E. R. (2004). Irrational beliefs and the experience and expression of anger. Journal of Rational Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 22, 3–20.
  • Martin, R. C. & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences 39, 1249–1260
  • Merrill, L. L., Thomsen, C. J., Crouch, J. L., May, P., Gold, S. R., & Milner, J. S. (2005). Predicting adult risk of child physical abuse from childhood exposure to violence: Can interpersonal schemata explain the association? Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 981-1002.
  • Morris, C.G. (2002). Psikolojiyi anlamak. (Çev: Belgin Ayvaşık ve Melike Sayıl). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. No: 23.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The Role of Rumination in Depressive Disorders and Mixed Anxiety/Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 3, 504-511.
  • Olweus D, Mattsson A, Schalling D. & Low, H. (1980). Testosterone, aggression, physical and personality dimensions in normal adolescent males. Psychosomatic Medicine 42,253-269.
  • Olweus D. (1986). Aggression and hormones: Behavioral relationship with testosterone and adrenaline. In Olweus D, Block J, Radke-Yarrows M (eds): Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior. New York: Academic Press, pp 51-72.
  • Onat, O & Otrar, M. (2010). Bilişsel duygu düzenleme ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 31, 123-143.
  • Prentice, D. A. & Carranza, E. (2002). What women should be, shouldn't be, are allowed to be, and don't have to be: The contents of prescriptive gender stereotypes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26 (4), 269-28
  • Quiggle, N. L., Garber, J., Panak, W. F. & Dodge, K. A. (1992). Social information processing in aggressive and depressed children. Child Development, 63, 1305–1320.
  • Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: A review. Jounal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 30, 4, 311-326.
  • Rey, L. & Extremera, N. (2012). Physical-verbal aggression and depression in adolescents: The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Universitas Psychologica, 11, 4, 1245-1254.
  • Salmivalli, C., Kaukiainen, A. & Lagerspetz, K. (2000) Aggression and sociometric status among peers: Do gender and type of aggression matter? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41.
  • Scaramella T.,J, & Brown ,W.,A. (1978). Serum testosterone and aggressiveness in hockey players. Psychosomatic Medicine 40, 262-265.
  • Schultz, D., Izard, C., E. & Bear, G., (2004). Children’s emotion processing: Relations to emotionality and aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 16 , 371–387.
  • Simon N., G. (1981). Hormones and human aggression: A comparative perspective. International Journal of Mental Health 10, 2,60-74.
  • Şenel, F. ( 2003). Beynin gizemi. Bilim ve Teknik Dergisi. Yeni Ufuklara Eki. Ankara.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1991). Emotional regulation and emotional development. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 269-307.
  • Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion Regulation: A theme in search of defination. In N. A. Fox, The Development of emotion regulation: Biological and Behavioral Consideration Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 25-52.
  • Tok, Y. (2001). Cinsiyet rolleri ile ilgili farkli kalıp yargılara sahip üniversite öğrencilerinin saldırganlık düzeyleri. Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara.
  • Vander Zanden, J. W. (1993). Human development. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hilal Çelik Bu kişi benim

Oya Onat Kocabıyık Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, H., & Kocabıyık, O. O. (2014). Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 139-155.
AMA Çelik H, Kocabıyık OO. Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. Mart 2014;4(1):139-155.
Chicago Çelik, Hilal, ve Oya Onat Kocabıyık. “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet Ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 4, sy. 1 (Mart 2014): 139-55.
EndNote Çelik H, Kocabıyık OO (01 Mart 2014) Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 4 1 139–155.
IEEE H. Çelik ve O. O. Kocabıyık, “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”, Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 139–155, 2014.
ISNAD Çelik, Hilal - Kocabıyık, Oya Onat. “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet Ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 4/1 (Mart 2014), 139-155.
JAMA Çelik H, Kocabıyık OO. Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;4:139–155.
MLA Çelik, Hilal ve Oya Onat Kocabıyık. “Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet Ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi”. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 4, sy. 1, 2014, ss. 139-55.
Vancouver Çelik H, Kocabıyık OO. Genç Yetişkinlerin Saldırganlık İfade Biçimlerinin Cinsiyet ve Bilişsel Duygu Düzenleme Tarzları Bağlamında İncelenmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2014;4(1):139-55.


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