Ayrık Denemelerle Öğretim Yapılırken Kullanılan Hata Düzeltmesi Türleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 28 - 56, 30.12.2019

Şerife Yücesoy Özkan , Dilara Ecem Altun

https://doi.org/10.37233/TRSPED.2019.0102

Öz

Discrete trial
training is an effective intervention commonly used in teaching different
skills to children with developmental disabilities. It aims to increase the
correct responses using prompts, reinforcements, and error correction
strategies. One of the main components of the discrete trial training is error
correction, which aims to reduce errors in the future by correcting errors. In
error correction, the instructor corrects the child’s error using different
strategies immediately after the child makes a mistake during training. There
are several types of error correction strategies commonly used in discrete
trial training; (a) vocal feedback or error statement, (b) a brief time-out,
(c) a model for the correct response, (d) single response repetition/active
student response, (e) multi-response repetition/repeated response, (f)
re-present until independent, (g) remove and re-present, and (h) the combination
of the strategies. The purpose of this study is to provide a brief overview of
discrete trial training, to explain the error correction procedures and their
importance, to introduce the types of error correction strategies used in
discrete trial training, to conceptualize error correction strategies through
flowcharts, to explain how to use error correction strategies, and to inform
about the error correction literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayrık denemelerle öğretim, hata, hata düzeltmesi

Ayrık Denemelerle Öğretim Yapılırken Kullanılan Hata Düzeltmesi Türleri

Öz

Gelişimsel
yetersizliği olan çocuklara farklı becerilerin öğretiminde yaygın olarak
kullanılan ayrık denemelerle öğretim, ipuçlarını kullanarak doğru tepkileri
artırmayı amaçlayan, doğru tepkilerin pekiştirilmesini ve yanlış tepkilerin
düzeltilmesini içeren etkili bir uygulamadır. Ayrık denemelerle öğretimin temel
bileşenlerinden biri, hataları düzelterek ileride bu hataların sergilenmesini
azaltmayı amaçlayan hata düzeltmesidir. Hata düzeltmesi, öğretim sırasında
çocuğun hata yapmasının hemen ardından, uygulamacının farklı şekillerde çocuğun
hatasını düzeltmesidir. Ayrık denemelerle öğretimde hata düzeltmesi, farklı
şekillerde gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bunlardan bazıları; sözel geribildirim
ya da hata ifadesi, kısa süreli mola, doğru tepki için model olma, tek tepki
tekrarı/aktif öğrenci tepkisi, çok tepki tekrarı/tekrarlanan tepki,
bağımsızlaşana kadar tekrar sunma, deneme tekrarı ve türlerin bir arada
kullanımıdır. Derleme biçiminde hazırlanan bu makalenin amacı uygulamacılara,
ayrık denemelerle öğretim hakkında kısa bir bilgilendirme yapmak ve bir bileşen
olarak hata düzeltmesinin ne olduğunu ve neden önemli olduğunu açıklamaktır.
Ayrıca ayrık denemelerle öğretim yaparken sıklıkla kullanılan hata düzeltmesi
türlerini tanıtmak, hata düzeltmesi türlerini akış şemaları yoluyla
kavramsallaştırmak, hata düzeltmesi türlerinin nasıl kullanılacağını örneklerle
anlatmak ve bu hata düzeltmesi türlerini kullanarak gerçekleştirilen
araştırmalar konusunda bilgilendirme yapmaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayrık denemelerle öğretim, hata, hata düzeltmesi

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