Gençlerin Sosyal Medya Etkileşimi ve Dijital Dayanıklılığının İncelenmesi

Öz

Gençlerin sosyal medya platformlarını kullanımı, kimlik gelişimleri ve tercihler üzerinde hem olumlu hem de olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışma, gençlerin sosyal medyadaki riskleri ve etkileşimleri nasıl yönettiklerini incelemekte; özellikle kimlik oluşumu ve duygusal iyi oluşla ilişkili olarak dayanıklılık geliştirme süreçlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 22’si kadın ve 18’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 40 gençle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış ve veriler tematik analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları üç ana tema ortaya koymuştur: (a) sosyal medyanın etkilerini fark etme, (b) duygusal ve ilişkisel zorluklarla başa çıkma ve (c) dijital tacizle baş etme ve duygusal onay arayışı. Bulgular, gençlerin sosyal medyadan ilişkilerinde yarar sağlarken, kabul edilme veya dışlanma duygularına bağlı olarak duygusal gelişimlerinin dalgalanabildiğini göstermektedir. Sosyal medyanın çeşitli etkileriyle başa çıkmak için politika yapıcıların, gençlerin dijital dayanıklılık becerilerini geliştirmelerine yardımcı olacak güvenlik önlemlerini uygulamaları gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : Dijital dayanıklılık
• doyumlar
• sosyal medya
• gençler
• tercihler

Exploring Young People's Social Media Engagement and Digital Resilience

Öz

Young people’s use of social media platforms has both positive and negative effects on their identity development and preferences. This study examines how young people navigate social media risks and engagement, focusing on the development of resilience in relation to identity formation and emotional well-being. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 young people (22 women and 18 men), and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The research results identified three main themes: (a) recognizing the effects of social media, (b) navigating emotional and relational challenges and (c) coping with digital harassment and seeking emotional validation. The results show that while young people benefit from social media in their relationships, their emotional development can fluctuate based on feelings of acceptance or exclusion. To address the diverse impacts of social media, policymakers must implement safety measures to help young people build digital resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Digital resilience
• gratifications
• social media
• youths
• preferences

Destekleyen Kurum

Bartın University

Etik Beyan

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Bartın University (ref: 2024-SBB-0103).

Teşekkür

We would like to thank all participants involved in this study. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Fatma Uyanık, Şeyma Yaman and Yağmur Kılınçarslan for their valuable assistance with data collection.

Kaynakça

1. REFERENCES Alt, D. (2015). College students’ academic motivation, media engagement and fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.057
2. Arroyo, A., & Brunner, S. R. (2016). Negative body talk as an outcome of friends’ fitness posts on social networking sites: Body surveillance and social comparison as potential moderators 44(3),. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 44(3), 216–235.
3. Ayar, D., Gerçeker, G. O., Ozdemir, E. Z., & Bektaş, M. (2018). The effect of problematic internet use, social appearance anxiety, and social media use on nursing students’ nomophobia levels. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing, 36(12), 589–595.
4. Balcı, Ş., & Baloğlu, E. (2018). Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ile Depresyon Arasındaki İlişki: “Üniversite Gençliği Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması.” Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişm Dergisi. https://doi.org/10.16878/gsuilet.500860
5. Barry, C., Britten, N., Barber, N., Bradley, C., & Stevenson, F. (1999). Using reflexivity to optimize teamwork in qualitative research. Qualitative Health Research, 9(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/104973299129121677
6. Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2014.03.001
7. Binark, M., & Günseli, B. (2013). Yeni Medya ve Etik. Kalkedon Yayıncılık.
8. Bloomberg, L. D., & Volpe, M. (2014). Presenting methodology and research approach. In Completing your qualitative dissertation: A roadmap from beginning to end. SAGE Publications.

9. Boursier, V., Gioia, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Do selfie-expectancies and social appearance anxiety predict adolescents’ problematic social media use? Computers in Human Behavior, 110.
10. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
11. Britten, N. (1995). Qualitative interviews in medical research. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 311(6999), 251–253. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6999.251
12. Caner, N., Efe, Y. S., & Başdaş, Ö. (2022). The contribution of social media addiction to adolescent LIFE: Social appearance anxiety. Current Psychology, 1–10.
13. Chae, J. (2017). Virtual makeover: Selfie-taking and social media use increase selfieediting frequency through social comparison. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 370–376.
14. Cheng, C., Lau, Y. C., Chan, L., & Luk, J. W. (2021). Prevalence of social media addiction across 32 nations: Meta-analysis with subgroup analysis of classification schemes and and cultural values. Addictive Behaviors, 117.
15. Choukas-Bradley, S., Nesi, J., Widman, L., & Galla, B. M. (2020). The appearance-related social media consciousness scale: Development and validation with adolescents. Body Image, 33, 164–174.
16. Chua, T. H. H., & Chang, L. (2016). Follow me and like my beautiful selfies: Singapore teenage girls’ engagement in self-presentation and peer comparison on social media 55,. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 190–197.
17. Cinelli, M., De Francisci Morales, G., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2021). The echo chamber effect on social media. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 118(9), e2023301118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023301118
18. Çimke, S., & Yıldırım Gürkan, D. (2023). Factors affecting body image perception, social media addiction, and social media consciousness regarding physical appearance in adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 73, e197–e203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.09.010
19. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
20. Davis, K. (2013). Young people’s digital lives: The impact of interpersonal relationships and digital media use on adolescents’ sense of identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2281–2293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.022
21. Dutt, B. (2023). Social media wellbeing: Perceived wellbeing amidst social media use in Norway. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 7(1), 100436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100436
22. Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R., & Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BODYIM.2014.12.002
23. Hammond, S. P., Polizzi, G., & Bartholomew, K. J. (2023). Using a socio-ecological framework to understand how 8–12-year-olds build and show digital resilience: A multi- perspective and multimethod qualitative study. Education and Information Technologies, 28, 3681–3709.
24. Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1973). Uses and Gratifications Research. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 37(4), 509–523. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845263557
25. Keles, B., McCrae, N., & Grealish, A. (2020). A systematic review: the influence of social media on depression, anxiety and psychological distress in adolescents. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1590851
26. Kemp, S. (2022). Digital 2022: Global overview report. https://datareportal.com/repo rts/digital-2022-global-overview-report
27. Kırık, A., Arslan, A., Çetinkaya, A., & Gül, M. (2015). A Quantitative Research on the Level of Social Media Addiction among Young People in Turkey. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 3(3), 108–122. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS444
28. Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., … Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
29. Lin, H., Tov, W., & Qiu, L. (2014). Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Emotional disclosure on social networking sites : The role of network structure and psychological needs Computers in Human Behavior Emotional disclosure on social networking sites : The role of ne. N Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 342–350.
30. Marwick, A. E., & boyd, d. (2011). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810365313
31. Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
32. Meier, E. P., & Gray, J. (2014). Facebook photo activity associated with body image disturbance in adolescent girls. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 17(4), 199–206.
33. Monacis, L., de Palo, V., Griffiths, M. D., & Sinatra, M. (2017). Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 178–186.
34. Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook? Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 243–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
35. Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitive approaches ((7th Editi). Pearson Education Limited.
36. Saiphoo, A. N., & Vahedi, Z. (2019). A meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media use and body image disturbance. Computers in Human Behavior, 101, 259–275.
37. Şener, S., & Yiğit, B. N. (2021). Sosyal Medyanin Gençleri̇n Düşünce ve Değerleri̇n Etki̇si̇. Academic Platform, 5(3), 529–553.
38. Sun, H., Yuan, C., Qian, Q., He, S., & Luo, Q. (2022). Digital Resilience Among Individuals in School Education Settings: A Concept Analysis Based on a Scoping Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.858515
39. Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive Behaviors, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106699
40. Świątek, A. H., Szcześniak, M., & Bielecka, G. (2021). Trait Anxiety and Social Media Fatigue: Fear of Missing Out as a Mediator. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1499. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S319379
41. Turel, O., & Serenko, A. (2012). The benefits and dangers of enjoyment with social networking websites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(5), 512–528. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2012.1.
42. UKCIS (UK Council for Internet Safety). (2020). Digital Resilience Framework: A framework and tool for organisations, communities and groups to help people build resilience in their digital life. London,UK:UKCIS. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/831217/UKCIS_Digital_Resilience_Framework.pdf
43. Vissenberg, J., & D’Haenens, L. (2020). Protecting Youths’ Wellbeing Online: Studying the Associations between Opportunities, Risks, and Resilience. Media and Communication, 8(2), 175–184.
44. Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047