Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

A Review About Effects of Child Sexual Abuse on Adulthood

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 647 - 676, 27.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.727426

Öz

In this study, in order to examine the long-term effects of child sexual abuse (CSA) reflected on adulthood, a review was made by examining the studies on the subject. In light of the reviewed information, social work practices that can be done are discussed.
Accordingly, the effects of CSA on adulthood are divided into themes as psychological distress and psychological disorders, being exposed to another sexual assault in adulthood, health problems, being exposed to spousal violence or doing violence against spouse and effects on adult roles.
Accordingly, CSA with its traumatic effects causes many problems in adulthood. These problems create a complicated situation by interacting with the factors affecting them and with each other. For this, it is necessary to evaluate CSA from a multi-faceted perspective, which is based on a non-reductionist, scientific and bio-psycho-social perspective. In terms of social work on the subject, studies should be carried out to help reveal CSA, empower individuals exposed to CSA and change the socio-cultural factors that are effective in the emergence of CSA.

Kaynakça

  • Aakvaag, H. F., Thoresen, S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Dyb, G., Røysamb, E. ve Olff, M. (2016). Broken and guilty since it happened: A population study of trauma-related shame and guilt after violence and sexual abuse. Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.004.
  • Abajobir, A. A., Kisely, S., Maravilla, J. C., Williams, G. ve Najman, J. M. (2017). Gender differences in the Association between childhood sexual abuse and risky sexual behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.023.
  • Alaggia, R. (2005). Disclosing the Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse: A Gender Analysis. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 10(5), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020500193895.
  • Alami, K. M. ve Kadri, N. (2004). Moroccan women with a history of child sexual abuse and its long-term repercussions: A population-based epidemiological study. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 7(4), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-004-0061-9
  • Amado, B. G., Arce, R. ve Herraiz, A. (2015). Psychological injury in victims of child sexual abuse: A meta-analytic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 24(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2015.03.002.
  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. (5. edisyon). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bagley, C. & King, K. (1990). Child sexual abuse the search for healing. London: Routledge.
  • Banyard, V. L. ve Williams, L. M. (1996). Characteristics of child sexual abuse as correlates of women’s adjustment: A prospective study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 58(4), 853–865. https://doi.org/10.2307/353975.
  • Bidarra, Z. S., Lessard, G. ve Dumont, A. (2016). Co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and child sexual abuse: Prevalence, risk factors and related issues. Child Abuse & Neglect, 55, 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.03.007.
  • Bolen, R. M. (2003). Child Sexual Abuse: Prevention or Promotion? Social Work, 48(2), 174–185. doi:10.1093/sw/48.2.174
  • Bonomi, A. E., Cannon, E. A., Anderson, M. L., Rivara, F. P. ve Thompson, R. S. (2008). Association between self-reported health and physical and/or sexual abuse experienced before age 18. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(7), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.10.004
  • Bramblett, J. R., Jr ve Darling, C. A. (1997). Sexual contacts: experiences, thoughts, and fantasies of adult male survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal Of Sex & Marital Therapy, 23(4), 305–316.
  • Cantón-Cortés, D. ve Cantón, J. (2010). Coping with child sexual abuse among college students and post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of continuity of abuse and relationship with the perpetrator. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(7), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.11.004
  • Cantón-Cortés, D., Cantón, J. ve Cortés, M. R. (2016). Emotional security in the family system and psychological distress in female survivors of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.005.
  • Cantón-Cortés, D., Cortés, M. R. & Cantón, J. (2012). The role of traumagenic dynamics on the psychological adjustment of survivors of child sexual abuse. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(6), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.660789
  • Celik, G., Tahiroğlu, A., Yoruldu, B., Varmiş, D., Çekin, N., Avci, A., … Nasiroğlu, S. (2018). Recantation of sexual abuse disclosure among child victims: accommodation syndrome. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 612–621. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1477216
  • Conte, J. R., & Berliner, L. (1981). Sexual abuse of children: implications for practice. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 62(10), 601–606. doi:10.1177/104438948106201004
  • Cuadra, L. E., Jaffe, A. E., Thomas, R. ve DiLillo, D. (2014). Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the Association? Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1399–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.005
  • Cutajar, M. C., Mullen, P. E., Ogloff, J.R.P., Thomas, S.D., Wells, D.L. ve Spataro, J. (2010). Psychopathology in a large cohort of sexually abused children followed up to 43 years. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(11), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.04.004.
  • Daigneault, I., Hébert, M. ve McDuff, P. (2009). Men’s and women’s childhood sexual abuse and victimization in adult partner relationships: A study of risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(9), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.04.003
  • De Jong, R., Alink, L., Bijleveld, C., Finkenauer, C. ve Hendriks, J. (2015). Transition to adulthood of child sexual abuse victims. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 24, 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.04.012.
  • DiLillo, D. ve Long, P. J. (1999). Perceptions of couple functioning among female survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 7(4), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v07n04_05
  • Duncan, K.A. (2004).Healing from the trauma of childhood sexual abuse: the journey for women. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group
  • Duncan, L. E. ve Williams, L. M. (1998). Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. Sex Roles, 39 (9–10), 765–785.
  • Easton, S. D. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse Among Adult Male Survivors. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(4):344-355. DOI: 10.1007/s10615-012-0420-3.
  • Elklit, A., Christiansen, D.M., Palic, S., Karsberg, S. ve Eriksen, S.B. (2014).Impact of Traumatic Events on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Danish Survivors of Sexual Abuse in Childhood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(8),918-934. DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2014.964440.
  • Fergus, L., Xavier, C., Aurelio, T. ve Keith, H. (1998). Child sexual abuse in women who take overdoses: II. Risk factors and Associations. Archives of Suicide Research, (4), 307.
  • Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F. H. ve Horwood, L. J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.013
  • Finkelhor, D. ve Browne, A. (1985). The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55(4), 530-541.DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02703.x.
  • Fitzgerald, M, M. & Cohen, J. (2012). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. Goodyear-Brown, P. (Ed.) Handbook of child sexual abuse identification, assessment and treatment (s.199-228) içinde. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Fleming, J., Mullen, P. E., Sibthorpe, B. ve Bammer, G. (1999). The long-term impact of childhood sexual abuse in Australian women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00118-5.
  • Frías, M. T.,, Brassard, A. ve Shaver, P. R. (2014). Childhood sexual abuse and attachment insecurities as predictors of women’s own and perceived-partner extradyadic involvement. Child Abuse & Neglect, (38), 1450–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.009.
  • Gilligan, P. & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in asian communities: listening to what women say. The British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361-1377.
  • Green Bartoi, M. ve Kinder, B. N. (1998). Effects of child and adult sexual abuse on adult sexuality. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 24(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239808404921
  • GullBritt, R., Barbro, R. ve Karin C., R. (2013). Psychological distress among women who were sexually abused as children. International Journal of Social Welfare, 22(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2012.00898.x
  • Herman, J. ( 2011). Travma ve iyileşme şiddetin sonuçları ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Hyman, B. (2000). The economic consequences of child sexual abuse for adult lesbian women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(1), 199-211.
  • Izdebska, A. (2020). Personality disorders in adult female child sexual abuse survivors: dimensions of personality pathology and characteristics of abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-30. doi:10.1177/0886260520903136
  • Jakubczyk, A., Klimkiewicz, A., Krasowska, A., Kopera, M., Sławińska-Ceran, A., Brower, K. J. ve Wojnar, M. (2014). History of sexual abuse and suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(9), 1560–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.010
  • Jennings, W. G., Richards, T. N., Tomsich, E. ve Gover, A. R. (2015). Investigating the role of child sexual abuse in ıntimate partner violence victimization and perpetration in young adulthood from a propensity score matching approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(6), 659–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1057665
  • Johnson, D. M., Sheahan, T. C. ve Chard, K. M. (2003). Personality disorders, coping strategies, and posttraumatic stress disorder in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 12(2), 19–39.
  • Jonzon, E. ve Lindblad, F. (2006). Risk factors and protective factors in relation to subjective health among adult female victims of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.08.014.
  • Kim, J., Talbot, N. L. ve Cicchetti, D. (2009). Childhood abuse and current ınterpersonal conflict: the role of shame. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(6), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.10.003.
  • Labadie, C., Godbout, N., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P. ve Sabourin, S. (2018). Adult profiles of child sexual abuse survivors: Attachment insecurity, sexual compulsivity, and sexual avoidance. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44 (4), 354-369, DOI:10.1080/0092623X.2017.1405302
  • Lacelle, C., Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., Vitaro, F. ve Tremblay, R. E. (2012). Sexual health in women reporting a history of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.10.011
  • Lee, J. O., Herrenkohl, T. I., Jung, H., Skinner, M. L. ve Klika, J. B. (2015). Longitudinal examination of peer and partner influences on gender-specific pathways from child abuse to adult crime. Child Abuse & Neglect, 47, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.012
  • Levenkron, S. ve Levenkron. A. (2013). Çalınan yarınlar kadınların çocukken uğradığı cinsel istismarı anlamak ve tedavi etmek. İstanbul: Paloma Yayınevi.
  • Lev-wiesel, R. (2000). Quality of life in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse who have undergone therapy. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v09n01_01
  • Lev-Wiesel, R., Daphna-Tekoah, S. ve Hallak, M. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of birth-related posttraumatic stress and postpartum posttraumatic stress. Child Abuse & Neglect. 33(12), 877-887. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.004.
  • López, S., Faro, C., Lopetegui, L., Pujol-Ribera, E., Monteagudo, M., Avecilla-Palau, À., Martínez, C., Cobo, J. ve Fernández, M.-I. (2017). Child and adolescent sexual abuse in women seeking help for sexual and reproductive mental health problems: prevalence, characteristics, and disclosure. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(3), 246–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2017.1288186
  • Mele, M. (2009). Assisting female victims of intimate partner violence: the role of victim advocates. Maschi,T.,Bradley, C., Ward, K. (Eds). Forensic social work psychosocial and legal issues in diverse practice settings (s. 95-105) içinde. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Mendoza-Meléndez, M. Á., Cepeda, A., Frankeberger, J., López-Macario, M. ve Valdez, A. (2018). History of child sexual abuse among women consuming illicit substances in Mexico City. Journal Of Substance Use, 23(5), 520–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2018.1489478
  • Messman-Moore, T. ve Brown, A. (2004). Child maltreatment and perceived family environment as risk factors for adult rape: is child sexual abuse the most salient experience? Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(10), 1019–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.05.003.
  • Modestin, J., Furrer, R. ve Malti, T. (2005). Different traumatic experiences are asso Cİ’ated with different pathologies. Psychiatric Quarterly, 76(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-005-5578-y
  • Musliner, K. L. ve Singer, J. B. (2014). Emotional support and adult depression in survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1331–1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.016
  • Nunes, K. L., Hermann, C. A., Renee Malcom, J. ve Lavoie, K. (2013). Childhood sexual victimization, pedophilic interest, and sexual recidivism. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), 703–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.008
  • O'hagan, K. (1988). Child sexual abuse: A social work categorization, Practice, 2:2, 176-183, DOI: 10.1080/09503158808416992
  • O'Leary P. J. (2009). Men who were sexually abused in childhood: Coping strategies and comparisons in psychological functioning. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(7), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.02.004
  • Owens, G. P. ve Chard, K. M. (2003). Comorbidity and psychiatric diagnoses among women reporting child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(9), 1075-1082. DOI: 10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00168-6.
  • Pardeck, J.T. (1996). Social work practice : an ecological approach. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Pérez-Fuentes, G., Olfson, M., Villegas, L., Morcillo, C., Wang, S. ve Blanco, C. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: a national study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.05.010
  • Peterson, Z. D. Janssen, E.,, Goodrich, D., Heiman, J. R., Fortenberry, J. D. ve Hensel, D. J. (2018). Child sexual abuse and negative affect as shared risk factors for sexual aggression and sexual hıv risk behavior in heterosexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(2), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1079-1
  • Plunkett, A., O'Toole, B., Swanston, H., Oates, R. K., Shrimpton, S. ve Parkinson, P. (2001). Suicide risk following child sexual abuse. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 1(5):262-266. DOI: 10.1367/1539-4409(2001)001<0262:SRFCSA>2.0.CO;2
  • Polat, O. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı 2: Önleme ve rehabilitasyon. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ressel, M., Lyons, J. ve Romano, E. (2018). Abuse characteristics, multiple victimisation and resilience among young adult males with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 27(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2508
  • Risser, H. J., Thomsen, C. J., McCanne, T. R. ve Hetzel-Riggin. (2006). PTSD as a mediator of sexual revictimization: The role of reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(5), 687–698. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20156
  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Appel, M., Kaplan, T. ve Pelcovitz, D. (2018). Childhood sexual abuse, mental health, and religion across the Jewish community. Child Abuse and Neglect, 81, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.011.
  • Sacco, M. L. ve Farber, B. A. (1999). Reality testing in adult women who report childhood sexual and physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11):1193-1203. DOI: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00077-0.
  • Sanderson, C. (2006). Counselling adult survivors of child sexual abuse (3. edisyon). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Steel, J., Sanna, L., Hammond, B., Whipple, J. ve Cross, H. (2004). Psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: abuse-related characteristics, coping strategies, and attributional style. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.12.004
  • Steine, I. M., Winje, D., Krystal, J. H., Bjorvatn, B., Milde, A. M., Grønli, J., Nordhus, I. H., Pallesen, S. (2017). Cumulative childhood maltreatment and its dose-response relation with adult symptomatology: Findings in a sample of adult survivors of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, (65), 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.008
  • Stiller, A., & Hellmann, D. F. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: consequences, needs, and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 23(3), 251–265. doi:10.1080/13552600.2017.1318964
  • Thakkar, R. ve McCanne, T. (2000). The effects of daily stressors on physical health in women with and without a childhood history of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(2), 209–221.
  • Thakkar, R., Gutierrez, P., Kuczen, C. ve McCanne, T. (2000). History of physical and/or sexual abuse and current sui Cİ’dality in college women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(10), 1345–1354.
  • Topçu, S. (2009). Cinsel istismar. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Turner, S., Taillieu, T., Cheung, K. ve Afifi, T. O. (2017). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes among males: Results from a nationally representative United States sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 66, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.018.
  • Ullman, S. E. (2007). Relationship to perpetrator, disclosure, social reactions, and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 16(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v16n01_02
  • Ullman, S. E. ve Filipas, H. H. (2005). Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse survivors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(7), 767–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.01.005
  • Ullman, S. E. ve Vasquez, A. L. (2015). Prevalence and revictimization research for victims of child sexual abuse mediators of sexual revictimization risk in adult sexual assault victims. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(3), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1006748
  • UNICEF (2007). Çocuklara yönelik şiddetin ortadan kaldırılması: Parlamenterler için el kitabı. Fransa: Sadag S.A.
  • VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2015). APA dictionary of psychology (2. edition). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Van Der Kolk, B. A. (2018). Beden kayıt tutar travmanın iyileşmesinde beyin zihin ve beden. Ankara: Nobel yaşam yayıncılık
  • Van Roode, T., Dickson, N., Herbison, P. ve Paul, C. (2009). Child sexual abuse and persistence of risky sexual behaviors and negative sexual outcomes over adulthood: Findings from a birth cohort. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(3), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.09.006
  • WHO. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Haziran 2019.
  • Xavier, C., Fergus, L., Aurelio, T. ve Hawton, K. (1998). Child sexual abuse in women who take overdoses: I. A study of prevalence and severity. Archives of Suicide Research, 4(4), 291-306.
  • Yoshihama, M. ve Horrocks, J. (2010). Risk of intimate partner violence: Role of childhood sexual abuse and sexual initiation in women in Japan. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.013.

Çocuğa Yönelik Cinsel İstismarın Yetişkinlik Dönemindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir Derleme

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2, 647 - 676, 27.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.727426

Öz

Bu çalışmada çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarın yetişkinlik dönemine yansıyan uzun süreli etkilerini incelemek için, konuyla ilgili yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek bir derleme yapılmıştır. Gözden geçirilen bilgiler ışığında, yapılabilecek sosyal hizmet uygulamaları tartışılmıştır.
Buna göre çocuğa yönelik cinsel istismarın yetişkinlik dönemine etkileri; ruhsal sorunlar ve ruh hastalıkları, yetişkinlikte bir daha cinsel saldırıya maruz bırakılma, sağlık sorunları, eş şiddetine maruz bırakılma veya eşe şiddet uygulama ve yetişkinlik rolleri üzerindeki etkiler olarak temalara ayrılmıştır.
Buna göre cinsel istismar travmatik etkileriyle, yetişkinlik yaşamında birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Bu sorunlar, kendilerini etkileyen etmenlerle ve birbiriyle etkileşime geçerek karmaşık bir durum oluşturmaktadır. Bunun için, cinsel istismarı, indirgemeci olmayan, bilimsel ve bio-psiko-sosyal perspektife dayanan, çok yönlü bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirmek gerekmektedir. Konuyla ilgili sosyal hizmet açısından ise cinsel istismarın ortaya çıkarılmasına yardımcı olacak, cinsel istismara maruz bırakılan bireyleri güçlendirecek, cinsel istismarın ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan sosyo-kültürel etmenlerin değişimini sağlayacak çalışmalar yapmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Aakvaag, H. F., Thoresen, S., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Dyb, G., Røysamb, E. ve Olff, M. (2016). Broken and guilty since it happened: A population study of trauma-related shame and guilt after violence and sexual abuse. Journal of Affective Disorders, 204, 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.004.
  • Abajobir, A. A., Kisely, S., Maravilla, J. C., Williams, G. ve Najman, J. M. (2017). Gender differences in the Association between childhood sexual abuse and risky sexual behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 63, 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.023.
  • Alaggia, R. (2005). Disclosing the Trauma of Child Sexual Abuse: A Gender Analysis. Journal of Loss & Trauma, 10(5), 453–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020500193895.
  • Alami, K. M. ve Kadri, N. (2004). Moroccan women with a history of child sexual abuse and its long-term repercussions: A population-based epidemiological study. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 7(4), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-004-0061-9
  • Amado, B. G., Arce, R. ve Herraiz, A. (2015). Psychological injury in victims of child sexual abuse: A meta-analytic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 24(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2015.03.002.
  • APA. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. (5. edisyon). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Bagley, C. & King, K. (1990). Child sexual abuse the search for healing. London: Routledge.
  • Banyard, V. L. ve Williams, L. M. (1996). Characteristics of child sexual abuse as correlates of women’s adjustment: A prospective study. Journal of Marriage and Family, 58(4), 853–865. https://doi.org/10.2307/353975.
  • Bidarra, Z. S., Lessard, G. ve Dumont, A. (2016). Co-occurrence of intimate partner violence and child sexual abuse: Prevalence, risk factors and related issues. Child Abuse & Neglect, 55, 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.03.007.
  • Bolen, R. M. (2003). Child Sexual Abuse: Prevention or Promotion? Social Work, 48(2), 174–185. doi:10.1093/sw/48.2.174
  • Bonomi, A. E., Cannon, E. A., Anderson, M. L., Rivara, F. P. ve Thompson, R. S. (2008). Association between self-reported health and physical and/or sexual abuse experienced before age 18. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(7), 693–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.10.004
  • Bramblett, J. R., Jr ve Darling, C. A. (1997). Sexual contacts: experiences, thoughts, and fantasies of adult male survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal Of Sex & Marital Therapy, 23(4), 305–316.
  • Cantón-Cortés, D. ve Cantón, J. (2010). Coping with child sexual abuse among college students and post-traumatic stress disorder: The role of continuity of abuse and relationship with the perpetrator. Child Abuse and Neglect, 34(7), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.11.004
  • Cantón-Cortés, D., Cantón, J. ve Cortés, M. R. (2016). Emotional security in the family system and psychological distress in female survivors of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.005.
  • Cantón-Cortés, D., Cortés, M. R. & Cantón, J. (2012). The role of traumagenic dynamics on the psychological adjustment of survivors of child sexual abuse. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(6), 665–680. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2012.660789
  • Celik, G., Tahiroğlu, A., Yoruldu, B., Varmiş, D., Çekin, N., Avci, A., … Nasiroğlu, S. (2018). Recantation of sexual abuse disclosure among child victims: accommodation syndrome. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 612–621. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1477216
  • Conte, J. R., & Berliner, L. (1981). Sexual abuse of children: implications for practice. Social Casework: The Journal of Contemporary Social Work, 62(10), 601–606. doi:10.1177/104438948106201004
  • Cuadra, L. E., Jaffe, A. E., Thomas, R. ve DiLillo, D. (2014). Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the Association? Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1399–1408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.005
  • Cutajar, M. C., Mullen, P. E., Ogloff, J.R.P., Thomas, S.D., Wells, D.L. ve Spataro, J. (2010). Psychopathology in a large cohort of sexually abused children followed up to 43 years. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(11), 813-822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.04.004.
  • Daigneault, I., Hébert, M. ve McDuff, P. (2009). Men’s and women’s childhood sexual abuse and victimization in adult partner relationships: A study of risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(9), 638–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.04.003
  • De Jong, R., Alink, L., Bijleveld, C., Finkenauer, C. ve Hendriks, J. (2015). Transition to adulthood of child sexual abuse victims. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 24, 175–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.04.012.
  • DiLillo, D. ve Long, P. J. (1999). Perceptions of couple functioning among female survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 7(4), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v07n04_05
  • Duncan, K.A. (2004).Healing from the trauma of childhood sexual abuse: the journey for women. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group
  • Duncan, L. E. ve Williams, L. M. (1998). Gender role socialization and male-on-male vs. female-on-male child sexual abuse. Sex Roles, 39 (9–10), 765–785.
  • Easton, S. D. (2013). Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse Among Adult Male Survivors. Clinical Social Work Journal, 41(4):344-355. DOI: 10.1007/s10615-012-0420-3.
  • Elklit, A., Christiansen, D.M., Palic, S., Karsberg, S. ve Eriksen, S.B. (2014).Impact of Traumatic Events on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Danish Survivors of Sexual Abuse in Childhood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23(8),918-934. DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2014.964440.
  • Fergus, L., Xavier, C., Aurelio, T. ve Keith, H. (1998). Child sexual abuse in women who take overdoses: II. Risk factors and Associations. Archives of Suicide Research, (4), 307.
  • Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F. H. ve Horwood, L. J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), 664–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.013
  • Finkelhor, D. ve Browne, A. (1985). The traumatic impact of child sexual abuse: A conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 55(4), 530-541.DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02703.x.
  • Fitzgerald, M, M. & Cohen, J. (2012). Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. Goodyear-Brown, P. (Ed.) Handbook of child sexual abuse identification, assessment and treatment (s.199-228) içinde. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Fleming, J., Mullen, P. E., Sibthorpe, B. ve Bammer, G. (1999). The long-term impact of childhood sexual abuse in Australian women. Child Abuse and Neglect, 23(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(98)00118-5.
  • Frías, M. T.,, Brassard, A. ve Shaver, P. R. (2014). Childhood sexual abuse and attachment insecurities as predictors of women’s own and perceived-partner extradyadic involvement. Child Abuse & Neglect, (38), 1450–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.009.
  • Gilligan, P. & Akhtar, S. (2006). Cultural barriers to the disclosure of child sexual abuse in asian communities: listening to what women say. The British Journal of Social Work, 36(8), 1361-1377.
  • Green Bartoi, M. ve Kinder, B. N. (1998). Effects of child and adult sexual abuse on adult sexuality. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 24(2), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00926239808404921
  • GullBritt, R., Barbro, R. ve Karin C., R. (2013). Psychological distress among women who were sexually abused as children. International Journal of Social Welfare, 22(3), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2397.2012.00898.x
  • Herman, J. ( 2011). Travma ve iyileşme şiddetin sonuçları ev içi istismardan siyasi teröre. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.
  • Hyman, B. (2000). The economic consequences of child sexual abuse for adult lesbian women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(1), 199-211.
  • Izdebska, A. (2020). Personality disorders in adult female child sexual abuse survivors: dimensions of personality pathology and characteristics of abuse. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-30. doi:10.1177/0886260520903136
  • Jakubczyk, A., Klimkiewicz, A., Krasowska, A., Kopera, M., Sławińska-Ceran, A., Brower, K. J. ve Wojnar, M. (2014). History of sexual abuse and suicide attempts in alcohol-dependent patients. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(9), 1560–1568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.06.010
  • Jennings, W. G., Richards, T. N., Tomsich, E. ve Gover, A. R. (2015). Investigating the role of child sexual abuse in ıntimate partner violence victimization and perpetration in young adulthood from a propensity score matching approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(6), 659–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1057665
  • Johnson, D. M., Sheahan, T. C. ve Chard, K. M. (2003). Personality disorders, coping strategies, and posttraumatic stress disorder in women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 12(2), 19–39.
  • Jonzon, E. ve Lindblad, F. (2006). Risk factors and protective factors in relation to subjective health among adult female victims of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.08.014.
  • Kim, J., Talbot, N. L. ve Cicchetti, D. (2009). Childhood abuse and current ınterpersonal conflict: the role of shame. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(6), 362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.10.003.
  • Labadie, C., Godbout, N., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P. ve Sabourin, S. (2018). Adult profiles of child sexual abuse survivors: Attachment insecurity, sexual compulsivity, and sexual avoidance. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 44 (4), 354-369, DOI:10.1080/0092623X.2017.1405302
  • Lacelle, C., Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., Vitaro, F. ve Tremblay, R. E. (2012). Sexual health in women reporting a history of child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(3), 247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.10.011
  • Lee, J. O., Herrenkohl, T. I., Jung, H., Skinner, M. L. ve Klika, J. B. (2015). Longitudinal examination of peer and partner influences on gender-specific pathways from child abuse to adult crime. Child Abuse & Neglect, 47, 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.07.012
  • Levenkron, S. ve Levenkron. A. (2013). Çalınan yarınlar kadınların çocukken uğradığı cinsel istismarı anlamak ve tedavi etmek. İstanbul: Paloma Yayınevi.
  • Lev-wiesel, R. (2000). Quality of life in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse who have undergone therapy. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v09n01_01
  • Lev-Wiesel, R., Daphna-Tekoah, S. ve Hallak, M. (2009). Childhood sexual abuse as a predictor of birth-related posttraumatic stress and postpartum posttraumatic stress. Child Abuse & Neglect. 33(12), 877-887. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.05.004.
  • López, S., Faro, C., Lopetegui, L., Pujol-Ribera, E., Monteagudo, M., Avecilla-Palau, À., Martínez, C., Cobo, J. ve Fernández, M.-I. (2017). Child and adolescent sexual abuse in women seeking help for sexual and reproductive mental health problems: prevalence, characteristics, and disclosure. Journal Of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(3), 246–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2017.1288186
  • Mele, M. (2009). Assisting female victims of intimate partner violence: the role of victim advocates. Maschi,T.,Bradley, C., Ward, K. (Eds). Forensic social work psychosocial and legal issues in diverse practice settings (s. 95-105) içinde. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Mendoza-Meléndez, M. Á., Cepeda, A., Frankeberger, J., López-Macario, M. ve Valdez, A. (2018). History of child sexual abuse among women consuming illicit substances in Mexico City. Journal Of Substance Use, 23(5), 520–527. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2018.1489478
  • Messman-Moore, T. ve Brown, A. (2004). Child maltreatment and perceived family environment as risk factors for adult rape: is child sexual abuse the most salient experience? Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(10), 1019–1034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.05.003.
  • Modestin, J., Furrer, R. ve Malti, T. (2005). Different traumatic experiences are asso Cİ’ated with different pathologies. Psychiatric Quarterly, 76(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-005-5578-y
  • Musliner, K. L. ve Singer, J. B. (2014). Emotional support and adult depression in survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(8), 1331–1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.01.016
  • Nunes, K. L., Hermann, C. A., Renee Malcom, J. ve Lavoie, K. (2013). Childhood sexual victimization, pedophilic interest, and sexual recidivism. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), 703–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.008
  • O'hagan, K. (1988). Child sexual abuse: A social work categorization, Practice, 2:2, 176-183, DOI: 10.1080/09503158808416992
  • O'Leary P. J. (2009). Men who were sexually abused in childhood: Coping strategies and comparisons in psychological functioning. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(7), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.02.004
  • Owens, G. P. ve Chard, K. M. (2003). Comorbidity and psychiatric diagnoses among women reporting child sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(9), 1075-1082. DOI: 10.1016/S0145-2134(03)00168-6.
  • Pardeck, J.T. (1996). Social work practice : an ecological approach. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.
  • Pérez-Fuentes, G., Olfson, M., Villegas, L., Morcillo, C., Wang, S. ve Blanco, C. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of child sexual abuse: a national study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.05.010
  • Peterson, Z. D. Janssen, E.,, Goodrich, D., Heiman, J. R., Fortenberry, J. D. ve Hensel, D. J. (2018). Child sexual abuse and negative affect as shared risk factors for sexual aggression and sexual hıv risk behavior in heterosexual men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 47(2), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1079-1
  • Plunkett, A., O'Toole, B., Swanston, H., Oates, R. K., Shrimpton, S. ve Parkinson, P. (2001). Suicide risk following child sexual abuse. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 1(5):262-266. DOI: 10.1367/1539-4409(2001)001<0262:SRFCSA>2.0.CO;2
  • Polat, O. (2007). Tüm boyutlarıyla çocuk istismarı 2: Önleme ve rehabilitasyon. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Ressel, M., Lyons, J. ve Romano, E. (2018). Abuse characteristics, multiple victimisation and resilience among young adult males with histories of childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse Review, 27(3), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/car.2508
  • Risser, H. J., Thomsen, C. J., McCanne, T. R. ve Hetzel-Riggin. (2006). PTSD as a mediator of sexual revictimization: The role of reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(5), 687–698. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20156
  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Appel, M., Kaplan, T. ve Pelcovitz, D. (2018). Childhood sexual abuse, mental health, and religion across the Jewish community. Child Abuse and Neglect, 81, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.011.
  • Sacco, M. L. ve Farber, B. A. (1999). Reality testing in adult women who report childhood sexual and physical abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11):1193-1203. DOI: 10.1016/S0145-2134(99)00077-0.
  • Sanderson, C. (2006). Counselling adult survivors of child sexual abuse (3. edisyon). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Steel, J., Sanna, L., Hammond, B., Whipple, J. ve Cross, H. (2004). Psychological sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: abuse-related characteristics, coping strategies, and attributional style. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(7), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.12.004
  • Steine, I. M., Winje, D., Krystal, J. H., Bjorvatn, B., Milde, A. M., Grønli, J., Nordhus, I. H., Pallesen, S. (2017). Cumulative childhood maltreatment and its dose-response relation with adult symptomatology: Findings in a sample of adult survivors of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, (65), 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.008
  • Stiller, A., & Hellmann, D. F. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: consequences, needs, and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 23(3), 251–265. doi:10.1080/13552600.2017.1318964
  • Thakkar, R. ve McCanne, T. (2000). The effects of daily stressors on physical health in women with and without a childhood history of sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(2), 209–221.
  • Thakkar, R., Gutierrez, P., Kuczen, C. ve McCanne, T. (2000). History of physical and/or sexual abuse and current sui Cİ’dality in college women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(10), 1345–1354.
  • Topçu, S. (2009). Cinsel istismar. Ankara: Phoenix Yayınevi.
  • Turner, S., Taillieu, T., Cheung, K. ve Afifi, T. O. (2017). The relationship between childhood sexual abuse and mental health outcomes among males: Results from a nationally representative United States sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 66, 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.018.
  • Ullman, S. E. (2007). Relationship to perpetrator, disclosure, social reactions, and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 16(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1300/J070v16n01_02
  • Ullman, S. E. ve Filipas, H. H. (2005). Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse survivors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(7), 767–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.01.005
  • Ullman, S. E. ve Vasquez, A. L. (2015). Prevalence and revictimization research for victims of child sexual abuse mediators of sexual revictimization risk in adult sexual assault victims. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 24(3), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2015.1006748
  • UNICEF (2007). Çocuklara yönelik şiddetin ortadan kaldırılması: Parlamenterler için el kitabı. Fransa: Sadag S.A.
  • VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2015). APA dictionary of psychology (2. edition). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Van Der Kolk, B. A. (2018). Beden kayıt tutar travmanın iyileşmesinde beyin zihin ve beden. Ankara: Nobel yaşam yayıncılık
  • Van Roode, T., Dickson, N., Herbison, P. ve Paul, C. (2009). Child sexual abuse and persistence of risky sexual behaviors and negative sexual outcomes over adulthood: Findings from a birth cohort. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(3), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.09.006
  • WHO. (1999). Report of the Consultation on Child Abuse Prevention. Erişim adresi: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/65900.
  • World Health Organization. (2016). Child maltreatment. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/child-maltreatment. Erişim Tarihi: 20 Haziran 2019.
  • Xavier, C., Fergus, L., Aurelio, T. ve Hawton, K. (1998). Child sexual abuse in women who take overdoses: I. A study of prevalence and severity. Archives of Suicide Research, 4(4), 291-306.
  • Yoshihama, M. ve Horrocks, J. (2010). Risk of intimate partner violence: Role of childhood sexual abuse and sexual initiation in women in Japan. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(1), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.06.013.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Güler Güneş Aslan 0000-0002-6509-8278

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Nisan 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Haziran 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Güneş Aslan, G. (2020). Çocuğa Yönelik Cinsel İstismarın Yetişkinlik Dönemindeki Etkileri Hakkında Bir Derleme. Toplum Ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31(2), 647-676. https://doi.org/10.33417/tsh.727426