Elektrikli Araçlara Yönelik Algı: MaxQDA ile Nitel Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, sürdürülebilir ulaşım hedefleri doğrultusunda elektrikli araçların (EV) toplumsal kabulünü anlamaya yönelik olarak nitel bir araştırma yaklaşımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Artan çevresel sorunlar, fosil yakıt bağımlılığı ve kentleşmenin etkisiyle elektrikli araçlar, çevre dostu ve enerji verimli alternatifler olarak önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak bu teknolojilerin yaygınlaşmasında yalnızca teknik ve ekonomik unsurlar değil, aynı zamanda bireylerin tutumları, algıları ve sosyal normlar da belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bu çerçevede araştırmada, katılımcıların elektrikli araçlara ilişkin bilgi düzeyleri, algıları, çevresel hassasiyetleri ve satın alma niyetleri incelenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmış; 62 katılımcı mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplanan veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiş ve MaxQDA yazılımı kullanılarak sistematik biçimde kodlanmıştır. Kodlar, araştırmacılar arası geçerlik kontrolüyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, katılımcıların genel olarak elektrikli araçlara olumlu yaklaştığını ancak yüksek satın alma maliyeti, sınırlı şarj altyapısı, batarya ömrü ve menzil gibi teknik ve ekonomik kaygıların bu ilgiyi sınırladığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışma, elektrikli araçların benimsenmesini etkileyen bireysel, yapısal ve algısal etkenleri çok boyutlu şekilde değerlendirmekte; politika yapıcılara, kent planlamacılarına ve otomotiv sektörüne yol gösterici öneriler sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• elektrikli araçlar
• sürdürülebilir ulaşım
• tüketici tutumları
• nitel analiz

Perception of Electric Vehicles: Qualitative Analysis with MaxQDA

Öz

This study was conducted with a qualitative research approach to understand the social acceptance of electric vehicles in line with sustainable transport goals. Electric vehicles are gaining importance as environmentally friendly and energy-efficient alternatives due to increasing environmental problems, fossil fuel dependency, and urbanisation. However, not only technical and economic factors but also individuals' attitudes, perceptions and social norms play a decisive role in the spread of these technologies. In this framework, the study analysed the knowledge levels, perceptions, environmental sensitivities and purchase intentions of the participants regarding electric vehicles. A semi-structured interview form was used as a data collection tool; 62 participants were interviewed. The collected data were analysed by content analysis method and coded systematically using MaxQDA software. The codes were analysed with an inter-rater validity check. The findings revealed that participants were generally positive towards electric vehicles, but technical and economic concerns such as high purchase cost, limited charging infrastructure, battery life and range limited this interest. The study evaluates the individual, structural and perceptual factors affecting the adoption of electric vehicles in a multidimensional manner, and provides guiding recommendations for policymakers, urban planners and the automotive industry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• electric vehicles
• sustainable transport
• consumer attitudes
• qualitative analysis

Kaynakça

1. Aasness, M. A., ve Odeck, J. (2023). Road users’ attitudes towards electric vehicle incentives: Empirical evidence from Oslo in 2014–2020. Research in Transportation Economics, 97, 101262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2023.101262
2. Acar, O. ve Taşkın, Ç. (2024). Elektrikli araç pazarında tüketici satın alma davranışlarının değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir bibliyometrik ve sistematik analiz. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (46), 494-529. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1413053
3. Adula, M., Kant, S. ve Birbirsa, Z. A. (2023). Effects of training on organizational performance in the Ethiopian Textile Industry: Interview based Investigation using MAXQDA. IRASD Journal of Management, 5(1), 08–19. https://doi.org/10.52131/jom.2023.0501.0103
4. Arora, S. C. ve Singh, V. K. (2024). Transition to green mobility: a twin investigation behind the purchase reasons of electric vehicles in the Indian market. The Bottom Line, 37(3), 277-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/BL-08-2023-0249
5. Arslan, E. (2022). Nitel araştırmalarda geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 51/1, 395-407, https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1116878
6. Balcıoğlu, Y. S., Sezen, B. ve İşler, A. U. (2024). Evolving preferences in sustainable transportation: a comparative analysis of consumer segments for electric vehicles across Europe. Social Responsibility Journal, 20(9), 1664-1696. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2023-0713
7. Bigerna, S. ve Micheli, S. (2018). Attitudes toward electric vehicles: The case of Perugia using a fuzzy set analysis. Sustainability, 10(11), 3999. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10113999
8. Boo, S. Y. ve Tan, C. (2024). Electric vehicles purchase intention: the role of mediators using an extended TPB model. Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science, 7 (2). 158–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCMARS-11-2023-0042.

9. Bryła, P., Chatterjee, S. ve Ciabiada-Bryła, B. (2022). Consumer adoption of electric vehicles: A systematic literature review. Energies, 16(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010205
10. Buhmann, K. M., Rialp-Criado, J. ve Rialp-Criado, A. (2024). Predicting consumer intention to adopt battery electric vehicles: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Sustainability, 16(3), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031284
11. Christidis, P. ve Focas, C. (2019). Factors affecting the uptake of hybrid and electric vehicles in the European Union. Energies, 12(18), 3414. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183414
12. Dias, S., Davidson, B. G. J., Chully, A. A., ve Pendse, P. H. (2025). Motivation continuum and its effect on electric vehicle acceptance in India. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-07-2024-0262
13. Digalwar, A. K., ve Rastogi, A. (2023). Assessments of social factors responsible for adoption of electric vehicles in India: A case study. International Journal of Energy Sector Management, 17(2), 251–264. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-06-2021-0009
14. Dutta, B., ve Hwang, H. G. (2021). Consumers purchase intentions of green electric vehicles: The influence of consumers technological and environmental considerations. Sustainability, 13(21), 12025. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132112025
15. Efendioğlu, İ. H. (2024). Elektrikli araç satın alma niyetini etkileyen faktörler. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(1), 106–122. https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.1124491
16. Egbue, O., ve Long, S. (2012). Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: An analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy, 48, 717–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.009
17. Erdoğan, E. C., Tengilimoğlu, D., Bilgin, P., ve Reyhanoğlu, İ. (2024). Elektrikli araç satın alma niyetini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi: Ankara ili örneği. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(3), 2043–2061. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2024.1901 50
18. Gül, S. S., ve Nizam, Ö. K. (2021). Sosyal bilimlerde içerik ve söylem analizi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (42), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.803182
19. Hemalatha, J., Panboli, S., ve Aravindh Kumaran, L. (2024). Electric vehicle adoption toward sustainable transportation solution: Key drivers and implications. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 19 (2), 318–341. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-04-2024-0015
20. Higueras-Castillo, E., Molinillo, S., Coca-Stefaniak, J. A., ve Liébana-Cabanillas, F. (2019). Perceived value and customer adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles. Sustainability, 11(18), 4956. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184956
21. Hsieh, H. F., ve Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
22. Ivanova, G., ve Moreira, A. C. (2023). Antecedents of electric vehicle purchase intention from the consumer's perspective: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 15(4), 2878. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15042878
23. Jansson, J., Nordlund, A., ve Westin, K. (2017). Examining drivers of sustainable consumption: The influence of norms and opinion leadership on electric vehicle adoption in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production, 154, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.186
24. Jensen, A. F., Cherchi, E., ve Mabit, S. L. (2013). On the stability of preferences and attitudes before and after experiencing an electric vehicle. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.07.006
25. Junquera, B., Moreno, B., ve Álvarez, R. (2016). Analyzing consumer attitudes towards electric vehicle purchasing intentions in Spain: Technological limitations and vehicle confidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 109, 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.05.006
26. Kant, R., Mehta, B., Jaiswal, D., ve Kumar, A. (2024). Adoption intention and willingness to pay for electric vehicles: Role of social-psychological attributes, fiscal incentives and socio-demographics. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 35(4), 945–963. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-05-2023-0161
27. Karamehmet, B., ve Morgül, E. (2018). Tüketicilerin elektrikli araç tercihleri: Literatür taraması ve Türkiye'de tanıtımına yönelik öneriler. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi, (40), 246–260. https://doi.org/10.17498/kdeniz.425914
28. Klabi, F., ve Binzafrah, F. (2023). Exploring the relationships between Islam, some personal values, environmental concern, and electric vehicle purchase intention: The case of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 14(2), 366–393. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2020-0170
29. Kocagöz, E., İğde, Ç. S., ve Çetindağ, G. (2020). Elektrikli ve akıllı, yerli ve milli: Türkiye'nin Otomobili Girişim Grubu'nun tanıttığı araçlara yönelik tüketicilerin ilk değerlendirmeleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (49), 55–74.
30. Kocagöz, E., ve İğde, Ç. S. (2022). Elektrikli araç satın alma niyetini hangi faktörler etkiler? Bir tüketici araştırması. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(21. Uluslararası İşletmecilik Kongresi Özel Sayısı), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.33437/ksusbd.1133892
31. Lashari, Z. A., Ko, J., ve Jang, J. (2021). Consumers' intention to purchase electric vehicles: Influences of user attitude and perception. Sustainability, 13(12), 6778. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126778
32. Liu, R., Ding, Z., Jiang, X., Sun, J., Jiang, Y., ve Qiang, W. (2020). How does experience impact the adoption willingness of battery electric vehicles? The role of psychological factors. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 25230–25247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08834-w
33. Meidute-Kavaliauskiene, I., Yıldız, B., Çiğdem, Ş., ve Činčikaitė, R. (2021). Do people prefer cars that people don't drive? A survey study on autonomous vehicles. Energies, 14(16), 4795. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164795
34. Mutavdžija, M., Kovačić, M., ve Buntak, K. (2022). Assessment of selected factors influencing the purchase of electric vehicles—A case study of the Republic of Croatia. Energies, 15(16), 5987. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15165987
35. Neuendorf, K. A. (2017). The content analysis guidebook. Sage Publications.
36. Ottesen, A., Banna, S., ve Alzougool, B. (2022). Attitudes of drivers towards electric vehicles in Kuwait. Sustainability, 14(19), 12163. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912163
37. Özbay, H., Közkurt, C., Dalcalı, A., ve Tektaş, M. (2020). Geleceğin ulaşım tercihi: Elektrikli araçlar. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 3(1), 34–50.
38. Polat, A. (2022). Nitel araştırmalarda yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme soruları: Soru form ve türleri, nitelikler ve sıralama. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 161–182. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1227335
39. Prakhar, P., Jabeen, F., Jaiswal, R., Gupta, S., Piccardi, P., ve Jose, S. (2025). Mapping the electric vehicle adoption scholarship for sustainability: An integrated theoretical framework and future research directions. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 36(1), 249–276. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEQ-04-2024-0153
40. Rahi, S., Abd Ghani, M., Alghizzawi, M., Rashid, A., ve Rasheed, R. (2025). Understanding the electric vehicle consumers' AWE experience and intention to recommend electric vehicles with the moderating effect of trust in sustainable manufacturers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration. 18 (2), 314–333. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-12-2024-0675
41. Sahoo, D., Harichandan, S., ve Kar, S. K. (2022). An empirical study on consumer motives and attitude towards adoption of electric vehicles in India: Policy implications for stakeholders. Energy Policy, 165, 112941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112941
42. Salon, D., Breetz, H. L., Wiers, H., ve King, D. A. (2025). Electric vehicles for all? Opportunities and challenges for large-scale adoption. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 144, 104776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2025.104776
43. Schmalfuß, F., Mair, C., Döbelt, S., Kaempfe, B., Wuestemann, R., Krems, J. F., ve Keinath, A. (2015). User responses to a smart charging system in Germany: Battery electric vehicle driver motivation, attitudes and acceptance. Energy Research ve Social Science, 9, 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.08.019
44. Sharma, R. B., Das, D., ve Maitra, B. (2024). Consumer attitudes and preferences for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: A case of Delhi and Kolkata, India. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 17, 101259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101259
45. Sobiech-Grabka, K., Stankowska, A., ve Jerzak, K. (2022). Determinants of electric cars purchase intention in Poland: Personal attitudes v. economic arguments. Energies, 15(9), 3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093078
46. Squalli, J. (2024). Environmental hypocrisy? Electric and hybrid vehicle adoption and pro-environmental attitudes in the United States. Energy, 293, 130670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.130670
47. Şimşekoğlu, Ö., ve Nayum, A. (2019). Predictors of intention to buy a battery electric vehicle among conventional car drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 60, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.001
48. Thakur, A., Krishnan K, J., ve Ansari, A. (2025). Powering the transition: Examining factors influencing the intention to adopt electric vehicles. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 14(2), 471–488. https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-06-2023-0155
49. Tiwari, V., Aditjandra, P., ve Dissanayake, D. (2020). Public attitudes towards electric vehicle adoption using structural equation modelling. Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 1615–1634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.203
50. Tu, J. C., ve Yang, C. (2019). Key factors influencing consumers' purchase of electric vehicles. Sustainability, 11(14), 3863. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143863
51. Uslu, H., ve Demirel, O. (2022). Elektrikli otomobil satın alma istekliliğini etkileyen faktörler: Konya ili örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 13(35), 961–975. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1024620
52. Wang, Y., Chi, Y., Xu, J. H., ve Yuan, Y. (2022). Consumers' attitudes and their effects on electric vehicle sales and charging infrastructure construction: An empirical study in China. Energy Policy, 165, 112983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112983
53. Wang, P., Guan, C., Zhuge, C., ve Sun, M. (2022). Characteristics and attitudes of actual electric vehicle adopters from different classes of cities. Research in Transportation Business ve Management, 43, 100728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100728
54. Westin, K., Jansson, J., ve Nordlund, A. (2018). The importance of socio-demographic characteristics, geographic setting, and attitudes for adoption of electric vehicles in Sweden. Travel Behaviour and Society, 13, 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2018.07.004
55. White, M. D., ve Marsh, E. E. (2006). Content analysis: A flexible methodology. Library Trends, 55(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1353/lib.2006.0053
56. Xu, G., Wang, S., Li, J., ve Zhao, D. (2020). Moving towards sustainable purchase behavior: Examining the determinants of consumers' intentions to adopt electric vehicles. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 22535–22546. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08835-9
57. Yıldız, B., Çiğdem, Ş., ve Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, I. (2024). Sustainable mobility and electric vehicle adoption: A study on the impact of perceived benefits and risks. Transport, 39(2), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.3846/transport.2024.22413
58. Zhang, Y., ve Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Qualitative analysis of content. In B. Wildemuth (Ed.), Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science (pp. 318–329). Book News.