Investigating Risky Driver Behaviours Based on the Transtheoretical Model: Comparison of Different Groups

Öz

Exceeding speed limits, driving under the influence of alcohol, not using seat belt, and distracted driving are accepted as risky driver behaviors by the World Health Organization. Determining the levels of risky behaviors in Turkish society and changing those behaviors are important to improve traffic safety in Turkey.  The Transtheoretical Model, indicating the prescribed steps for change, was used to identify the steps for these risky behaviors and to examine possible differences. Data was collected via questionnaires from 120 drivers who do not hold driver licenses but are likely to be drivers in the future, 99 drivers with safe driving training and 140 drivers who have not received safe driving training. When the results of self-reports were evaluated in sum, it was found that the driver group who do not have safe driving training were significantly lower than non-driver group and the driver group who have safe driving training with regard to driving within the limits of speed, driving with alcohol, using mobile phone while driving and eating while driving. When the use of seat belts is considered, the driver group that does not have safe driving training is significantly lower than the non-driver group. Considering 359 participants of the study, the findings were revealed that the five risky behaviors were concentrated around the action step of the Transtheoretical Model.  With the present study, it was aimed to prepare a working ground that could develop specific prevention and intervention programs in the future by identifying the steps regarding the five behaviors required for safe traffic in accordance with the steps of the Transtheoretical Model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• transtheoretical model,stages of change,risky driver behaviors,safe driving training

Riskli Sürücü Davranışlarının Transteorik Model Temelinde İncelenmesi: Bir Grup Karşılaştırması Çalışması

Öz

Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından hız sınırını aşmak, alkol kullanmış olarak araç kullanmak, emniyet kemeri kullanmamak ve dikkati dağılmış olarak araç kullanmak riskli sürücü davranışları olarak belirtilmiş davranışlardır. Bu riskli davranışların Türk toplumunda hangi aşamada olunduğunun belirlenmesi ve değiştirilmesi trafik güvenliği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Mevcut çalışmada değişim için öngördüğü aşamalar ile yarar sağlayabileceği düşünülen Transteorik Model kullanılarak, bu riskli davranışlar için katılımcıların bulundukları basamakların tanımlanması ve olası farkların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile veri toplanan çalışmaya henüz sürücü olmayan ama gelecekte sürücü olma olasılığı bulunan 120 geleceğin sürücüsü, güvenli sürüş eğitimi almış 99 sürücü ve güvenli sürüş eğitimi almamış 140 sürücü katılmıştır. Beyana dayalı sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, güvenli sürüş eğitimi almamış sürücü grubunun hız sınırları dâhilinde araç kullanma, alkollüyken araç kullanma, sürüş esnasında cep telefonu kullanma ve sürüş esnasında yemek yemek davranışlarında sürücü olmayan gruptan ve güvenli sürüş eğitimi almış gruptan anlamlı derecede daha alt basamaklarda oldukları bulunmuştur. Emniyet kemeri kullanımında ise sadece eğitim almamış sürücü grubunun sürücü olmayan gruptan anlamlı ölçüde daha alt basamaklarda oldukları görülmektedir. Güvenli sürüş eğitimi almış sürücüler ile henüz sürücü olmayan grubun farklılaştığı tek davranış ise sürüş esnasında cep telefonu kullanımı olmuş; henüz sürücü olmayan grubun eğitim almış sürücülerden daha üst basamaklarda olduğu bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın 359 katılımcısı göz önünde bulundurulduğunda bu beş riskli davranış için Transteorik Model’e göre harekete geçme basamağında yoğunlaştıkları bulgular arasındadır. Mevcut çalışma ile, güvenli trafik için gerekli olan beş davranış üzerinden çoğunlukla bulunulan basamağı tanımlayarak Transteorik Model’in basamaklarına göre geleceğe yönelik spesifik önleme ve müdahale programları geliştirebilecek çalışmalara zemin hazırlaması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Transteorik Model,değişim aşamaları,riskli sürücü davranışları,güvenli sürüş eğitimi

Kaynakça

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