YENİ ARAŞTIRMALAR IŞIĞINDA ESKİ SMYRNA ARKAİK DÖNEM SİVİL MİMARİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

In Old Smyrna, researches were carried out on the Archaic Period layers between the years 1948-51, in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result of these researches, a lot of data was obtained from the layers related to the settlement, in addition to the public and defense structures. This study aims to compile and reinterpret the civil architectural remains of Archaic Period obtained as a result of the studies carried out under the leadership of the Anglo-Turkish team in 1948-51 and Ekrem Akurgal in 1966-93. Trench H and its surroundings, which are among the areas in which the researches are conducted, have examples of civil architecture that can be handled in unity. Within the scope of the study, architectural finds that were preserved in these areas were documented, excavations were carried out in some buildings, the plan of the area was reconstructed, the buildings were reconsidered with the excavation notes and the finds kept in warehouses. The effects of political, economic and social change that started in the Aegean Basin with the second half of the 8th century BC were reflected in the civil architectural examples in the cities. Towards the middle of the 7th century BC, simple structures consisting of one room in many centers left their places to multi-roomed division/courtyard structures. Early Iron Age architecture, which began to appear in Old Smyrna for the first time in the late 10th century - early 9th century, is represented by a few examples until the end of the 8th century BC. With the increase of the examples of civil architecture found in the city with the end of the 8th century BC, more clear data about the development of the civil settlement started to be obtained in Old Smyrna. Civil architectural development in the Aegean Basin showed itself in the city only at the end of the 7th century-the beginning of the 6th century BC. Although the development of the settlement in Old Smyrna, which includes every type of structure seen in other settlements in the basin, progresses in line with the change seen in its contemporary centers, it shows a distinctive feature with its curvilinear structure that continued to be used in the 6th century BC.

Eski Smyrna’da 1948-51 yılları arasında, 1970li ve 1980li yıllarda Arkaik Dönem tabakalarına ilişkin araştırmalar yürütülmüştür. Bu araştırmalar sonucunda kamu ve savunma yapılarının yanında, özellikle sivil yerleşime ilişkin tabakalardan çok sayıda veri elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışma, 1948-51 yılları arasında Türk-İngiliz ortaklığı ve 1966-93 yılları arasında Ekrem Akurgal başkanlığında yürütülen araştırmalar neticesinde ele geçen Arkaik Dönem sivil mimari örneklerinin derlenmesini ve tekrar yorumlanmasını amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmaların yürütüldüğü alanlardan H açması ve çevresi bir bütünlük içinde ele alınabilecek sivil mimari örneklerine sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında, bu alanlarda korunabilmiş mimari buluntular belgelenmiş, bazı yapılarda sondaj çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş, alanın planı tekrar çıkarılmış, kazı defterleri ve depolarda muhafaza edilen buluntularla yapılar yeniden ele alınmıştır. MÖ 8. yüzyılın ikinci yarısıyla birlikte Ege Havzası’nda başlayan siyasal, ekonomik ve sosyal değişimin etkileri kentlerdeki sivil mimari örneklere de yansımıştır. MÖ 7. yüzyılın ortasına doğru pek çok merkezde tek odadan oluşan basit yapılar yerlerini çok odalı taksim mekânlı/avlulu yapılara bırakmıştır. Eski Smyrna’da ilk kez MÖ 10. yüzyılın sonu-9. yüzyılın başında görülmeye başlayan Erken Demir Çağı mimarisi ise MÖ 8. yüzyılın sonuna kadar az sayıda örnekle temsil edilmektedir. MÖ 8. yüzyılın sonunda kentte ele geçen sivil mimari örneklerinin artmasıyla beraber Eski Smyrna’da sivil yerleşimin gelişimi hakkında daha net veriler elde edilmeye başlanmıştır. Ege Havzası’nda görülen sivil mimari gelişimi kentte kendisini ancak MÖ 7. yüzyılın sonu-6. yüzyılın başında göstermiştir. Havzadaki diğer yerleşimlerde görülen her yapı tipini barındıran Eski Smyrna’da yerleşimin gelişimi, çağdaşı merkezlerde görülen değişimle aynı doğrultuda ilerlemesine rağmen, MÖ 6. yüzyılda kullanılmaya devam eden eğrisel planlı yapısıyla onlardan farklı bir özellik göstermektedir.

In Old Smyrna, researches were carried out on the Archaic Period layers between the years 1948-51, in the 1970s and 1980s. As a result of these researches, a lot of data was obtained from the layers related to the settlement, in addition to the public and defense structures. This study aims to compile and reinterpret the civil architectural remains of Archaic Period obtained as a result of the studies carried out under the leadership of the Anglo-Turkish team in 1948-51 and Ekrem Akurgal in 1966-93. Trench H and its surroundings, which are among the areas in which the researches are conducted, have examples of civil architecture that can be handled in unity. Within the scope of the study, architectural finds that were preserved in these areas were documented, excavations were carried out in some buildings, the plan of the area was reconstructed, the buildings were reconsidered with the excavation notes and the finds kept in warehouses. The effects of political, economic and social change that started in the Aegean Basin with the second half of the 8th century BC were reflected in the civil architectural examples in the cities. Towards the middle of the 7th century BC, simple structures consisting of one room in many centers left their places to multi-roomed division/courtyard structures. Early Iron Age architecture, which began to appear in Old Smyrna for the first time in the late 10th century - early 9th century, is represented by a few examples until the end of the 8th century BC. With the increase of the examples of civil architecture found in the city with the end of the 8th century BC, more clear data about the development of the civil settlement started to be obtained in Old Smyrna. Civil architectural development in the Aegean Basin showed itself in the city only at the end of the 7th century-the beginning of the 6th century BC. Although the development of the settlement in Old Smyrna, which includes every type of structure seen in other settlements in the basin, progresses in line with the change seen in its contemporary centers, it shows a distinctive feature with its curvilinear structure that continued to be used in the 6th century BC.