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GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 1, 37 - 56, 01.03.2018

Elena Rova

Öz

Makalede Gürcistan Shida Kartli bölgesinde Geç Kalkolitik Dönem’den İlk Tunç Çağı’nın sonuna değin ölü gömmegeleneklerinin gelişimi, özellikle Kura-Aras ve daha sonraki Erken Kurgan Dönemi Martqopi, Bedeni kültürleriçerçevesinde incelenmiştir. “Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project” çatısı altında gerçekleştirilmişolan son bir revizyonunun ışığındaki bulgular ve komşu bölgeler Güney Kafkasya ve Türkiye Yukarı Fırat Havzası’ndakiçağdaşlarıyla karşılaştırarak özetlenmiştir. Karşılaştırmalar ve farklılıklar, kurganların yayılımına özel bir dikkatgöstererek MÖ 4-3. binyıllarda bölgelerarası ilişkilerin tarihi gelişiminin genel çatısı altında belirtilmiş ve analizedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mezarlıklar Mezarlar Shida Kartli Bölgesi Kura-Araxes Kültürü Bedeni Kültürü Martqopi Kültürü Early Kurgan Dönemi Geç Kalkolitik Dönem İlk Tunç Çağ

Kaynakça

  • AKHUNDOV, T. 2007 “Sites de migrantes venus du Proche-Orient en Transcaucasie, in Les cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe mill. avant notre ère): leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient (Ed. B. Lyonnet). Paris: 95-121.
  • APAKIDZE, A.M./NIKOLAISHVILI, V.V./NARIMANISHVILI, G.K./DAVLIANIDZE, R.V./SADRADZE, V.G./ KHETSURIANI, L.G./IREMASHVILI, SH.A./ NONEISHVILI, A.I. 1995 “Mtskhetskaja Ekspetsija” (Mtskheta Expedition), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1987 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1987): 83-89 (in Russian).
  • APAKIDZE, A./NIKOLAISHVILI, V./GIUNASHVILI, G./DAVLIANIDZE, R./NARIMANISHVILI, G./ SADRADZE, V./ DZNELADZE, M./IREMASHVILI, SH./CHEZURIANI, L./NONEISHVILI, A./GAVASHELI, E. 2004 “Mtskhetis Ekspeditsia” (Expedition von Mzcheta), Savele arqeologiuri kvleva-dzieba 1989-1992 tslebshi (mokle angarishebi) (Archäologische Geländearbeiten in Georgien 1989-1992): 70-81 (in Georgian with German summary).
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2003 Grab- und Bestattungssitten des späten 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. im Kaukasusgebiet. Wilkau-Haßlau.
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2005 “Probleme der ostanatolischen/südkaukasischen Bronzezeit: ca. 2500-1600 v. u. Z.”, TÜBA-AR 8: 61-84.
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2010 “Zum Martqopi-Bedeni-Horizont im Südkaukasusgebiet”, in Von Majkop bis Trialeti - Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.-2. Jts. v. Chr. (Eds. S. Hansen / A. Hauptmann / I. Motzenbäcker / E. Pernicka) (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 13). Bonn: 253-261.
  • BRERETON, G. 2013 “Cultures of Infancy and Capital Accumulation in Pre-urban Mesopotamia”, World Archaeology 45:2: 232-251.
  • CARMINATI, E. 2017 “The Martqopi and Bedeni Components of the Early Kurgan Complex in Shida Kartli (Georgia): A Reappraisal of the Available Data”, in At the Northern Frontier of Near Eastern Archaeology: Recent Research on Caucasia and Anatolia in the Bronze Age (Proceedings of the Humboldt Kolleg Venice, 09-12/01/2013) (Eds. E. Rova / M. Tonussi) (Subartu 38). Turnhout: 173-188.
  • CHATAIGNER, C./PALUMBI, G. (Eds.) 2014 The Kura-Araxes Culture from the Caucasus to Iran, Anatolia and the Levant. Between Unity and Diversity (= Paléorient 40.2 thematic issue).
  • CHILASHVILI, L. 1964 Naqalaqari Urbnisi (The Urban Site of Urbnisi). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • FRANGIPANE, M. 2007-2008 “The Arslantepe «Royal Tomb»: New Funerary Customs and Political Changes in the Upper Euphrates Valley at the Beginning of the Third Millennium BC”, Scienze dell’Antichità 14/1: 169-194.
  • FRANGIPANE, M./DI NOCERA, G.M./HAUPTMANN, A./MORBIDELLI, P./PALMIERI, A.M./SADORI, L./ SCHULTZ, M./SCHMIDT-SCHULTZ, T. 2001 “New Symbols of a New Power in a “Royal” Tomb from 3000 BC Arslantepe, Malatya (Turkey)”, Paléorient 27/2: 105-139.
  • GAGOSHIDZE, I. 2012 “Doghlauri (Aradetis Orgora) Cemetery”, Online Archaeology 3: 12-19 (http://heritagesites.ge/files/Axali%20 Jurnali%203%20iEnglish/, last consulted 11/2013.
  • GAGOSHIDZE, I./ROVA, E. 2018 “New Investigations at Aradetis Orgora, a Multiperiod Centre of the Shida Kartli Region in Georgia”, in Context and Connection: Essays on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of Antonio Sagona (Eds. A. Batmaz / G. Bedianashvili / A. Michalewicz / A. Robinson), (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 268), Leuven: 521-546.
  • GELASHVILI, B. 2014 “Gviandeli brinjaos khanis iaraghebi doghlauris samarovnidan” (Late Bronze Age Weapons from the Doghlauri Cemetery), Online Archaeology 6: 203-215 (in Georgian). (http://www.heritagesites.ge/upload/file/1431005127.pdf, last consulted 11/2013).
  • GHAMBASHIDZE, I./MINDIASHVILI, G./GOGOCHURI, G./KAKHIANI, K./JAPARIDZE, I. 2010 Udzvelesi metalurgia da samto saqme Saqartveloshi dzv. ts. VI - III atastsleulebshi (Alte Metallurgie und Bergbau in Georgien in 6.-3. Jt. v. Chr.). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • GLONTI, L./KETSKHOVELI, M./PALUMBI, G. 2008 “The Cemetery at Kvatskhelebi”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 153-184.
  • HANSEN, S./HAUPTMANN, A./MOTZENBÄCKER, I./PERNICKA, E. (EDS.) 2010 Von Majkop bis Trialeti. Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.–2. Jt. v. Chr. (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 13). Bonn.
  • IVANOVA, M. 2013 The Black Sea and the Early Civilizations of Europe, the Near East and Asia. Cambridge.
  • JALABADZE, M./GHLONTI, L./KORIDZE, I./ KETSKHOVELI, M./CHILASHVILI, I. 2012 “Early Bronze Age Cemeteries from Shida Kartli (Kura-Araxes, Bedeni)”, in Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Graves (Eds. M. Puturidze / E. Rova) (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project I) (Subartu 30). Turnhout: 59-94.
  • JALABADZE, M./PALUMBI, G. 2008 “Kura-Araxes Tombs at Takhtidziri”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 117-123.
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1955 Litonis tsarmoebis adreuli sapekhuri saqartveloshi (The Early Phase of Metal Production in Georgia). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1961 Kartveli tomebis istoriis litonis tsarmoebis adreul sapekhurze (On the History of Georgian Tribes in the Aeneolithic and Early Bronze Ages). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1998 Kartveli tomebis etnokulturuli istoriisatvis dzv.ts. III atastsleulshi (adreqorghanuli kultura) (Zur ethnokulturellen Geschichte der georgischen Stämme im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr.). Tbilisi (in Georgian with German summary).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. (Ed.) 1992 Sakartvelos arkeologia. v. II. Eneolit–adre brinjaos khana (Archaeology of Georgia. Vol. II. The Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • JAVAKHISHVILI, A./GLONTI, L. 1962 Urbnisi I: Kvatskhelebis (Tvlepia-Kokhis) Namosakhlarze 1954-1961 ts. Chatarebuli Gatkhrebi (Urbnisi I: Archaeological Excavations conducted at Kvatskhelebi (Tvlepia-Kokhi) in 1954-1961). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • KAKHIANI, K./SAGONA, A./SAGONA, C./KVAVADZE E./BEDIANASHVILI G./MASSAGER E./ MARTIN L./ HERRSCHER, E./MARTKOPLISHVILI, I./BIRKETT-REES, J./ LONGFORD, C. 2013 “Archaeological Investigations at Chobareti in Southern Georgia, the Caucasus”, Ancient Near Estearn Studies 50: 1-138.
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  • KUFTIN, B.A. 1949 Arkheologicheskaiya marshrutnaiya ekspeditsia 1945 godu v iugo osetiyu I imetetiyu (Archaeological Expedition in South Ossetia and Imeretia in 1945). Tbilisi (in Russian).
  • KUFTIN, B.A. 1974 Arkheologicheskaiya marshrutnaiya ekspeditsija v basseine rek Liakhvi, Prone, Kvirili I srednego Rioni v 1951 godu (Archaeological Expedition in the Basin of the Rivers Liakhvi, Prone, Kvirila and Middle Part of Rioni in 1951), Vestnik gosudarstvennogo muzeya gruzii (Bulletin of the State Museum of Georgia), 30 B: 131-153 (in Russian).
  • KUSHNAREVA, K.KH. 1997 The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socio-Economic Development from the Eight to the Second Millennium B.C. (University Museum Monograph 99). Philadelphia.
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  • LYONNET, B./AKHUNDOV, T./ALMAMEDOV, K. 2008 “Late Chalcolithic Kurgans in Transcaucasia. The Cemetery of Soyuk Bulaq (Azerbaijan)”, AMIT 40: 27-44.
  • MAKHALATIA, S. 1943 Tqviavis qhorghanuli samarkhebis arqeologiuri gatkhrebi (Archaeological Excavations of the Tqhviavi Kurgan Burials). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z. 2007 “Nouvelles données sur le Chalcolithique en Géorgie orientale”, in Les cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe millénaires avant notre ère). Leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient (Ed. B. Lyonnet). Paris: 123-132.
  • MAKHARADZE, Z. 2008 “The Settlement of Tsikhiagora and the Early Barrows at Kavtiskhevi”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 63-104.
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./MURVANIDZE, B. 2014A “Korgan “Tchintchrianis Gora”” (Kurgan “Tchintchrianis Gora”), Dziebani 22: 69-90 (in Georgian with English summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./MURVANIDZE, B. 2014B “Ananauris # 3 didi korgani” (Ananauri № 3 Big Kurgan), Dziebani 22: 2014: 50-68 (in Georgian with English summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./KALANDADZE, N./MURVANIDZE, B. (Eds.) 2016 Ananauri Big Kurgan 3. Tbilisi.
  • MINDIASHVILI, G. 1984 “Arkheologicheskaja Ekspeditsija v Sel. Kheltubani (Goriiskii Raion)” (Archaeological Expedition in the Kheltubani Village (Gori Region)), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1981 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1981): 21-22 (in Russian).
  • MINDIASHVILI, G. 1985 “Arkheologicheskaja ekspeditsija Goriskogo raiona” (Archaeological Expedition in the Gori Region), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1982 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1982): 36-37 (in Russian).
  • MINDIASHVILI, G./MURVANIDZE, B./RAMISHVILI, A./CHIKOVANI, G. 2003 “Arqeologiuri gatkhrebi (dzeglebi) dasavletis mimartulebis saeksporto milsadenis 143-e kilometrze” (Archaeological Excavations (Sites) Westwards of the Pipeline km 143), in Milsadeni Arqeologia II (Pipeline Archaeology II), Tbilisi: 65-94.
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  • PALUMBI, G. 2007-2008 “From Collective Burials to Symbols of Power. The Translation of Role and Meanings of the Stone-lined Cist Burial Tradition from Southern Caucasus to the Euphrates Valley”, Scienze dell’Antichità 14/1: 141- 167.
  • PALUMBI, G. 2008 The Red and Black. Social and Cultural Interactions between the Upper Euphrates and Southern Caucasus Communities in the 4th and 3rd Millennium BC (Studi di Preistoria Orientale 2). Roma.
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  • POULMARC’H, M./PECQUEUR, L./JALILOV, B. 2014 “An Overview of Kura-Araxes Funerary Practices in the Southern Caucasus”, Paléorient 40/2: 231-246.
  • PUTURIDZE, M. 2012 “The Dynamic of Continuity in Ceramic Production at the Middle of the III Millennium B.C.”, Studies in Caucasian Archaeology I: 12-70.
  • PUTURIDZE, M./ROVA, E. (Eds.) 2012 Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Graves (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project I) (Subartu 30). Turnhout.
  • PUTURIDZE, M./ROVA, E. (Eds.) in preparation Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Settlement (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project III) (Subartu). Turnhout.
  • RAMISHVILI, A. 2013 (Ed. B. MURVANIDZE) Natsargora. Adre brinjaos khanis namosakhlari da samarovani (Natsargora. Early Bronze Age Settlement and Cemetery) (Khashuris arkeologiuri ekspeditsiis shromebi VI) (Works of the Khashuri Archaeological Expedition VI). Tbilisi (in Georgian with English summary).
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  • ROVA, E./PUTURIDZE, M./MAKHARADZE, Z. 2011 “The Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project: A Report on the First Two Field Seasons 2009 and 2010”, Rivista di Archeologia 34 (2010): 5-30.
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  • ROVA, E./TONUSSI, M. (Eds.) 2017 At the Northern Frontier of Near Eastern Archaeology: Recent Research on Caucasia and Anatolia in the Bronze Age (Proceedings of the Humboldt Kolleg Venice, 09-12/01/2013) (Subartu 38). Turnhout.
  • SAGONA, A. 2004 “Social Boundaries and Ritual Landscapes in Late Prehistoric Trans-Caucasus and Highland Anatolia”, in A View from the Highlands. Archaeological Studies in Honour of Charles Burney (Ed. A. Sagona) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 12). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 475-538.
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  • SAGONA, A./ABRAMISHVILI, M. (Eds.) 2008 Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA.
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BURIAL CUSTOMS BETWEEN THE LATE CHALCOLITHIC AND THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN THE SHIDA KARTLI REGION OF GEORGIA

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 1, 37 - 56, 01.03.2018

Elena Rova

Öz

The paper analyses the development of burial customs in the Shida Kartli region of Georgia from the Late Chalcolithic until the end of the Early Bronze Age, especially focusing on the Kura-Araxes culture and on the culture Martqopi, Bedeni of the following Early Kurgan period. It summarises available evidence in the light of a recent revision carried out in the framework of the “Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project” and compares it with contemporary evidence from the neighbouring regions of the Southern Caucasus and of the Upper Turkish Euphrates region. Analogies and differences are highlighted and analysed, with a special attention to the diffusion of barrow graves kurgans , in the general framework of diachronic developments in interregional relations in the 4th and 3rdmillennium BC

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cemeteries graves Shida Kartli region Kura-Araxes culture Bedeni culture Martqopi culture Early

Kaynakça

  • AKHUNDOV, T. 2007 “Sites de migrantes venus du Proche-Orient en Transcaucasie, in Les cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe mill. avant notre ère): leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient (Ed. B. Lyonnet). Paris: 95-121.
  • APAKIDZE, A.M./NIKOLAISHVILI, V.V./NARIMANISHVILI, G.K./DAVLIANIDZE, R.V./SADRADZE, V.G./ KHETSURIANI, L.G./IREMASHVILI, SH.A./ NONEISHVILI, A.I. 1995 “Mtskhetskaja Ekspetsija” (Mtskheta Expedition), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1987 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1987): 83-89 (in Russian).
  • APAKIDZE, A./NIKOLAISHVILI, V./GIUNASHVILI, G./DAVLIANIDZE, R./NARIMANISHVILI, G./ SADRADZE, V./ DZNELADZE, M./IREMASHVILI, SH./CHEZURIANI, L./NONEISHVILI, A./GAVASHELI, E. 2004 “Mtskhetis Ekspeditsia” (Expedition von Mzcheta), Savele arqeologiuri kvleva-dzieba 1989-1992 tslebshi (mokle angarishebi) (Archäologische Geländearbeiten in Georgien 1989-1992): 70-81 (in Georgian with German summary).
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2003 Grab- und Bestattungssitten des späten 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. im Kaukasusgebiet. Wilkau-Haßlau.
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2005 “Probleme der ostanatolischen/südkaukasischen Bronzezeit: ca. 2500-1600 v. u. Z.”, TÜBA-AR 8: 61-84.
  • BERTRAM, J.-K. 2010 “Zum Martqopi-Bedeni-Horizont im Südkaukasusgebiet”, in Von Majkop bis Trialeti - Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.-2. Jts. v. Chr. (Eds. S. Hansen / A. Hauptmann / I. Motzenbäcker / E. Pernicka) (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 13). Bonn: 253-261.
  • BRERETON, G. 2013 “Cultures of Infancy and Capital Accumulation in Pre-urban Mesopotamia”, World Archaeology 45:2: 232-251.
  • CARMINATI, E. 2017 “The Martqopi and Bedeni Components of the Early Kurgan Complex in Shida Kartli (Georgia): A Reappraisal of the Available Data”, in At the Northern Frontier of Near Eastern Archaeology: Recent Research on Caucasia and Anatolia in the Bronze Age (Proceedings of the Humboldt Kolleg Venice, 09-12/01/2013) (Eds. E. Rova / M. Tonussi) (Subartu 38). Turnhout: 173-188.
  • CHATAIGNER, C./PALUMBI, G. (Eds.) 2014 The Kura-Araxes Culture from the Caucasus to Iran, Anatolia and the Levant. Between Unity and Diversity (= Paléorient 40.2 thematic issue).
  • CHILASHVILI, L. 1964 Naqalaqari Urbnisi (The Urban Site of Urbnisi). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • FRANGIPANE, M. 2007-2008 “The Arslantepe «Royal Tomb»: New Funerary Customs and Political Changes in the Upper Euphrates Valley at the Beginning of the Third Millennium BC”, Scienze dell’Antichità 14/1: 169-194.
  • FRANGIPANE, M./DI NOCERA, G.M./HAUPTMANN, A./MORBIDELLI, P./PALMIERI, A.M./SADORI, L./ SCHULTZ, M./SCHMIDT-SCHULTZ, T. 2001 “New Symbols of a New Power in a “Royal” Tomb from 3000 BC Arslantepe, Malatya (Turkey)”, Paléorient 27/2: 105-139.
  • GAGOSHIDZE, I. 2012 “Doghlauri (Aradetis Orgora) Cemetery”, Online Archaeology 3: 12-19 (http://heritagesites.ge/files/Axali%20 Jurnali%203%20iEnglish/, last consulted 11/2013.
  • GAGOSHIDZE, I./ROVA, E. 2018 “New Investigations at Aradetis Orgora, a Multiperiod Centre of the Shida Kartli Region in Georgia”, in Context and Connection: Essays on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of Antonio Sagona (Eds. A. Batmaz / G. Bedianashvili / A. Michalewicz / A. Robinson), (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 268), Leuven: 521-546.
  • GELASHVILI, B. 2014 “Gviandeli brinjaos khanis iaraghebi doghlauris samarovnidan” (Late Bronze Age Weapons from the Doghlauri Cemetery), Online Archaeology 6: 203-215 (in Georgian). (http://www.heritagesites.ge/upload/file/1431005127.pdf, last consulted 11/2013).
  • GHAMBASHIDZE, I./MINDIASHVILI, G./GOGOCHURI, G./KAKHIANI, K./JAPARIDZE, I. 2010 Udzvelesi metalurgia da samto saqme Saqartveloshi dzv. ts. VI - III atastsleulebshi (Alte Metallurgie und Bergbau in Georgien in 6.-3. Jt. v. Chr.). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • GLONTI, L./KETSKHOVELI, M./PALUMBI, G. 2008 “The Cemetery at Kvatskhelebi”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 153-184.
  • HANSEN, S./HAUPTMANN, A./MOTZENBÄCKER, I./PERNICKA, E. (EDS.) 2010 Von Majkop bis Trialeti. Gewinnung und Verbreitung von Metallen und Obsidian in Kaukasien im 4.–2. Jt. v. Chr. (Kolloquien zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 13). Bonn.
  • IVANOVA, M. 2013 The Black Sea and the Early Civilizations of Europe, the Near East and Asia. Cambridge.
  • JALABADZE, M./GHLONTI, L./KORIDZE, I./ KETSKHOVELI, M./CHILASHVILI, I. 2012 “Early Bronze Age Cemeteries from Shida Kartli (Kura-Araxes, Bedeni)”, in Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Graves (Eds. M. Puturidze / E. Rova) (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project I) (Subartu 30). Turnhout: 59-94.
  • JALABADZE, M./PALUMBI, G. 2008 “Kura-Araxes Tombs at Takhtidziri”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 117-123.
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1955 Litonis tsarmoebis adreuli sapekhuri saqartveloshi (The Early Phase of Metal Production in Georgia). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1961 Kartveli tomebis istoriis litonis tsarmoebis adreul sapekhurze (On the History of Georgian Tribes in the Aeneolithic and Early Bronze Ages). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. 1998 Kartveli tomebis etnokulturuli istoriisatvis dzv.ts. III atastsleulshi (adreqorghanuli kultura) (Zur ethnokulturellen Geschichte der georgischen Stämme im 3. Jahrtausend v. Chr.). Tbilisi (in Georgian with German summary).
  • JAPARIDZE, O. (Ed.) 1992 Sakartvelos arkeologia. v. II. Eneolit–adre brinjaos khana (Archaeology of Georgia. Vol. II. The Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age). Tbilisi (in Georgian).
  • JAVAKHISHVILI, A./GLONTI, L. 1962 Urbnisi I: Kvatskhelebis (Tvlepia-Kokhis) Namosakhlarze 1954-1961 ts. Chatarebuli Gatkhrebi (Urbnisi I: Archaeological Excavations conducted at Kvatskhelebi (Tvlepia-Kokhi) in 1954-1961). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • KAKHIANI, K./SAGONA, A./SAGONA, C./KVAVADZE E./BEDIANASHVILI G./MASSAGER E./ MARTIN L./ HERRSCHER, E./MARTKOPLISHVILI, I./BIRKETT-REES, J./ LONGFORD, C. 2013 “Archaeological Investigations at Chobareti in Southern Georgia, the Caucasus”, Ancient Near Estearn Studies 50: 1-138.
  • KIKVIDZE, I. 1972 Poselelenie Epoki Rannei Bronzi Khizanaant Gora (Early Bronze Age Settlement of Khizanaant Gora). Tbilisi (in Russian).
  • KORIDZE, I./PALUMBI, G. 2008 “Kura-Araxes Tombs at Aradetis Orgora” in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona, M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 125-152.
  • KUFTIN, B.A. 1949 Arkheologicheskaiya marshrutnaiya ekspeditsia 1945 godu v iugo osetiyu I imetetiyu (Archaeological Expedition in South Ossetia and Imeretia in 1945). Tbilisi (in Russian).
  • KUFTIN, B.A. 1974 Arkheologicheskaiya marshrutnaiya ekspeditsija v basseine rek Liakhvi, Prone, Kvirili I srednego Rioni v 1951 godu (Archaeological Expedition in the Basin of the Rivers Liakhvi, Prone, Kvirila and Middle Part of Rioni in 1951), Vestnik gosudarstvennogo muzeya gruzii (Bulletin of the State Museum of Georgia), 30 B: 131-153 (in Russian).
  • KUSHNAREVA, K.KH. 1997 The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socio-Economic Development from the Eight to the Second Millennium B.C. (University Museum Monograph 99). Philadelphia.
  • LYONNET, B. (Ed.) 2007 Les cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe millénaires avant notre ère). Leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient. Paris.
  • LYONNET, B./AKHUNDOV, T./ALMAMEDOV, K. 2008 “Late Chalcolithic Kurgans in Transcaucasia. The Cemetery of Soyuk Bulaq (Azerbaijan)”, AMIT 40: 27-44.
  • MAKHALATIA, S. 1943 Tqviavis qhorghanuli samarkhebis arqeologiuri gatkhrebi (Archaeological Excavations of the Tqhviavi Kurgan Burials). Tbilisi (in Georgian with Russian summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z. 2007 “Nouvelles données sur le Chalcolithique en Géorgie orientale”, in Les cultures du Caucase (VIe-IIIe millénaires avant notre ère). Leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient (Ed. B. Lyonnet). Paris: 123-132.
  • MAKHARADZE, Z. 2008 “The Settlement of Tsikhiagora and the Early Barrows at Kavtiskhevi”, in Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Eds. A. Sagona / M. Abramishvili) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 63-104.
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./MURVANIDZE, B. 2014A “Korgan “Tchintchrianis Gora”” (Kurgan “Tchintchrianis Gora”), Dziebani 22: 69-90 (in Georgian with English summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./MURVANIDZE, B. 2014B “Ananauris # 3 didi korgani” (Ananauri № 3 Big Kurgan), Dziebani 22: 2014: 50-68 (in Georgian with English summary).
  • MAKHARADZE, Z./KALANDADZE, N./MURVANIDZE, B. (Eds.) 2016 Ananauri Big Kurgan 3. Tbilisi.
  • MINDIASHVILI, G. 1984 “Arkheologicheskaja Ekspeditsija v Sel. Kheltubani (Goriiskii Raion)” (Archaeological Expedition in the Kheltubani Village (Gori Region)), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1981 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1981): 21-22 (in Russian).
  • MINDIASHVILI, G. 1985 “Arkheologicheskaja ekspeditsija Goriskogo raiona” (Archaeological Expedition in the Gori Region), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1982 godu (Archaeological Field Investigations in 1982): 36-37 (in Russian).
  • MINDIASHVILI, G./MURVANIDZE, B./RAMISHVILI, A./CHIKOVANI, G. 2003 “Arqeologiuri gatkhrebi (dzeglebi) dasavletis mimartulebis saeksporto milsadenis 143-e kilometrze” (Archaeological Excavations (Sites) Westwards of the Pipeline km 143), in Milsadeni Arqeologia II (Pipeline Archaeology II), Tbilisi: 65-94.
  • MIRON, A./ORTHMANN, W. (Eds.) 1995 Unterwegs zum Goldenen Vlies. Archäologische Funde aus Georgien. Saarbrücken.
  • PALUMBI, G. 2007-2008 “From Collective Burials to Symbols of Power. The Translation of Role and Meanings of the Stone-lined Cist Burial Tradition from Southern Caucasus to the Euphrates Valley”, Scienze dell’Antichità 14/1: 141- 167.
  • PALUMBI, G. 2008 The Red and Black. Social and Cultural Interactions between the Upper Euphrates and Southern Caucasus Communities in the 4th and 3rd Millennium BC (Studi di Preistoria Orientale 2). Roma.
  • POULMARC’H, M. 2014 Pratiques funéraires et identité biologique des populations du Sud Caucase, du Néolithique à la fin de la culture Kura-Araxe (6ème - 3ème millénaire av. J.- C.): une approche archéo-anthropologique (Unpublished PhD thesis Université Lumière Lyon 2).
  • POULMARC’H, M./PECQUEUR, L./JALILOV, B. 2014 “An Overview of Kura-Araxes Funerary Practices in the Southern Caucasus”, Paléorient 40/2: 231-246.
  • PUTURIDZE, M. 2012 “The Dynamic of Continuity in Ceramic Production at the Middle of the III Millennium B.C.”, Studies in Caucasian Archaeology I: 12-70.
  • PUTURIDZE, M./ROVA, E. (Eds.) 2012 Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Graves (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project I) (Subartu 30). Turnhout.
  • PUTURIDZE, M./ROVA, E. (Eds.) in preparation Khashuri Natsargora: The Early Bronze Age Settlement (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project III) (Subartu). Turnhout.
  • RAMISHVILI, A. 2013 (Ed. B. MURVANIDZE) Natsargora. Adre brinjaos khanis namosakhlari da samarovani (Natsargora. Early Bronze Age Settlement and Cemetery) (Khashuris arkeologiuri ekspeditsiis shromebi VI) (Works of the Khashuri Archaeological Expedition VI). Tbilisi (in Georgian with English summary).
  • ROTHMAN, M.S. (Ed.) 2001 Uruk Mesopotamia & Its Neighbors: Cross-cultural Interactions in the Era of State Formation. Santa Fe.
  • ROVA, E. 2014 “The Kura-Araxes Culture in the Shida Kartli Region of Georgia: An Overview”, Paléorient 40/2: 45-67.
  • ROVA, E./PUTURIDZE, M./MAKHARADZE, Z. 2011 “The Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project: A Report on the First Two Field Seasons 2009 and 2010”, Rivista di Archeologia 34 (2010): 5-30.
  • ROVA, E./MAKHARADZE, Z./PUTURIDZE, M. 2017 “Khashuri Natsargora: New Research on the Kura-Araxes and Bedeni Cultures in Central Georgia”, in At the Northern Frontier of Near Eastern Archaeology: Recent Research on Caucasia and Anatolia in the Bronze Age (Publications of the Georgian-Italian Shida Kartli Archaeological Project, 2) (Proceedings of the international Humboldt-Kolleg Venice, January 9th -January 12th, 2013) (Eds. E. Rova / M. Tonussi) (Subartu 38), Turnhout: 153-171.
  • ROVA, E./TONUSSI, M. (Eds.) 2017 At the Northern Frontier of Near Eastern Archaeology: Recent Research on Caucasia and Anatolia in the Bronze Age (Proceedings of the Humboldt Kolleg Venice, 09-12/01/2013) (Subartu 38). Turnhout.
  • SAGONA, A. 2004 “Social Boundaries and Ritual Landscapes in Late Prehistoric Trans-Caucasus and Highland Anatolia”, in A View from the Highlands. Archaeological Studies in Honour of Charles Burney (Ed. A. Sagona) (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 12). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA: 475-538.
  • SAGONA, A. 2014 “Rethinking the Kura-Araxes Genesis”, Paléorient 40/2: 23-46.
  • SAGONA, A./ABRAMISHVILI, M. (Eds.) 2008 Archaeology in Southern Caucasus: Perspectives from Georgia (Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 19). Leuven, Paris, Dudley, MA.
  • SHATBERASHVILI, Z. 1976 “Raskopki Kurganov Doesi i Okhera” (Excavations of Kurgans in Doesi and Okhera), Polevije Arkheologicheskie Issledovanija v 1974 godu (Field Archaeological Research in 1974): 55-56 (in Russian).
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Yazarlar

Elena Rova Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Rova, E. (2018). GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi(1), 37-56.
AMA Rova E. GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ. TÜBA-AR. Mart 2018;(1):37-56.
Chicago Rova, Elena. “GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy. 1 (Mart 2018): 37-56.
EndNote Rova E (01 Mart 2018) GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 1 37–56.
IEEE E. Rova, “GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ”, TÜBA-AR, sy. 1, ss. 37–56, Mart2018.
ISNAD Rova, Elena. “GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi 1 (Mart2018), 37-56.
JAMA Rova E. GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ. TÜBA-AR. 2018;:37–56.
MLA Rova, Elena. “GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ”. TÜBA-AR Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi, sy. 1, 2018, ss. 37-56.
Vancouver Rova E. GÜRCİSTAN SHIDA KARTLI BÖLGESİNDE GEÇ KALKOLİTİK VE İLK TUNÇ ÇAĞ ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ. TÜBA-AR. 2018(1):37-56.

Yayıncı

34406

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