BACTRİA MARGİANA KÜLTÜREL KOMPLEKSİ İÇİNDE ANIT MEZARLARI: KUZEYDOĞU İRAN’DA BİR ÇALIŞMA

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 1, 139 - 148, 01.03.2018

Farshid Iravanı Ghadım , Hamed Tahmasebı Zave

Öz

MÖ 2300-1500 yıllarına tarihlenen Bactria Margiana Arkeoloji Kompleksi BMAC günümüzde Kuzeydoğu İran,Güney Türkmenistan, Kuzey Afganistan ve Tacikistan ile Özbekistan’ın bir bölümünü kapsayan geniş bir alandamaddi ve manevi yeniliklerle gelişti.Mezar gelenekleri, geçmiş toplumların maddi olmayan yönlerini anlamayı sağlayabilir. Bu bağlamda, Kuzeydoğuİran’daki Bactria Margiana kültürünün yükselişinin, Anıt Mezar olarak bilinen yeni bir mezar türünün ortaya çıkışıile eşzamanlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu terim, insan kalıntıları bulunmayan ve sadece merasimi onurlandıran ritüelbağlamda bırakılan bir grup mezar hediyesi içeren bir dizi mezar için geçerlidir.Yeni mezar uygulaması BMAC nüfuslarının inanç ve ritüel sistemlerini yeniden yapılandırmada birincil önemtaşıdıklarından, bu yazı, bu grupların inanç sistemine ışık tutabilecek bir girişim olan Kuzeydoğu İran’da yenidefin türünü tartışmaya başlamıştır. Çalışma alanındaki ilgili gömüler, Neyshabur’daki Shahrak-e Firouzehve Jajarm’daki Chalow yerleşim yerlerinden gelmektedir. Bölgedeki defin türü BMAC inanç ve ideolojisininyaygınlaştırılmasına bağlanabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bactria Margiana Arkeoloji Kompleksi Kültürü BMAC, Kuzeydoğu İran, Anıt Mezar, Ritüeller

CENOTAPHS IN THE BACTRIA MARGIANA ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX DOMAIN: A CASE STUDY OF NORTHEAST IRAN

Öz

Spanning 2300-1500 BC, the Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex BMAC was developed with a series of material and spiritual innovations in a vast region today comprising Northeast Iran, South Turkmenistan, North Afghanistan, and parts of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Burial traditions can provide an understanding of the intangible aspects of past societies. In this context, it is witnessed that the rise of the Bactria Margiana culture in Northeast Iran is concomitant with the appearance of a new burial form come to known as cenotaph. The term applies to a series of graves that lack human remains and only contain a group of burial gifts deposited in ritual context to honor the deceased. Since the new mortuary practice is of primary importance in reconstructing the belief and ritual systems of the BMAC populations, the present paper sets to present and discuss the cenotaphs recorded in NE Iran, an attempt which might shed some light on the belief system of these groups. Related burials in the study area come from the two settlement sites of Shahrak-e Firouzeh in Neyshabur and Chalow in Jajarm. The instigation of cenotaphs in the region can be attributed to the dissemination of the BMAC’s beliefs and ideology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bactria Margiana Archaeological Complex’s Culture BMAC, Northeast Iran, Cenotaph, Rituals

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