Yapay zekânın multidisipliner alanlardaki uygulamaları

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 165 - 186, 19.10.2025

Erol Kına

https://doi.org/10.70562/tubid.1728656

Öz

Yapay zekâ (YZ), öğrenme, akıl yürütme, problem çözme ve dil işleme gibi insan bilişsel yetilerini taklit eden sistemleri kapsayan disiplinler arası bir bilim ve teknoloji alanıdır. Alan Turing’in “makineler düşünebilir mi?” sorusuyla temellenen YZ, 1956’daki Dartmouth Konferansı ile akademik bir alan hâline gelmiş ve günümüzde derin öğrenme, doğal dil işleme ve bilgisayarla görme gibi alt alanlarla önemli bir dönüşüm yaşamıştır.
Bu çalışmada, YZ’nin kavramsal temelleri ve teknolojik bileşenleri açıklanmış; ardından sağlık, tarım, gıda, mühendislik, eğitim, hukuk, sosyal bilimler, ekonomi ve sanat gibi disiplinlerdeki uygulamaları güncel çalışmalarla desteklenerek kapsamlı biçimde incelenmiş ve literatürdeki yöntemsel yaklaşımlar tablolaştırılarak karşılaştırmalı bir çerçeve sunulmuştur. Ayrıca YZ'nin etik, hukuki ve toplumsal boyutları ele alınmış; veri gizliliği, algoritmik önyargı ve açıklanabilirlik gibi konular değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, YZ’nin teknik yetkinliklerinin yanı sıra disiplinler arası kullanım potansiyelini ve çok yönlü etkilerini ortaya koyarak, bu alandaki araştırmalara bütüncül bir bakış açısı sunmayı amaçlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yapay zekâ , makine öğrenmesi , doğal dil işleme , duygu analizi , disiplinler arası uygulamalar

Applications of artificial intelligence in multidisciplinary fields

Öz

Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary field of science and technology that encompasses systems capable of mimicking human cognitive abilities such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and language processing. Rooted in Alan Turing’s question “Can machines think?”, AI was established as an academic discipline at the 1956 Dartmouth Conference and has since undergone a major transformation with the development of subfields such as deep learning, natural language processing, and computer vision.
This study presents the conceptual foundations and technological components of AI, followed by a comprehensive analysis of its applications in disciplines such as healthcare, agriculture, food science, engineering, education, law, social sciences, economics, and the arts, supported by recent literature. Methodological approaches from the literature have been tabulated to offer a comparative framework. In addition, the ethical, legal, and societal dimensions of AI—such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and explainability—are discussed. The study aims to provide a holistic perspective on AI by highlighting not only its technical capabilities but also its interdisciplinary applicability and broad-ranging impacts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Artificial intelligence , machine learning , natural language processing (NLP) , sentiment analysis , interdisciplinary applications

Kaynakça

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