Uzaktan algılama ile yüzey alanı değişiminin belirlenmesi: Tuz Gölü örneği

Öz

Günümüzde teknolojilerin ilerlemesi ve uygulamaların geliştirilmesiyle Uzaktan Algılama (UA) tekniğinin kullanımı yaygın bir hale gelmektedir.UA sayesinde arazi yüzey alanlarının belirlenmesi, değişim analizi yapılması, su kaynaklarının korunması, haritalanması ve sürdürülebilir yönetimi gibi uygulamalar hayata geçirilmeye başlanmıştır. Özellikle su/göl kaynaklarının yüzey alanlarındaki zamansal değişimlerin izlenmesinde UA ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) büyük avantaj ve kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Seçilen bir su kaynağının yüzey alanının aylara veya yıllara göre zamansal değişimi gözlemlenmektedir. Göller, karasal alanlardaki önemli su kaynaklarıdır. Bu çalışmada Tuz Gölü'nün yüzey alanları son on yıl (2014-2023) için yaz aylarında (7. ve 8. aylar) UA tekniği kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Belirlenen çalışma alanında Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Yöntem olarak kontrolsüz sınıflandırmadaki Iterative Self Organizing Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) tercih edilmiştir. Bulutluluk oranının düşük olması nedeniyle görüntüler genellikle Ağustos ayında elde edilmiştir. Bu görüntülerden NDVI (Normalleştirilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi) ve NDWI (Normalleştirilmiş Fark Su İndeksi) aracılığıyla bitki örtüsü/su alanı analizi yapılarak bölgedeki kuraklık ve sulak alan izlenmiştir. NDVI sonuçlarına göre en yüksek ve en düşük değerlerin sırasıyla 2022 yılında 0,73 ve 2017 yılında 0,59 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 2022 yılında NDWI indeksi için bu değerler sırasıyla 0,66 ve -0,98 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tuz Gölü'nün son 10 yıllık zaman diliminde ortalama yüzey alanı 999.464 km2 olarak bulunmuş olup, yıllar arasındaki değişimler birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uzaktan Algılama
• Kontrolsüz Sınıflandırma
• NDVI
• NDWI
• Tuz Gölü

Determination of surface area change with remote sensing: The case of Salt Lake

Öz

Nowadays, with the advancement of technologies and development of applications, the use of Remote Sensing (RS) techniques is becoming widespread. Thanks to RS, applications such as determination of land surface areas, change analysis, protection of water resources, mapping and sustainable management have begun to be realized. RS and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provide great advantages and convenience especially in monitoring the temporal changes in the surface areas of water/lake resources. The temporal change of the surface area of a selected water source is observed over months and years. Lakes are important water resources located in terrestrial areas. In this study, it is aimed to determine the surface area change of Salt Lake in the last decade (2014-2023) using RS technique. The determined study area was obtained from Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS satellite images, especially in the summer months (7th and 8th months). Iterative Self-Organized Data Analysis Technique (ISODATA) was preferred as the method for unsupervised classification. Due to the low cloudiness, the images were generally obtained in August. From these images, vegetation/water area was analyzed using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) and drought and wetlands in the region were monitored. According to the NDVI results, the highest value was determined as 0.73 in 2022 and the lowest value was determined as 0.59 in 2017. For the NDWI index in 2022, these values were calculated as 0.66 and -0.98, respectively. The average surface area of the Salt Lake in the last decade was found to be 999,464 km², and the changes between the years were compared with each other.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Remote Sensing
• Unsupervised Classification
• NDVI
• NDWI
• Salt Lake

Kaynakça

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