Comparison of Thyroid Function Tests in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether there were abnormalities in thyroid hormone levels and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus. Material and Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 107 pregnant women. Clinical data related to maternal age, gestational week, body mass index, thyroid function tests, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, fasting blood glucose tests and HbA1c levels were obtained. The Pearson chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, independent samples t-test, the Spearman correlation coefficient and Logistic regression model were performed. Results: Gestational diabetes mellitus group was significantly older (p=0.001). Body mass index was statistically different between the two groups (p=0.002). There were statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose and HbA1c between the two groups (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). The frequency of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was higher in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, but the result was not statistically significant (p=0.716). Euthyroidism (57.9%) was more prevalent in all patients. While cases of subclinical hypothyroidism were statistically significantly different between gestational diabetes mellitus and non-gestational diabetes mellitus groups (p<0.001), euthyroidism and isolated hypothyroxinemia had no significant differences (p=0.093 and p=0.220, respectively). Our results suggest that pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism are 5.5 times more likely to be gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy was detected more frequently in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in women without gestational diabetes mellitus. Taken together, women with GDM should be performed thyroid tests and anti TPO routinely.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gestational diabetes mellitus
• Hypothyroidism
• Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies

Gestasyonel Diyabetli ve Gestasyonel Diyabet Olmayan Gebelerde Tiroid Fonksiyon Testlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gestasyonel diyabeti olan ve olmayan gebelerde tiroid hormon düzeylerinde ve anti-tiroid peroksidaz antikorlarında farklılık olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 107 gebe kadının tıbbi kayıtlarını incelendi. Anne yaşı, gebelik haftası, vücut kütle indeksi, tiroid fonksiyon testleri ve antitiroid peroksidaz antikorları, açlık kan şekeri testleri ve HbA1c düzeyleri ile ilgili klinik veriler elde edildi. Pearson ki-kare testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve bağımsız örnekler t testi, Spearman korelasyon katsayısı ve lojistik regresyon modeli uygulandı Bulgular: Gestasyonel diyabet grubu anlamlı olarak daha yaşlıydı (p=0,001). Vücut kütle indeksi iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak farklıydı (p=0,002). İki grup arasında açlık kan şekeri ve HbA1c açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar vardı (sırasıyla p<0,001 ve p=0,004). Gestasyonel diyabetli gebelerde anti-tiroid peroksidaz antikorları sıklığı daha yüksekti, ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p=0,716). Ötiroidizm (%57,9) tüm hastalarda daha yaygındı. Subklinik hipotiroidi olguları GDM’li olan ve olmayan gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p<0,001), ötiroidizm ve izole hipotiroksinemi arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı (sırasıyla p=0,093 ve p=0,220). Sonuçlarımız subklinik hipotiroidizmi olan gebelerin gestasyonel diyabet olma olasılığının 5,5 kat daha fazla olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç: Gestasyonel diyabetli kadınlarda gebelikteki subklinik hipotiroidizm gestasyonel diyabetli olmayan kadınlardan daha sık saptanmıştır. Gestasyonel diyabetli kadınlara rutin olarak tiroid testleri yapılmalı ve anti-tiroid peroksidaz antikorlarına bakılmalıdır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gestasyonel diyabet
• hipotiroidizm
• anti tiroid peroksidaz antikorları

Kaynakça

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