Sanal Gerçeklik Yoluyla Kullanıcı ve Ziyaretçi Deneyiminin Zenginleştirilmesi: Smyrna Agorası Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Öz

Bu çalışma, deneyim ekonomisi ve yeni müzecilik kuramsal çerçevesine dayalı olarak, sürükleyici sanal ortamlarda kullanıcı deneyimi (UX) ile kültürel miras alanlarındaki ziyaretçi deneyimi (VX) arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Araştırma, antik Helenistik-Roma dönemine ait bir alan için geliştirilen ve İzmir Kent Değerlerini Koruma ve Geliştirme Derneği tarafından, T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı ile Avrupa Birliği desteğiyle yürütülen “Kültürel Miras Yaşıyor” (2022) projesi kapsamında oluşturulan Smyrna Agorası Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulaması’na odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada mevcudiyet, sürükleyicilik, katılım, akış, beceri, duygu, yargı, deneyim sonucu ve teknoloji benimseme olmak üzere kullanıcı deneyiminin dokuz boyutu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, bu boyutların ziyaretçi deneyimini nasıl etkilediğini ve bu etkilerin katılımcıların daha önce VR teknolojisi kullanıp kullanmamalarına veya kültürel miras alanını daha önce ziyaret edip etmemelerine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış; 18–25 yaş aralığında 140 üniversite öğrencisine sanal gerçeklik deneyimi sonrasında anket uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan ölçme araçları, kullanıcı deneyimi ve ziyaretçi deneyimini değerlendiren geçerliliği kanıtlanmış iki ölçekten uyarlanmıştır. Bulgular, kullanıcı deneyimi ile ziyaretçi deneyimi arasında güçlü ve pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Daha önce VR deneyimi yaşamış olmak ya da alana fiziksel olarak daha önce gitmiş olmak, katılımcı yanıtlarını anlamlı düzeyde etkilememiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültürel Miras
• Sanal Gerçeklik
• Ziyaretçi Deneyimi
• Kullanıcı Deneyimi
• Smyrna Agorası

Enhancing User and Visitor Experience through Virtual Reality: A Research on the Agora of Smyrna

Öz

This study, grounded in the theoretical frameworks of the experience economy and new museology, investigates the relationship between user experience (UX) in immersive virtual environments and visitor experience in cultural heritage settings. It focuses on the Smyrna Agora Virtual Reality Application, created for an ancient Hellenistic-Roman site and developed under the “Heritage Alive” project (2022) by the İzmir Association for the Protection and Development of Urban Values, with support from the T.C. Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the European Union. The research evaluates nine UX dimensions: presence, immersion, engagement, flow, skill, emotion, judgment, experience consequence, and technology adoption. The primary aim is to examine how these dimensions affect the visitor experience and whether outcomes differ based on participants’ prior use of VR or visits to the heritage site. A quantitative design was adopted, with surveys administered to 140 undergraduate students aged 18–25 after their VR engagement. The instruments used were adapted from two validated UX and visitor experience scales. Results show a strong, positive correlation between UX and visitor experience. However, previous VR familiarity or prior visits to the site did not significantly influence participants’ responses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cultural Heritage
• Virtual Reality
• Visitor Experience
• User Experience
• Agora of Smyrna

Kaynakça

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