Bir Yabancılaşma Düşünürü Olarak Kierkegaard

Öz

Yabancılaşma, hem Hegel ve Marx ile başlayan 19. yüzyıl felsefî geleneğinde hem de 20. yüzyılın ayrışık varoluşçu düşünce ekolünde kilit bir temadır. Kierkegaard sıklıkla bu düşünce geleneklerinin anlatılarına dahil edilmiş, fakat onun bu konuya esas katkısı tartışmalı olmuştur. Marx veya Sartre gibi figürlerin aksine Kierkegaard, “yabancılaşma” terimini [eserlerinde] neredeyse hiçbir zaman açık bir şekilde kullanmamıştır. O hâlde mesele, bir yorum meselesi hâline gelmektedir: Kierkegaard’taki hangi düşünceler, yabancılaşma kavramına diğer düşünürler ve bu geleneklerde bulunduğu gibi bir aile benzerliği taşıyor? Bu makalede, anlam yüklü bir şekilde yabancılaşma biçimleri olarak adlandırılabileceğine inandığım kavramların tartışıldığı, Kierkegaard’dan üç ayrı metin belirledim: Ya/Ya da’dan “En Mutsuz Olan”, Bir Edebî İnceleme’den “Mevcut Çağ” ve Ölüme Götüren Hastalık’tan farklı umutsuzluk aşamaları. Amaç bu metinleri, tamamıyla Kierkegaard’ın yabancılaşma kavramına ilişkin bir anlayış geliştirmek adına, temel veya başlangıç noktası olarak kullanmaktır. Daha sonra bu, Kierkegaard’ın sırasıyla felsefenin 19. ve 20. yüzyıllardaki gelişimine olan katkısını daha kesin bir biçimde belirlememize de yardımcı olacak.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ya/Ya da
• Umutsuzluk
• Ölüme Götüren Hastalık
• Hegel
• Mutsuz Bilinç
• Umut

Kierkegaard as a Thinker of Alienation

Öz

Alienation is a key theme in both the philosophical tradition of the 19th century that begins with Hegel and Marx and in heterogenous school of existentialist thought in the 20th century. Kierkegaard is often included in narratives of these philosophical traditions, but his contribution to this topic is problematic. Unlike figures such as Marx or Sartre, he almost never uses the term “alienation” explicitly. The question then becomes one of interpretation: what ideas in Kierkegaard bear a meaningful family resemblance to the concept as it is found in other thinkers in these traditions? In this article I have identified three different texts from Kierkegaard in which concepts are discussed that I believe can be meaningfully designated as forms of alienation: “The Unhappiest One,” from Either/Or, “The Present Age” from A Literary Review, and the different stages of despair in The Sickness unto Death. The goal is simply to use these texts as the basis or starting point for developing an understanding of Kierkegaard’s concept of alienation. This will then in turn help us to determine more precisely his contribution to the development of philosophy in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Either/Or
• Despair
• The Sickness Unto Death
• Hegel
• The Unhappy Consciousness
• Hope

Kaynakça

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