THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN PUBLIC POLICIES: EXAMPLES FROM THE WORLD AND TURKEY / Kamu Politikalarında Davranışsal İktisadın Önemi: Dünya ve Türkiye’den Uygulama Örnekleri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 237 - 262, 30.04.2020

Esra Kılıç

https://doi.org/10.29216/ueip.672686

Cited By: 3

Öz

The success of public policy is related to understand the
non-hypothetical real individual’s behaviours and preferences. Thus, behavioural
public policies have become more preferred day by day. In 2018, minimum 202
public institutes across the world applied behavioural insights for their
policies. This study aims to answer the questions as; how the behavioural
approaches could integrate to public policies, what kind of applications about behavioural
public policies are there and how efficient these policies are. By this way,
the importance and necessity of behavioural public policies are discussed. In this
study literature review method is used. As a result, it is concluded that public policies based on behavioural
methods as nudging subconscious, persuading through their peers and social
marketing by choice architectures are more effective than public policies based
on financial incentives and prohibitions. Based on the implementations of countries and international
organizations. it is thought that; behavioural public
policies are more efficient than common public policy practices in increasing
social welfare with low cost. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Behavioural Public Policies, Behavioural Economics, Nudge, Behavioural Insight Team

KAMU POLİTİKALARINDA DAVRANIŞSAL İKTİSADIN ÖNEMİ: DÜNYA VE TÜRKİYE’DEN UYGULAMA ÖRNEKLERİ / The Importance Of Behavioral Economics In Public Policies: Examples From The World and Turkey

Öz

Kamu politikasının başarısı varsayımsal olmayan
gerçek bireylerin davranış ve tercihlerinin anlaşılması ile ilişkili olmaktadır.
Buradan hareketle davranışsal kamu politikaları her geçen gün daha tercih
edilir hale gelmektedir. 2018’de dünya genelinde en az 202 kamu kuruluşu
politikalarında davranışsal iç görülere başvurmaktadır. Buradan hareketle
çalışmada; kamu politikalarına davranışsal yaklaşımlar nasıl entegre
edilebilir; ne tür uygulama örnekleri bulunmakta ve ne ölçüde verim sağlanmakta
sorularının cevaplandırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu yolla davranışsal kamu politikalarının
gerekliliği ve önemi tartışılmaktadır. Çalışmada literatür değerlendirmesi
yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. Neticede kamu politikalarının maddi teşvik ve yasaklardan
ziyade seçim mimarları tarafından bilinçaltını dürtme, akranları aracılığıyla
ikna etme ve toplumsal pazarlama gibi davranışsal yöntemlere dayalı olmasının
daha etkili olacağı sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır. Ülke ve uluslararası kuruluşların
uygulamalarından yola çıkılarak düşük maliyetle toplumsal refahı arttırmada
davranışsal kamu politikalarının yaygın kamu politikası uygulamalarından daha
etkin olacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Davranışsal Kamu Politikaları, Davranışsal İktisat, Dürtme, Davranışsal İç Görü Takımı

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