Differences in Efficiency of Innovation Performance among Middle Income Countries: An Empirical Approach
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine empirically the differences in the efficiency of innovation performance in middle-income countries. To achieve this aim, it was used cluster analysis which is one of the multivariate statistical techniques. Ward’s agglomerative hierarchical method was employed for cluster analysis. In determining efficiency of innovation performance, it was followed process suggested by Kula and Ünlü (2019). So, cluster analysis was performed separately for inputs and outputs indicators. Secondly, discriminant analysis was used to identify factors that lead to differences in the efficiency. According to the World Bank's income classification, it was included a total of 54 countries, including 23 lower-middle income and 31 upper-middle income. The data used in the analysis was obtained from Global Innovation Index. The findings confirm the existence of the inefficiency problem in terms of innovation performance in the middle income countries.
Keywords
Kaynakça
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Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
Ekonomi
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar
Fatma Ünlü
*
0000-0003-1822-9965
Türkiye
Yayımlanma Tarihi
24 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi
20 Mayıs 2019
Kabul Tarihi
29 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2019 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2
Cited By
Invention complexity, latent innovation capabilities, and economic development in upper middle-income countries
Technological Forecasting and Social Change
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2026.124565