Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Dialectical Materialism or Dialectics of the Human?: Marxism and Animal Liberation Movement

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 102 - 117, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1542653

Öz

With reference to the book “18 Theses on Marxism and Animal Liberation”, published by the Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation, which aims to create a point of consensus between Marxism and the anti-speciesism struggle, this article discusses the solidarity and conflict between Marxism and the anti-speciesism movement under the titles “Why should anti-speciesism be Marxist?” and “Why should Marxism be anti-speciesist?”. While Marxists describe anti-speciesists as being insensitive to capitalism's exploitation of labor, pro-bourgeois, and idealistic with metaphysical and moralistic tendencies, anti-speciesists describe Marxists as incoherent for reproducing today's industrial animal exploitation through consumption relations within the capitalism they criticize. In 2014, the Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation, an association of animal liberation movement and communist left activists from Germany and Switzerland, suggested that for Marxists to abandon their incoherence, they should not be in a network of consumption relations that reproduce animal exploitation and should address the domination of capitalism over animals in their analysis while anti-speciesists should work with the historical materialist method to analyze the material conditions of speciesism. While these proposals seem to establish a point of compromise without making vital compromises on either side, as the discussion section of the article will show, there are many points ripe for debate. This article will both present this ground for compromise by summarizing the Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation's critique and open it up for discussion.

Kaynakça

  • ADAMS, Carol J. (2010). The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: The Continuum International Publishing.
  • ADAMS, Carol J. (2020). The Pornography of Meat. Londra: Bloomsbury Academic Press.
  • ALLIANCE FOR MARXISM AND ANIMAL LIBERATION (2018). 18 Theses on Marxism and Animal Liberation. Zürich: Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation.
  • BLANCHARD, Pascal et. al.. (2008). Human Zoos: Science and Spectacle in the Age of Colonical Empires. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • BIRKE, Lynda (2007). “Relating Animals: Feminism and Our Connections with Nonhumans”. Humanity and Society. V. 31, N. 4, p. 305-318.
  • DONOVAN, Josephine (1990). “Animal Rights and Feminist Theory”. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. V. 15, N. 2, p. 350-375.
  • DONOVAN, Josephine (2006). Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions. New York: The Continuum International Publishing.
  • GAARD, Greta (1997). Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • GARLAND-THOMSON, Rosemarie (1996). Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. New York: New York University Press.
  • GRUEN, Lori (1993). “Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection Between Women and Animals”, In Greta Gaard (Ed.), Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, p. 60-90.
  • MARX, Karl (1969). Theses On Feuerbach. (trans. Walter Lough). Moscow: Progress Publishers.
  • MAURIZI, Marco (2021). Beyond Nature: Animal Liberation, Marxism, and Critical Theory. Boston: Brill.
  • MULLAN, Bob and Garry Marvin (1998). Zoo Culture. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
  • OZBUDUN, Sibel vd. (2007). Antropoloji: Kuramlar, Kuramcılar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.
  • PATIL, Satyajeet (2020). Human Zoos in The Early 1900s: Forgotten History of Scientific Racism. Independently Published.
  • PLUHAR, Evelyn (1995). Beyond Prejudice: The Moral Significance of Nonhuman Animals. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • PLUMWOOD, Val (1993). Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York: Routledge.
  • REGAN, Tom (2005). Kafesler Boşalsın: Hayvan Haklarıyla Yüzleşmek. (çev. Serpil Çağlayan). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • ROTHFELS, Nigel (2008). Savages and Beasts: The Birth of The Modern Zoo. Maryland: John Hopkins University Press.
  • SAITO, Kohei (2017). Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • SANBONMATSU, John (Ed.) (2011). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • SINGER, Peter (2001). Marx: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • SINGER, Peter (2005). Hayvan Özgürleşmesi. (çev. Hayrullah Doğan). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • TORRES, Bob (2007). Making a Killing: The Political Economy of Animal Rights. Oakland: AK Press.
  • VARNER, Gary (1994). “In Defense of the Vegan Ideal: Rhetoric and Bias in the Nutrition Literature”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. V. 7, N. 1, p. 29-40.
  • WARREN, Karen (1990). “The Power and Promise of Ecological Feminism”, Environmental Ethics, N. 12, p. 125-146.

Diyalektik Materyalizm mi Yoksa İnsanın Diyalektiği mi?: Marksizm ve Hayvan Özgürlüğü Hareketi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 102 - 117, 31.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1542653

Öz

Bu makale, Marksizm ile türcülük karşıtı mücadele arasında bir uzlaşım noktası oluşturmayı amaçlayan Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation derneğinin yayımladığı “Marksizm ve Hayvan Özgürleşmesi Üzerine 18 Tez” adlı kitabı referans alarak marksizm ve türcülük karşıtı mücadele arasındaki dayanışma ve çatışmayı “Türcülük Karşıtlığı Neden Marksist Olmalıdır?” ve “Marksizm Neden Türcülük Karşıtı Olmalıdır?” başlıklarıyla tartışmaya açmaktadır. Marksistler, türcülük karşıtlarını kapitalizmin emek sömürüsüne karşı duyarsız, burjuva-yanlısı, metafizik ve ahlakçı eğilimde, idealist olarak tanımlarken, türcülük karşıtları da marksistleri eleştirdikleri kapitalizm içerisindeki bugünün endüstriyel hayvan sömürüsünü tüketim ilişkileri yoluyla yeniden ürettikleri için tutarsız olarak tanımlıyorlar. 2014 yılında Almanya ve İsviçre’den hayvan özgürlüğü hareketi ve komünist sol aktivistlerin bir araya gelerek kurduğu Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation derneği ise bu çalışmasında, Marksist teorinin bu tutarsızlıklarından vazgeçmeleri için hayvan sömürüsünü yeniden üretecek tüketim ilişki ağı içerisinde olmamalarını ve kapitalizmin hayvanlar üzerindeki tahakkümünü de analizlerine dahil etmelerini önerirken, türcülük karşıtlarına da türcülüğün maddi oluşum koşullarını analiz etmek için tarihsel materyalist yöntemle çalışılması gerektiğini öneriyor. Bu öneriler, her ne kadar iki tarafa da hayati ödünler verdirmeden bir uzlaşım noktası kurmuş gibi görünse de makalenin tartışma kısmında görüleceği üzere tartışılmaya gebe birçok nokta mevcut. Bu makale, hem bu uzlaşım zeminini Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation derneğinin eleştirilerini özetleyerek okuyucuya sunarken, hem de bu uzlaşım zeminini tartışmaya açmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • ADAMS, Carol J. (2010). The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-vegetarian Critical Theory. New York: The Continuum International Publishing.
  • ADAMS, Carol J. (2020). The Pornography of Meat. Londra: Bloomsbury Academic Press.
  • ALLIANCE FOR MARXISM AND ANIMAL LIBERATION (2018). 18 Theses on Marxism and Animal Liberation. Zürich: Alliance for Marxism and Animal Liberation.
  • BLANCHARD, Pascal et. al.. (2008). Human Zoos: Science and Spectacle in the Age of Colonical Empires. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
  • BIRKE, Lynda (2007). “Relating Animals: Feminism and Our Connections with Nonhumans”. Humanity and Society. V. 31, N. 4, p. 305-318.
  • DONOVAN, Josephine (1990). “Animal Rights and Feminist Theory”. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. V. 15, N. 2, p. 350-375.
  • DONOVAN, Josephine (2006). Feminist Theory: The Intellectual Traditions. New York: The Continuum International Publishing.
  • GAARD, Greta (1997). Ecological Politics: Ecofeminists and the Greens. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • GARLAND-THOMSON, Rosemarie (1996). Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. New York: New York University Press.
  • GRUEN, Lori (1993). “Dismantling Oppression: An Analysis of the Connection Between Women and Animals”, In Greta Gaard (Ed.), Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, p. 60-90.
  • MARX, Karl (1969). Theses On Feuerbach. (trans. Walter Lough). Moscow: Progress Publishers.
  • MAURIZI, Marco (2021). Beyond Nature: Animal Liberation, Marxism, and Critical Theory. Boston: Brill.
  • MULLAN, Bob and Garry Marvin (1998). Zoo Culture. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
  • OZBUDUN, Sibel vd. (2007). Antropoloji: Kuramlar, Kuramcılar. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.
  • PATIL, Satyajeet (2020). Human Zoos in The Early 1900s: Forgotten History of Scientific Racism. Independently Published.
  • PLUHAR, Evelyn (1995). Beyond Prejudice: The Moral Significance of Nonhuman Animals. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • PLUMWOOD, Val (1993). Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. New York: Routledge.
  • REGAN, Tom (2005). Kafesler Boşalsın: Hayvan Haklarıyla Yüzleşmek. (çev. Serpil Çağlayan). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • ROTHFELS, Nigel (2008). Savages and Beasts: The Birth of The Modern Zoo. Maryland: John Hopkins University Press.
  • SAITO, Kohei (2017). Karl Marx's Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • SANBONMATSU, John (Ed.) (2011). Critical Theory and Animal Liberation. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
  • SINGER, Peter (2001). Marx: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • SINGER, Peter (2005). Hayvan Özgürleşmesi. (çev. Hayrullah Doğan). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • TORRES, Bob (2007). Making a Killing: The Political Economy of Animal Rights. Oakland: AK Press.
  • VARNER, Gary (1994). “In Defense of the Vegan Ideal: Rhetoric and Bias in the Nutrition Literature”, Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. V. 7, N. 1, p. 29-40.
  • WARREN, Karen (1990). “The Power and Promise of Ecological Feminism”, Environmental Ethics, N. 12, p. 125-146.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kültürel çalışmalar (Diğer), Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erhan Korkmaz 0000-0002-9744-6484

Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Eylül 2024
Kabul Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Korkmaz, E. (2025). Dialectical Materialism or Dialectics of the Human?: Marxism and Animal Liberation Movement. Uluslararası Halkbilimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 102-117. https://doi.org/10.61729/uhad.1542653