Güvenliğin Kalkınma Boyutu: Karadağ Örneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 31 - 48, 27.06.2019

Murat Necip Arman Selahattin Ertürk Çiftçi

https://doi.org/10.35235/uicd.511384

Öz

Küreselleşme ile birlikte
sınır aşan tehditlerin varlıkları tüm dünyada hissedilmeye başlamıştır. Bu
tehditlerle kapsamlı ve çok boyutlu bir mücadelenin sağlanabilmesi amacıyla
1994 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından yeni bir güvenlik yaklaşımı ortaya koyulmuştur.
1994 tarihli İnsani Kalkınma Raporu’nda ortaya koyulan insan güvenliği kavramı
ile birlikte bireylerin ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi, eğitim, sağlık ve çevre
güvenliği gibi alanlarda güvenliklerinin sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bireylerin
güvenliği konusunu öne çıkaran insan güvenliği yaklaşımının öne çıkardığı bir
diğer husus kalkınmadır. Devletlerin, kalkınması sayesinde bireylerin
güvenliğini sağlama noktasında başarıya ulaşacakları vurgulanmıştır. İnsan
güvenliği sayesinde güvenliğe kalkınma boyutu kazandırılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, insan
güvenliği kavramının güvenlik literatürüne kazandırdığı kalkınma kavramı
güvenlik çalışmaları açısından ne ifade etmektedir ve Avrupa Birliği’nin
uygulamış olduğu koşulluluk stratejisi ile insan güvenliği ve devletlerin
kalkınması arasında bir ilişki var mıdır sorularına Karadağ örneğinden
hareketle cevap aranacaktır. Bu çerçevede küresel ölçekte insan güvenliğinin
uygulayıcısı konumunda bulunan Avrupa Birliği’nin Karadağ’da uyguladığı
koşulluluk stratejisi ve genişleme politikasının Karadağ’da ortaya çıkardığı
kalkınma ve insan güvenliği alanındaki ilerlemeler incelenecektir. Karadağ’ın
kaydetmiş olduğu ilerlemeler Birleşmiş Miletler tarafından çıkarılan İnsani
Kalkınma Raporları, Global Peace Index ve Transparency International’in verileri
kullanılarak sektörel bazda değerlendirilecektir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnsan Güvenliği, Kalkınma, Avrupa Birliği, Karadağ, Küreselleşme, Karadağ

Development Dimension of Security: Montenegro Case

Öz

Transnational
threats become more visible with the growing effect of globalization. In order
to deal with these threats in multidimensional and far-reaching way, United
Nations found a new security approach in 1994. Human security notion, which is
mentioned in 1994 Human Development Report, aims to sustain security in
economic, social, political, educational and ecologic manners. Human security
emphasizes development as well as individual’s security. Human security aims
states to achieve development goals so they can be successful to sustain
security. Thus, development dimension is added to security by means of human
security. 

In this article, we try to find answers for two
questions that what development means for security studies and if there is, any
link between European Union’s conditionally strategy and States’ development
and their human security progress. We will examine European Union’s
conditionality and enlargement strategy on Montenegro whether these strategies
caused development and human security progress or not. Montenegro’s any
progress will be examined though the data from Human Development Reports,
Global Peace Index and Transparency International. Finally, based upon achieved
progress in Montenegro, the role of European Union for achieving progress in
Montenegro and development dimension of security will be explained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human Security, Globalization, Development, European Union, Montenegro

Kaynakça

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