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Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2017, , 45 - 70, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227

Öz

Genel olarak iklim değişikliği girişimleri ile enerji jeopolitiği arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edildiği bu makalede, başta petrol fiyatlarındaki artışlar olmak üzere, enerji jeopolitiğindeki gelişmeler, 1965-2014 arasında enerji jeopolitiğinin şiddetlendiği ve durağanlaştığı dönemlere ayrılarak, tarihsel bakış açısıyla incelenmiştir. Özel olarak, Kyoto Protokolü gibi iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesi konusunda yükümlülük getirmesi bakımından önemli bir anlaşma olarak kabul edilen uluslararası girişimlerin neden yeterince başarılı olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Kyoto Protokolü özelinde başarısızlığın üç temel nedeni bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan birincisi ve en önemlisi dünya genelinde enerji jeopolitiğinin şiddetleniyor olmasıdır. İkinci neden ülkelerin farklı enerji ihtiyaçları ve farklı yerli enerji kaynaklarının bulunması, üçüncüsü de uygulamalarda devlet ve özel sektörün rolünün yeterince belirgin olmamasıdır. Yazar, iklim değişikliği konusundaki genel başarısızlığın başlıca nedenini enerji jeopolitiğindeki gelişmelere bağlamakta ve petrol krizleriyle somutlaşan küresel enerji politiğindeki mücadele dönemlerinin, iklim değişikliği gibi konulardaki uluslararası girişimlerin başarı şansını azalttığını savunmaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Afgan, N.H. et.al. “Sustainable Energy Development”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 2, No.3, 1998, s.235-286.
  • Asmus, Ronald D., Richard L. Kugler ve F. Stephen Larrabee. “Building a New NATO”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.4, Eylül/Ekim 1993, s.28-40.
  • Bauen, Ausilio. “Future Energy Sources and Systems—Acting on climate change and energy security”, Journal of Power Sources, Cilt 157, No.2, 2006, s.893–901.
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew. “A Geostrategy for Eurasia”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 76, No.5, Eylül/Ekim 1997, s.50-64.
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, New York, Basic Books, 1997.
  • Broda-Bahm, T.Kenneth. “Finding Protection in Definitions: The Quest for Environmental Security”, Argumentation and Advocacy, Cilt 5, No.4, 1999, s.59-70.
  • Bruntland, Gro Harlem (der). Our Common Future, The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1987.
  • “Bureau of Energy Sources”, http://www.state.gov/e/enr/, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Ocak 2016).
  • Busby, Joshua W. “Climate Change Blues: Why the United States and Europe Just Can’t Get Along”, Current History, Mart 2003, s.113-118.
  • Busby, Joshua W. “Climate Change and National Security: An Agenda for Action”, Council of Foreign Relations (CFR), No.32, November 2007, s.4-32.
  • Cassidy, Peter ve Mark Raymont. “Has the Kyoto Protocol Got a Future without the USA?”, Refocus, Cilt 2, No.5, Haziran 2001, s.28-29.
  • Cohen, Saul B. Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations, İngiltere, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.
  • “Compagnie nationale des mines de France”, 26 Ocak 2015, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_nationale_des_mines_de_France, (Erişim Tarihi 22 Şubat 2016).
  • Cook, Benjamin I. et.al. “Spatiotemporal Drought Variability in the Mediterranean over the Last 900 Years, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Cilt 121, No.5, 2016, s.2060-2074.
  • “COP 21”, https://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/session/9057.php, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Şubat 2016).
  • “COP21, CMP11”, http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/en/, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Şubat 2016).
  • Dalby, Simon. “Environmental Insecurities: Geopolitics, Resources and Conflict”, Economic and Political Weekly, Cilt 38, No.48, 2003, s.5073-5079.
  • Dalby, Simon. “The Geopolitics of Climate Change”, Political Geography, Cilt 37, Kasım 2013, s.38-47.
  • Ebinger, Charles K. ve Evie Zambetakis. “The Geopolitics of Arctic Melt”, Bernice Lee (der), Tackling Resource Challenges in the 21st Century: Avoiding Worst Case Scenarios, Blackwell Publishing Ltd./The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2009, s.1215-1232.
  • Ecclestone, Christopher. “German Resource Alliance: The Rohstoff Allianz ‘Circles the Wagons’ to Make Investments”, 21 Mayıs 2015, http://investorintel.com/technology-metals-intel/german-circling-wagons/, (Erişim Tarihi 21 Ocak 2016).
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Enerji Arz Güvenliği ve Ulusal Güvenlik Arasındaki İlişki”, Enerji Arz Güvenliği, Ankara, SAREM Yayınları, 2007, s.1–47.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Energy Transition Periods: Lessons Learnt from the Past”, Abu Dabi, The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research (ECSSR) Publications, 2011, s.175–202.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. Enerjide Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türkiye, Akademi Forumu No.67, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA) Yayınları, Ankara, 2011.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. (der). Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği ve Sürdürülebilir Enerji, İstanbul, ENİVA Yayınları, 2013.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. TKİ ve Kömürün Tarihçesi ile Kömür Stratejileri, Ankara, TKİ Kurumu Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2015.
  • Erdoğdu, Erkan. “Turkish Support to Kyoto Protocol: A Reality or Just an Illusion”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 14, No.3, Nisan 2010, s.1111-1117.
  • Freedman, Lawrence. “Order and Disorder in the New World”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 71, No.1, 1991, s.20-37.
  • Frei, Christoph W. “The Kyoto Protocol—A Victim of Supply Security? or: If Maslow were in Energy Politics”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.11, 2004, s.1253–1256.
  • Grevi, Giovanni. The Interpolar World: A New Scenario, Paris, European Union Institute for Security Studies, Haziran 2009, s.1-39.
  • Haass, Richard N. “The Age of Nonpolarity: What Will Follow U.S. Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 87, No.3, Mayıs/Haziran 2008, s.44-56.
  • Hovi, Jon ve CICERO.” Towards a Better Compliance System for the Climate Regime?”, Chistopher P. Vasser (der), The Koyoto Protocol: Economic Assessments, Implemetation Mechanisms and Policy Implications, New York, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.
  • Hubbert, M.C. King. “Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels”, Drilling and Production Practice, American Petroleum Institute, No.95, 1956, s.7-25.
  • Hubbert, M.C. King. “Techniques of Prediction with Application to the Petroleum Industry”, Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Dallas, AAPG Bulletin, Cilt 43, No.7, 1959, s. 1767-1768.
  • Huntington, Hillard G. ve Stephen P. A. Brown. “Energy Security and Global Climate Change Mitigation”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.6, 2004, s.715–718.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilizations?”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.3, 1993, s.22-49.
  • “IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007”, https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/annexessglossary-a-d.html, (Erişim Tarihi 17 Şubat 2016).
  • Kaplan, Robert D. “The Geopolitics of Shale”, 19 Aralık 2012, http://www.businessforum.com/STRATFOR_Geopolitics-Shale.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Şubat 2016).
  • Kaplan, Robert D. “The Geopolitics of Energy”, 2 Nisan 2014, http://www.ctcitraining.org/topdocs/GeopoliticsEnergy.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 03 Mart 2016).
  • Kahn, Matthew E. “The Geopolitics of Climate Change: An Economist’s Perspective”, Political Geography, Cilt 37, Kasım 2013, s.53-55.
  • Klare, Michael. “The New Geopolitics of Energy”, The Nation, 19 Mayıs 2008, s.1-8.
  • “KyotoProtocol”, http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php ve http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/items/2998.php, (Erişim Tarihi 13 Şubat 2016).
  • Lewis, Bernard. “Rethinking the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 71, No.4, Sonbahar 1992, s.99-118.
  • Lewis, Bernard. “The West and the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 76, No.1, Ocak/Şubat 1997, s.114-130.
  • Mañé-Estrada, Aurèlia. “European Energy Security: Towards the Creation of the Geo-Energy Space”, Energy Policy, Cilt 34, No.18, 2006, s.3773–3786.
  • Mannea, Alan ve Richard Richels. “US Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: The Impact on Compliance Costs and CO2 Emissions”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.4, 2004, s.447–454.
  • Marsh, David. “France goes back to mining as source of national wealth”, 24 Şubat 2014, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/france-goes-back-to-mining-as-source-of-national-wealth-2014-02-24, (Erişim Tarihi 21 Ocak 2016).
  • Maslow, Abraham. “A Theory of Human Motivation”, Psychological Review, Cilt 50, No.4, 1943, s.370–396.
  • Meadows, Donella H. et.al. Limits to Growth, Universe Book, 1972.
  • “Mitigation and Adaptation”, http://climate.nasa.gov/solutions/adaptation-mitigation/, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Ocak 2016).
  • Siche, J.R. et.al. “Sustainability of Nations by Indices: Comparative Study Between Environmental Sustainability Index, Ecological Footprint and the Energy Performance Indices”, Ecological Economics, Cilt 66, No.4, 2008, s.628-637.
  • “Statistical Review of World Energy 2015”, http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview, (Erişim Tarihi 11 Ocak 2016).
  • Stocker, Thomas F. et.al. Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I: Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Study on Energy Supply Security and Geopolitics, Hague, CIEP, Ocak 2004.
  • “The Archive, 1970-2000.”, http://www.theecologist.info/page33.html, (Erişim Tarihi 09 Ocak 2016).
  • “The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)”, http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm, (Erişim Tarihi 22 Şubat 2016).
  • “The Rise of State Capitalism”, 21 Ocak 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21543160, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Ocak 2016).
  • Thölken, Hinrich. “Politics and Policies”, British Medical Journal, Cilt 344, No.7849, 24 Mart 2012, s.33-34.
  • Tonnesson, Stein. “The Case for a Proactive Indian and Chinese Approach to Climate Change and Energy Security”, Strategic Analysis, Cilt 31, No.3, Mayıs 2007, s.417-445.
  • Vasser, Chistopher P. (der). The Koyoto Protocol: Economic Assessments, Implemetation Mechanisms and Policy Implications, New York, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.
  • Wright, Robin. “Islam, Democracy and the West”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.3, Yaz 1992, s.131-145.

The Effect of Energy Geopolitics on International Climate Change Initiatives

Yıl 2017, , 45 - 70, 01.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227

Öz

In this article, in general, the relationship between international climate change initiatives and energy geopolitics was analyzed, and in particular the developments in energy geopolitics were investigated with a historical point of view by dividing the years between 1965 and 2014 into periods of geopolitical intensity and geopolitical stability based on long-term periodic variations in oil prices. More specifically, the reasons why international initiatives such as the Kyoto Protocol, regarded as an important agreement for imposing commitments in climate change mitigation, have not been sufficiently successful were investigated. Regarding the Kyoto Protocol, the failure stemmed from three main reasons. The first and the most important reason was the intensification of geopolitical tensions on a global scale. The second reason was the differences among states in terms of their energy needs and possession of indigenous energy sources. The last reason was the ambiguity regarding the role of the state and the market at the implementation level. The author links the general failure in the efforts to tackle climate change to the developments in energy geopolitics and argues that the competition periods in energy geopolitics, as observed during the oil crises, decrease the chances of success for international initiatives on climate change. 

Kaynakça

  • Afgan, N.H. et.al. “Sustainable Energy Development”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 2, No.3, 1998, s.235-286.
  • Asmus, Ronald D., Richard L. Kugler ve F. Stephen Larrabee. “Building a New NATO”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.4, Eylül/Ekim 1993, s.28-40.
  • Bauen, Ausilio. “Future Energy Sources and Systems—Acting on climate change and energy security”, Journal of Power Sources, Cilt 157, No.2, 2006, s.893–901.
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew. “A Geostrategy for Eurasia”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 76, No.5, Eylül/Ekim 1997, s.50-64.
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew. The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives, New York, Basic Books, 1997.
  • Broda-Bahm, T.Kenneth. “Finding Protection in Definitions: The Quest for Environmental Security”, Argumentation and Advocacy, Cilt 5, No.4, 1999, s.59-70.
  • Bruntland, Gro Harlem (der). Our Common Future, The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1987.
  • “Bureau of Energy Sources”, http://www.state.gov/e/enr/, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Ocak 2016).
  • Busby, Joshua W. “Climate Change Blues: Why the United States and Europe Just Can’t Get Along”, Current History, Mart 2003, s.113-118.
  • Busby, Joshua W. “Climate Change and National Security: An Agenda for Action”, Council of Foreign Relations (CFR), No.32, November 2007, s.4-32.
  • Cassidy, Peter ve Mark Raymont. “Has the Kyoto Protocol Got a Future without the USA?”, Refocus, Cilt 2, No.5, Haziran 2001, s.28-29.
  • Cohen, Saul B. Geopolitics: The Geography of International Relations, İngiltere, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.
  • “Compagnie nationale des mines de France”, 26 Ocak 2015, https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie_nationale_des_mines_de_France, (Erişim Tarihi 22 Şubat 2016).
  • Cook, Benjamin I. et.al. “Spatiotemporal Drought Variability in the Mediterranean over the Last 900 Years, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Cilt 121, No.5, 2016, s.2060-2074.
  • “COP 21”, https://unfccc.int/meetings/paris_nov_2015/session/9057.php, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Şubat 2016).
  • “COP21, CMP11”, http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/en/, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Şubat 2016).
  • Dalby, Simon. “Environmental Insecurities: Geopolitics, Resources and Conflict”, Economic and Political Weekly, Cilt 38, No.48, 2003, s.5073-5079.
  • Dalby, Simon. “The Geopolitics of Climate Change”, Political Geography, Cilt 37, Kasım 2013, s.38-47.
  • Ebinger, Charles K. ve Evie Zambetakis. “The Geopolitics of Arctic Melt”, Bernice Lee (der), Tackling Resource Challenges in the 21st Century: Avoiding Worst Case Scenarios, Blackwell Publishing Ltd./The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2009, s.1215-1232.
  • Ecclestone, Christopher. “German Resource Alliance: The Rohstoff Allianz ‘Circles the Wagons’ to Make Investments”, 21 Mayıs 2015, http://investorintel.com/technology-metals-intel/german-circling-wagons/, (Erişim Tarihi 21 Ocak 2016).
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Enerji Arz Güvenliği ve Ulusal Güvenlik Arasındaki İlişki”, Enerji Arz Güvenliği, Ankara, SAREM Yayınları, 2007, s.1–47.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Energy Transition Periods: Lessons Learnt from the Past”, Abu Dabi, The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research (ECSSR) Publications, 2011, s.175–202.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. Enerjide Yeni Dünya Düzeni ve Türkiye, Akademi Forumu No.67, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi (TÜBA) Yayınları, Ankara, 2011.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. (der). Türkiye’de İklim Değişikliği ve Sürdürülebilir Enerji, İstanbul, ENİVA Yayınları, 2013.
  • Ediger, Volkan Ş. TKİ ve Kömürün Tarihçesi ile Kömür Stratejileri, Ankara, TKİ Kurumu Yayınları, 2. Baskı, 2015.
  • Erdoğdu, Erkan. “Turkish Support to Kyoto Protocol: A Reality or Just an Illusion”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Cilt 14, No.3, Nisan 2010, s.1111-1117.
  • Freedman, Lawrence. “Order and Disorder in the New World”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 71, No.1, 1991, s.20-37.
  • Frei, Christoph W. “The Kyoto Protocol—A Victim of Supply Security? or: If Maslow were in Energy Politics”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.11, 2004, s.1253–1256.
  • Grevi, Giovanni. The Interpolar World: A New Scenario, Paris, European Union Institute for Security Studies, Haziran 2009, s.1-39.
  • Haass, Richard N. “The Age of Nonpolarity: What Will Follow U.S. Dominance”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 87, No.3, Mayıs/Haziran 2008, s.44-56.
  • Hovi, Jon ve CICERO.” Towards a Better Compliance System for the Climate Regime?”, Chistopher P. Vasser (der), The Koyoto Protocol: Economic Assessments, Implemetation Mechanisms and Policy Implications, New York, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.
  • Hubbert, M.C. King. “Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels”, Drilling and Production Practice, American Petroleum Institute, No.95, 1956, s.7-25.
  • Hubbert, M.C. King. “Techniques of Prediction with Application to the Petroleum Industry”, Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Dallas, AAPG Bulletin, Cilt 43, No.7, 1959, s. 1767-1768.
  • Huntington, Hillard G. ve Stephen P. A. Brown. “Energy Security and Global Climate Change Mitigation”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.6, 2004, s.715–718.
  • Huntington, Samuel P. “The Clash of Civilizations?”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.3, 1993, s.22-49.
  • “IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007”, https://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/annexessglossary-a-d.html, (Erişim Tarihi 17 Şubat 2016).
  • Kaplan, Robert D. “The Geopolitics of Shale”, 19 Aralık 2012, http://www.businessforum.com/STRATFOR_Geopolitics-Shale.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Şubat 2016).
  • Kaplan, Robert D. “The Geopolitics of Energy”, 2 Nisan 2014, http://www.ctcitraining.org/topdocs/GeopoliticsEnergy.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi 03 Mart 2016).
  • Kahn, Matthew E. “The Geopolitics of Climate Change: An Economist’s Perspective”, Political Geography, Cilt 37, Kasım 2013, s.53-55.
  • Klare, Michael. “The New Geopolitics of Energy”, The Nation, 19 Mayıs 2008, s.1-8.
  • “KyotoProtocol”, http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php ve http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/items/2998.php, (Erişim Tarihi 13 Şubat 2016).
  • Lewis, Bernard. “Rethinking the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 71, No.4, Sonbahar 1992, s.99-118.
  • Lewis, Bernard. “The West and the Middle East”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 76, No.1, Ocak/Şubat 1997, s.114-130.
  • Mañé-Estrada, Aurèlia. “European Energy Security: Towards the Creation of the Geo-Energy Space”, Energy Policy, Cilt 34, No.18, 2006, s.3773–3786.
  • Mannea, Alan ve Richard Richels. “US Rejection of the Kyoto Protocol: The Impact on Compliance Costs and CO2 Emissions”, Energy Policy, Cilt 32, No.4, 2004, s.447–454.
  • Marsh, David. “France goes back to mining as source of national wealth”, 24 Şubat 2014, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/france-goes-back-to-mining-as-source-of-national-wealth-2014-02-24, (Erişim Tarihi 21 Ocak 2016).
  • Maslow, Abraham. “A Theory of Human Motivation”, Psychological Review, Cilt 50, No.4, 1943, s.370–396.
  • Meadows, Donella H. et.al. Limits to Growth, Universe Book, 1972.
  • “Mitigation and Adaptation”, http://climate.nasa.gov/solutions/adaptation-mitigation/, (Erişim Tarihi 23 Ocak 2016).
  • Siche, J.R. et.al. “Sustainability of Nations by Indices: Comparative Study Between Environmental Sustainability Index, Ecological Footprint and the Energy Performance Indices”, Ecological Economics, Cilt 66, No.4, 2008, s.628-637.
  • “Statistical Review of World Energy 2015”, http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview, (Erişim Tarihi 11 Ocak 2016).
  • Stocker, Thomas F. et.al. Climate Change 2013, The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I: Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Study on Energy Supply Security and Geopolitics, Hague, CIEP, Ocak 2004.
  • “The Archive, 1970-2000.”, http://www.theecologist.info/page33.html, (Erişim Tarihi 09 Ocak 2016).
  • “The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)”, http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/index_en.htm, (Erişim Tarihi 22 Şubat 2016).
  • “The Rise of State Capitalism”, 21 Ocak 2012, http://www.economist.com/node/21543160, (Erişim Tarihi 16 Ocak 2016).
  • Thölken, Hinrich. “Politics and Policies”, British Medical Journal, Cilt 344, No.7849, 24 Mart 2012, s.33-34.
  • Tonnesson, Stein. “The Case for a Proactive Indian and Chinese Approach to Climate Change and Energy Security”, Strategic Analysis, Cilt 31, No.3, Mayıs 2007, s.417-445.
  • Vasser, Chistopher P. (der). The Koyoto Protocol: Economic Assessments, Implemetation Mechanisms and Policy Implications, New York, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2009.
  • Wright, Robin. “Islam, Democracy and the West”, Foreign Affairs, Cilt 72, No.3, Yaz 1992, s.131-145.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Volkan Ş. Ediger

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017

Kaynak Göster

APA Ediger, V. Ş. (2017). Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 14(54), 45-70. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227
AMA Ediger VŞ. Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. uidergisi. Haziran 2017;14(54):45-70. doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513227
Chicago Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14, sy. 54 (Haziran 2017): 45-70. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227.
EndNote Ediger VŞ (01 Haziran 2017) Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14 54 45–70.
IEEE V. Ş. Ediger, “Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi”, uidergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, ss. 45–70, 2017, doi: 10.33458/uidergisi.513227.
ISNAD Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 14/54 (Haziran 2017), 45-70. https://doi.org/10.33458/uidergisi.513227.
JAMA Ediger VŞ. Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. uidergisi. 2017;14:45–70.
MLA Ediger, Volkan Ş. “Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, c. 14, sy. 54, 2017, ss. 45-70, doi:10.33458/uidergisi.513227.
Vancouver Ediger VŞ. Enerji Jeopolitiğinin Uluslararası İklim Değişikliği Girişimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi. uidergisi. 2017;14(54):45-70.