Amerikan Savaş Karşıtı Hareketi: Tarihsel ve Analitik Bir Çerçeveden Değerlendirme

Öz

Savaş Karşıtı Hareket, Vietnam Savaşı'nın sona ermesindeki rolü açısından bir devrim niteliği taşımaktadır. Hareketin üyeleri, 1960'lar ve 1970'lerde öylesine örgütlü ve yapılandırılmışlardı ki etkili bir koalisyon inşa etmeyi başardılar. Bu durum, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nde (ABD) güçlü bir tarihsel mirasın sonucu olarak değerlendirilebilir. Çünkü Amerikan Devrimi'nden bu yana Amerikan vatandaşları arasında güçlü bir savaş karşıtı duygu var olmuştur. Ancak Vietnam Savaşı sonrasında, hareketin gücünü kaybettiği görülmektedir. Bu da, karar alıcıları yurtdışında savaş yürütmekten alıkoyma konusunda yeterli baskıyı oluşturamamasına yol açmıştır. Bu noktada, savaş karşıtı hareketin zaman içinde nasıl evirildiği ve günümüze nasıl ulaştığı sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Bu soruyu ele almak amacıyla, çalışmada hareketin evrimini ve mevcut durumunu klasik modeller, kaynak mobilizasyonu ve siyasal süreç modeli çerçevesinde eleştirel biçimde incelemek için nitel yönetme dayalı tarihsel bir analiz kullanılmaktadır. Buradaki temel amaç, hareketin geçen yüzyıldaki ve günümüzdeki mücadelesine ilişkin eleştirel ve kronolojik bir analiz sunmaktır. Bu yöntem çerçevesinde elde edilen bulgular, hareketin farklı fraksiyonlara bölünmesi, Amerikan siyasi liderliğinin savaş yürütme yöntemlerinde meydana gelen değişiklikler gibi etkenlerin, günümüz Amerikan siyasetinde hareketin zayıflamasına işaret ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, tüm bu boyutlar tarihsel ve teorik bir çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Savaş Karşıtı Hareket
• ABD
• Vietnam
• Terörizmle Savaş

The American Anti-War Movement: A Historical and Analytic Assessment

Öz

The Anti-War Movement is a revolutionary in the sense of its role in ending the Vietnam War. The members of the movement basically were so organized and structured that managed to build an effective coalition-building in 1960s and 1970s, this is of course result of the strong historical legacy in the United States (US) due to the fact that since the American Revolution, the strong anti-war sentiment had been present among the American citizens. However, after the Vietnam War, it appears that the movement lost its strength, which in turn did not managed to pressure the policy makers to prevent from conducting wars abroad. Then the question is how the anti-war movement evolved throughout time and reached to the present. To address this question, a historical analysis based on the qualitative methodology has been implemented to critically examine the movement’s evolution and current condition within the theoretical frameworks of classical models, resource mobilization, and the political process model. The primary aim is to provide a critical, chronological analysis of the movement’s struggle in the last century and today. Based on the methodology, the findings suggest that the fragmentation of the movement factions, change of the method of the American political leadership on conducting wars abroad that led to the movement’s decline in today’s American politics. In this respect, all these dimensions will be evaluated with historical and theoretical framework.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anti-War Movement
• US
• Vietnam
• War on Terror

Kaynakça

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