Kriz Yönetimi ve Stratejik İstihbarat Arasındaki İlişki

Öz

Rekabet çağında, değişen ve çeşitlenen tehditlerle karşı karşıya kalınması, öncelikle bilinçli öngörü ve yeterli hazırlık gerektirmektedir. Dolayısıyla, stratejik planlama olarak nitelendirilen, kesin hedefleri, uygulanabilir ve değerlendirilebilir nihai ürünleri olan bir sürecin takibi zaruridir. Stratejik düşünme kavramı ise sınırlamaların üstesinden gelmek için sahip olunması gereken ayrıcalıklı bir niteliktir. Stratejik istihbarat ise yönetici ve karar vericilerin; geleceğe yönelik bir vizyona sahip olmalarını, hasımlarının güçlü ve zayıf yönlerinin belirlemelerini sağlar. Böylece yönetici ve karar vericilerin; sistemik düşünmesine, krizin olumsuz etkilerini en aza indirmesine yardımcı olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kriz yönetimi sürecinin her aşamasında stratejik istihbaratın gerekliliği ve öneminin ele alınmasıdır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın esas önemi, stratejik düşünce ve planları yapabilmek için gizil krizleri öngörmeyi, proaktif stratejiler geliştirmeyi, stratejik istihbarat ile kriz yönetimi arasındaki doğrusal ilişkiyi vurgulamasıdır. Çalışmada ayrıca, stratejik istihbaratın proaktif şekilde krizin ele alınmasına imkân verdiği, stratejik düşünceye sahip olunması ve stratejik planlamanın yapılmasında temel etken olduğu sonucuna erişilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kriz
• Kriz Yönetimi
• İstihbarat
• Stratejik Düşünce
• Stratejik Planlama

The Relationship Between Crisis Management and Strategic Intelligence

Öz

In this age of competition, facing changing and diversifying threats primarily requires informed foresight and adequate preparation. Therefore, it is essential to follow a process that is characterized as strategic planning, which has definite objectives and feasible and evaluable end products. Strategic thinking is a privileged quality essential for overcoming limitations. Strategic intelligence enables managers and decision-makers to have a vision for the future and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their adversaries. This helps managers and decision-makers to think systemically and minimize the negative effects of the crisis. The aim of this study is to address the necessity and importance of strategic intelligence at every stage of the crisis management process. In this context, the main importance of the research lies in highlighting the need to anticipate latent crises, develop proactive strategies, and emphasize the linear relationship between strategic intelligence and crisis management, all of which are essential for developing strategic thinking and plans. The study also concluded that strategic intelligence enables proactive crisis management and is a fundamental factor in strategic thinking and planning.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Crisis
• Crisis Management
• Intelligence
• Strategic Thinking
• Strategic Planning

Kaynakça

1. Al-Olimat, S. S. ve Alkshali, S. J. (2023). The Impact of Strategic Intelligence on Crisis Management Styles at Al al-Bayt University, Intarnational Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 13(10), 1693-1708. DOI:10.6007/IJARBSS/v13-i10/19027.
2. Al-Zboon, M. S. ve Hasan, M. S. (2011). Strategic School Planning in Jordan, Education, 132(4), 809-825.
3. Azam, K. O.; Faraj, S. M.; Saaed, S. A.; Mustafa, N. A. ve Osman, L. N. (2025). The Impact of Strategic Planning and Strategic Thinking on Crisis Management: An Analytical Study on Governmental and Non-governmental, Journal of Strategic Management and Business Simulation (JMASSBI), 6(1), 45-58. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/mssb.6.1.45-58.2025.
4. Battistella, C. (2014). The Organisation of CORPORATE Foresight: A Multiple Case Study in the Telecommunication Industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 87, 60-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.022.
5. Baubion, C. (2013). OECD Risk Management: Strategic Crisis Management, OECD Working Papers on Public Governance No. 23. https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k41rbd1lzr7-en.
6. Boin, A. vd. (2005) The Politics of Crisis Management: Public Leadership Under Pressure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (aktaran) Pursiainen, C. (2018). The Crisis Management Cycle, Routledge.
7. Bouhali, R.; Mekdadb, Y.; Lebsirc, H. ve Ferkha, L. (2015). Leader Roles for Innovation: Strategic Thinking and Planning, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 72-78.
8. Braun, V. ve Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic Analysis: A Practical Guide. SAGE Publications Ltd.

9. Buhagiar, K. ve Anand, A. (2023). Synergistic Triad of Crisis Management: Leadership, Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning, International, Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(2), 412-429. DOI 10.1108/IJOA-03-2021-2672.
10. Burton, K. (2012). A Study of Motivation: How to Get Your Employees Moving, SPEA Honors Thesis Spring 2012, Greening Indiana University.
11. COMCEC Coordination Office (2017). Risk & Crisis Management in Tourism Sector: Recovery From Crisis in the OIC Member Countries, Report. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Risk_and_Crisis_Management_in_Tourism_Sector.pdf.
12. European Commission, (2024). Crisis Management and Governance in Tourism, Report. https://civil-protection-knowledge-network.europa.eu/system/files/2024-12/4a7dc51cf573a4abd9f575b618a84909.pdf.
13. Gitelman, L. D.; Kozhevnikov, M. V. ve Chebotareva, G. S. (2021). Strategic Intelligence of an Organization Amid Uncertainty, International Journal of Energy Production and Management, 6(3), 294-305. DOI: 10.2495/EQ-V6-N3-294-305.
14. Guan, K. C. (2012). Role of Intelligence in International Crisis Management No. 243, The S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS). https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/150953/WP243.pdf.
15. Hussin, A. S. ve Mussahib, M. R. (2024). The Strategic Intelligence and Its Impact on Crisis Management, Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences (JEAS), 30(142), 179-196.
16. John-eke, E. C. ve Eke, J. K. (2020). Strategic Planning and Crisis Management Styles in Organizations: A Review of Related Literature. Journal of Strategic Management, 5(1), 36-46.
17. Kamei, K. (2018). Crisis Management, Seiji Abe, Mamoru Ozawa, Yoshiaki Kawata (Ed.) Science of Societal Safety: Living at Times of Risks and Disasters, (s. 141-153), Singapore: Sprinter Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
18. Kwiliński, A.; Zimbroff, A.; Lyulyov, O. ve Pimonenko, T. (2025). Strategic Thinking and Crisis Management: Meta-Analysis. Revista de Pensamiento Estratégicoy Seguridad CISDE, 10(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.54988/cisde.2025.1.1595
19. Lai, E. R. (2011). Metacognition: A Literature Review, Always Learning: Pearson Research Report, 24, 1-40. https://nuovoeutile.it/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Metacognition_Literature_Review_Final.pdf.
20. Lamberton, C. ve Stephen, A. T. (2016). A Thematic Exploration of Digital, Social Media, and Mobile Marketing: Research Evolution from 2000 to 2015 and an Agenda for Future Inquiry, Journal of Marketing, 80 (6), 146–172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0415.
21. Leta, S. D. ve Chan, I. C. C. (2021). Learn from the Past and Prepare for the Future: A Critical Assessment of Crisis Management Research in Hospitality, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95, 102915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102915.
22. Liebowitz, J. (2006). Strategic Intelligence: Business Intelligence, Competitive Intelligence, and Knowledge Management, Auerbach Publications.
23. McCarthy, S. P. (2018). The Function of Intelligence in Crisis Management: Towards an Understanding of the intelligence Producer-Consumer Dichotomy, Routledge.
24. Maccoby, M. (2001). Successful Leaders Employ Strategic Intelligence, Research Technology Management, 44(3), 58-60. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24133996.
25. MacDowell, D. (2009). Strategic Intelligence: A Handbook for Practitioners, Managers, and Users, (Series Ed. Jan Goldman), Scarecrow Press, Inc.
26. Pearson, C. M. ve Clair, J. A. (1998). Reframing Crisis Management, The Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 59-76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/259099.
27. Pursiainen, C. (2018). The Crisis Management Cycle, Routledge.
28. Saad, H. E. ve El-latief, M. F. A. (2023). Does Strategic Intelligence Impact The Achievement of Crisis Management Effectiveness? Evidence from Four and Five-Star Hotels in Luxor and Aswan, Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality, 24(1), 1-24.
29. Strategic Planning Handbook, International Board of Elsa 2021/2022. https://files.elsa.org/BEE/Toolkit/Strategic_Planning_Handbook.pdf.
30. Tarakçı, Nejat (2005). Çatışmayı Önleme ve Kriz Yönetimi. Çantay Yayınları.
31. Vargo, J. ve Seville, E. (2011). Crisis Strategic Planning for SMEs: Finding the Silver Lining, International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5619-5635. https://resorgs.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/crisis_strategic_planning_for_smes.pdf.