PAKİSTAN'DA KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİNİN ÖNÜNDEKİ BİR ENGEL OLARAK CİNSİYET

Öz

Günümüzün rekabetçi çağında, büyümeyi hedefleyen ülkeler, ekonomik kalkınmanın ve gelir elde etmenin temel bir bileşeni olarak girişimciliğe öncelik vermelidir. Pakistan'da, erkekler tarihsel olarak girişimcilik faaliyetlerinde baskın bir konuma sahip olmuştur. Ancak, teknolojik gelişmelerin ve yükseköğrenime erişimin artmasıyla birlikte kadınlar, bu geleneksel erkek egemen alana giderek daha fazla girmektedir. Bu makale, özellikle toplumdaki yerleşik cinsiyet eşitsizliğinden kaynaklanan Pakistanlı kadın girişimcilerin karşılaştığı zorlukları araştırmaktadır. Ataerkil normlar, finansal kaynaklara kısıtlı erişim ve sınırlı sosyal ve kurumsal destek gibi temel engelleri vurgulamaktadır. Bu engeller, özellikle başlangıç ve işletme genişlemesi gibi kritik aşamalarda kadınların girişimlerini başlatma ve büyütme yeteneklerini etkilemektedir. Makale, bu zorlukların pazarlar, ağlar ve mentorluk fırsatları gibi temel kaynaklara erişimi nasıl engellediğini daha da vurgulamaktadır. Bulgular, cinsiyete dayalı engellerin Pakistan'daki kadın girişimcilerin ekonomik katkılarını önemli ölçüde sınırladığını göstermektedir. Bu engellerin üstesinden gelmek, girişimcilikte cinsiyet eşitliğini teşvik etmek için politika müdahaleleri ve destek sistemleri gerektirir. Bu sorunların ele alınması, kadınların ekonomiye daha fazla güven, bağımsızlık ve özyönetimle katılmalarını sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• cinsiyet ayrımcılığı
• kadın
• girişimcilik
• cinsiyete özgü engeller
• Pakistan

Etik Beyan

Derleme makalesidir. Bu makale, yazarlardan herhangi biri tarafından katılımcılarla gerçekleştirilen herhangi bir çalışma içermemektedir.

GENDER BARRIER AS A HURDLE TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN PAKISTAN

Öz

In today’s competitive era, countries aiming for growth must prioritize entrepreneurship as a key component of economic development and income generation. In Pakistan, men have historically dominated entrepreneurial activities. However, with technological advances and increased access to higher education, women are increasingly entering this traditionally male-dominated field. This article explores the challenges faced by Pakistani women entrepreneurs, particularly those stemming from entrenched gender inequality in society. It highlights key barriers such as patriarchal norms, limited access to financial resources, and limited social and institutional support. These barriers impact women’s ability to launch and grow their enterprises, especially during critical stages such as start-up and business expansion. The article further highlights how these challenges hinder access to key resources such as markets, networks, and mentoring opportunities. The findings suggest that gender-based barriers significantly limit the economic contributions of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Overcoming these barriers requires policy interventions and support systems to promote gender equality in entrepreneurship. Addressing these issues can enable women to participate in the economy with greater confidence, independence, and self-direction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• gender discrimination
• woman
• entrepreneurship
• gender specific barriers
• Pakistan

Kaynakça

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