COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PAIRS TRADING STRATEGIES IN GLOBAL MARKETS: EVALUATING STATISTICAL ARBITRAGE USING MACHINE LEARNING-BASED Z-SCORE PREDICTION AND DYNAMIC THRESHOLDS

Öz

This study explores the integration of machine learning methodologies with traditional statistical arbitrage techniques to enhance performance in financial markets. Using data from six major global indices—CAC 40 (FCHI), DAX (GDAXI), S&P 500 (GSPC), Hang Seng (HSI), NASDAQ Composite (IXIC), and Nikkei 225 (N225)—the research applies the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test to assess stationarity and the Engle-Granger cointegration test to identify statistically significant index pair relationships. The study evaluates three strategic approaches. First, a baseline strategy employs static z-score thresholds as a reference model. Second, a dynamic approach continuously adjusts threshold values in response to market fluctuations. Finally, a hybrid methodology incorporates machine learning algorithms—including Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, and SVM—to enhance predictive capabilities. Performance is assessed using key financial metrics such as the Sharpe Ratio, Sortino Ratio, maximum drawdown, and F1 score. Results indicate that both dynamic thresholding and machine learning-augmented models outperform traditional approaches, offering improved risk-adjusted returns.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pairs Trade
• Machine Learning
• Cointegration Analysis
• Dynamic Thresholding
• Market İndices

DÜNYA BORSALARINDA İKİLİ İŞLEM STRATEJİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRMASI: MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ İLE Z-SKOR TAHMİNİ VE DİNAMİK EŞİK DEĞERİ BELİRLEME MODELLERİNİN İSTATİSTİKSEL ARBİTRAJ PERFORMANS ANALİZİ

Öz

İstatistiksel arbitraja dayalı ikili işlem stratejilerinin modern makine öğrenmesi teknikleriyle birleştirilmesi, finansal piyasalarda işlem performansını artırmak için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Çalışmada, altı önemli küresel piyasa endeksinden (FCHI, GDAXI, GSPC, HSI, IXIC ve N225) oluşan endeks verileri kullanılmıştır. İkili işlemlere uygun endeks çiftlerinin seçimi için öncelikle Genişletilmiş Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testi kullanılarak zaman serilerinin durağanlık analizi gerçekleştirilmiş, ardından Engle-Granger eşbütünleşme testi ile arasında uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilen endeks çiftleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, statik z-puanı eşiklerine dayalı temel stratejinin yanı sıra, Lojistik Regresyon, Rastgele Orman, XGBoost ve SVM gibi denetimli makine öğrenmesi tekniklerinin kullanıldığı hibrit bir yaklaşım geliştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, sürekli optimize edilen eşik değerlerine dayanan dinamik bir model de oluşturulmuştur. Stratejilerin performansı, Sharpe Oranı, Sortino Oranı, maksimum düşüş ve F1 skoru gibi metriklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, dinamik eşik değeri ve makine öğrenmesi destekli modellerin geleneksel yaklaşımlara kıyasla üstün performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İstatistiksel Arbitraj
• Makine Öğrenmesi
• Eşbütünleşme Analizi
• Dinamik Eşikleme
• Piyasa Endeksleri.

Kaynakça

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