YAŞLILIK DÖNEMİNİN KARİYER GELİŞİMİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 656 - 680, 02.10.2024

Cem Dönmezoğulları

https://doi.org/10.47525/ulasbid.1527593

Öz

Yaşlılık, bireylerin fiziksel, zihinsel ve sosyal alanlarda önemli değişimler yaşadığı bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde aktif olma, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini korumaları ve topluma katkıda bulunmaları açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak günümüzde modernizmin etkisiyle yaşlılık genellikle geri çekilmenin, yetersizliklerin ve rahatsızlıkların olduğu bir dönem olarak algılanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle yaşlı bireyler, sosyal yaşamdan ve iş yaşamından geri çekilme baskısı ile karşı karşıya kalabilmekte, ayrıca yaşlılığa karşı olumsuz bakış açısı geliştirebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte yapılan gençlik vurgusu ve yaş ayrımcılığı gibi nedenler yaşlı bireylerin ihtiyaçlarının ve sorunlarının geri planda kalmasına neden olabilmektedir. Oysa ki yaşlılığın da diğer yaşam dönemleri gibi gelişimin, aktif yaşamın ve kişisel büyümenin devam ettiği bir gelişim dönemi olarak görülmesi gereklidir. Yaşlılık kuramlarından biri olan aktivite kuramına göre yaşlılık, bir geri çekilme süreci değil, aksine bireyin sağlığı ve imkânları doğrultusunda kendini ifade etme, yaşamını anlamlandırma ve yeni roller üstlenerek aktif bir yaşam sürdürme sürecidir. Gelişimin ve aktif yaşamın devam ettiği bu süreçte önemli gelişim alanlarından biri de kariyerdir. Bu dönemde yaşlılar, işle ilgili rollerin kaybı, serbest zamanın etkili bir şekilde değerlendirilmesi, emekliliğe hazırlık, emeklilik sürecine uyum ve aktif yaşamı sürdürme gibi kariyer sorunları ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu açıdan yaşlılıkta kariyer gelişimini desteklemek bireylerin hem ruh sağlığına hem de sağlıklı bir şekilde yaşlanmalarına katkıda bulunacaktır. Türkiye’de kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı literatürü incelendiğinde, yaşlıların kariyer gelişiminin ihmal edildiği görülmektedir. Bu durum Türkiye’de yaşlıların kariyer gelişimi ve emeklilik sürecine uyumu konusunda çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğunu göstermektedir. Literatür derleme niteliğindeki bu çalışmada, yaşlılık bağlamında kariyer gelişimi ve emeklilikte kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı konularına ilgi çekmek amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaşlılık, Kariyer Gelişimi, Emeklilik, Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı

EVALUATION OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE ELDERLY

Öz

Aging is a period during which individuals undergo significant changes in physical, mental, and social domains. Maintaining an active lifestyle during this time is crucial for preserving quality of life and contributing to society. However, in today’s world, influenced by modernism, aging is often perceived as a period of withdrawal, inadequacies, and discomforts. As a result, elderly individuals may face pressures to withdraw from social and work life and may develop negative attitudes towards aging. Additionally, factors such as the emphasis on youth and age discrimination can lead to the needs and challenges of elderly individuals being overlooked. Yet, aging should be seen as a stage of continued development, active living, and personal growth, much like other phases of life. According to the activity theory -one of the key theories of aging- aging is not a process of withdrawal but rather one of active engagement. During this time, individuals, depending on their health and abilities, can continue to express themselves, find meaning in life, and assume new roles. One of the critical areas of development in this ongoing process is career. In this period, the elderly encounter career-related issues such as the loss of work-related roles, the effective use of leisure time, preparation for retirement, adaptation to the retirement process, and the maintenance of an active lifestyle. Supporting career development in old age not only contributes to the mental health of individuals but also promotes healthy aging. A review of the literature on career counseling in Turkey reveals that the career development of the elderly has been largely neglected. This highlights the need for further studies on the career development and retirement adaptation of elderly individuals in Turkey. This literature review aims to draw attention to the significance of career development and career counseling in the context of aging and retirement.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elderly, Career Development, Retirement, Career Counseling

Kaynakça

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