WHAT IS DISTINCTIVELY NEW ABOUT SO-CALLED ‘NEW’ WARS?

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 21, 227 - 236, 22.05.2018

Özgür Tüfekçi

https://doi.org/10.18092/ulikidince.396277

Öz

In the post-Cold war era, there has been a
growing tendency to suggest the classification of ‘new’ wars, since the
perception of the threat has changed. Since threats coming from within states
have recently become dominant, many scholars have studied this development. The
consensus they have reached is that this type of threat represents a different
kind of war. Kalevi Holsti has named it a third kind of war (1996); Martin van
Creveld has named it ‘Low-Intensity Conflict’ (1991); and Mary Kaldor has named
it ‘new war’ (1999). This article will embrace Mary Kaldor’s ‘new war’ concept
and use it to analyse and describe this different kind of war and compare it
with old wars. In contrast to these aforementioned arguments, some scholars,
such as Edward Newman and Stathis N. Kalyvas, have argued that there are no new
wars in the contemporary world. According to them, many features of the
so-called new wars can be seen in old wars. This paper also aims to unfold
whether the new wars are in fact new or not. To better observe this, first the
characteristics of new wars and old wars will be considered and then they will
be compared to find out what is distinctively new about so-called new wars.

Anahtar Kelimeler

New wars, Old wars, Privatisation of war, Intrastate wars, War economy

WHAT IS DISTINCTIVELY NEW ABOUT SO-CALLED ‘NEW’ WARS?

Öz

Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde tehdit algısı değişmiş
olduğundan ötürü savaşlarla ilgili ‘yeni’ sınıflandırmaların ortaya atılması
yönünde eğilimler ortaya çıkmıştır. Devletlerin içinden gelen bu tehdit
yaygınlaştıkça birçok akademisyen bu tehdit üzerine çalışma yapmaya
başlamıştır. Genel olarak ulaşılan konsensüs bunun farklı bir tür savaş
olduğudur. Bununla birlikte, Kalevi Holsti (1996) bunu üçüncü tür savaş olarak
adlandırırken; Martin Van Creveld (1991) Düşük-yoğunluklu Çatışma olarak
nitelendirmiş ve Mary Kaldor (1999) yeni savaş kullanımını tercih etmiştir. Bu
makale Mary Kaldor’un ‘yeni savaş’ konseptini temel alarak bu yeni tehdidin
eski savaşlardan farklarını açıklamaya çalışacaktır. Diğer taraftan, Edward
Newman ve Stathis N. Kalyvas gibi bazı akademisyenler de modern dünyada yeni
savaşların olmadığını savunmaktadırlar. Onlara göre yeni olduğu iddia edilen
özellikler aslında eski savaşların özellikleridir. Bu noktada, bu makale yeni
savaşların gerçekten yeni olup olmadığını sorgulayacaktır. Bu bağlamda ilk
olarak eski ve yeni savaşların özellikleri incelenecek ve bu özellikler
karşılaştırılarak ‘yeni savaş’ların ayırt edici özelliklerinin var olup var
olmadığına bakılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeni Savaşlar, Eski Savaşlar, Savaşların Özelleşmesi, Devlet-içi Savaş, Savaş Ekonomisi

Kaynakça

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