Analysis of Economic Determinants of the Effectiveness of Humanitarian Logistics

Öz

Natural disasters, wars, economic bottlenecks, and other humanitarian crises in underdeveloped countries can cause widespread destruction and loss of life. The main purpose of humanitarian aid operations is to provide emergency aid, comprising food, water, shelter, and basic health supplies, to crises in underdeveloped countries. In this respect, efficiency analysis is one of the focal points of humanitarian aid logistics research. This research examined the economic determinants of the effectiveness of humanitarian logistics in underdeveloped countries. For this purpose, the period of 2014-2019 for 20 less-developed countries was estimated using data envelopment and panel data analysis methods. Within the research framework, the effectiveness of humanitarian aid logistics was first determined using the data envelopment technique and the Malmquist total factor productivity index. The data envelopment method is a linear programming method that reveals the effectiveness of decision units because of analyzing too many input and output factors. The Malmquist index is used to determine the periodic change in productivity. In the study, the input parameters were adults and children living with HIV, population ratio, and per capita health expenditures. The output units comprised people with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy, life expectancy at birth, and the total population enjoying at least basic drinking water and sanitation services. In the next research stage, the effects of selected economic indicators on the effectiveness of humanitarian aid logistics were analyzed using panel regression estimators. Inferences were made for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers through the results of the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Humanitarian Logistics
• Economic Development
• Least Developed Countries
• Data Envelopment Analysis
• Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index
• AFR-FE Estimator.

İnsani Yardım Lojistiğinde Ekonomik Belirleyiciler ve Etkinlik Analizi

Öz

Az gelişmiş ülkelerde yaşanan doğal afetler, savaşlar, ekonomik darboğazlar ve diğer insani krizler geniş çaplı yıkıma ve can kayıplarına neden olabilmektedir. İnsani yardım operasyonlarının ana amacı az gelişmiş ülkelerde yaşanan krizlere gıda, su, barınma ve temel sağlık malzemelerinden oluşan acil yardımların temin edilmesidir. Bu bakımdan insani yardım lojistiği araştırmalarının odak noktalarından birisini etkinlik analizleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma az gelişmiş ülkelerde insani yardım lojistiğinin etkinliğinin ekonomik belirleyicilerini incelemiştir. Bu amaçla 20 az gelişmiş ülke için 2014-2019 dönemi veri zarflama ve panel veri analizi yöntemleri kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Araştırma çerçevesinde ilk olarak insani yardım lojistiğinin etkinliği veri zarflama tekniği ve Malmquist toplam faktör verimliliği endeksi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Veri zarflama yöntemi, çok fazla girdi ve çıktı faktörünün analiz edilmesi sonucu karar birimlerinin etkinliğini ortaya koyan doğrusal bir programlama yöntemidir. Malmquist endeksi ise verimliliğin dönemsel değişimini tespit etmek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmada girdi parametrelerini HIV ile yaşayan yetişkinler ve çocuklar, nüfus oranı ve kişi başına düşen sağlık harcamaları oluşturmuştur. Çıktı birimlerini Antiretroviral tedavi ile tedavi edilen HIV'li kişiler, doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi, en azından temel içme suyu ve sanitasyon hizmetlerinden yararlanan toplam nüfus oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın sonraki aşamasında ise seçilmiş ekonomik göstergelerin insani yardım lojistiğinin etkinliği üzerindeki etkileri panel regresyon tahmincileri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları üzerinden politika yapıcıları, pratisyenler ve araştırmacılar için çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsani Yardım Lojistiği
• Ekonomik Kalkınma
• Az Gelişmiş Ülkeler
• Veri Zarflama Analizi
• Malmquist Toplam Faktör Verimliği Endeksi
• AFR-FE Tahmincisi.

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