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Önemli Bir Arı Ürünü: Propolis

Yıl 2002, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 2, 10 - 24, 28.05.2002

Ulviye Kumova

Öz

Propolis en önemli arı ürünlerinden birisidir. Propolis yapışkan bir madde olup, bal arıları tarafından bitkilerden toplanan ve mumla karıştırarak kovan içerisinde birçok amaca yönelik olarak kullanılan bir maddedir. Arılar propolisi kovan ve diğer yaşam alanlarının iç duvarlarında kullanırlar. Delik ve çatlakların kapatılmasında, peteklerin tamir edilmesinde peteklerin birbirlerine yapıştırılmasında, savunmayı kolaylaştırmak veya kovan girişini daraltmak amacıyla kullanılır. Ayrıca propolis kovan içerisine giren ve ölen fakat arılar tarafından dışarıya atılamayan maddelerin üzerini örtmekte kullanılır. Propolisin güçlü dezenfektan etkisi bulunmakta ve bu etki kovan ile petek gözlerinin dezenfeksiyonunu sağlamaktadır. Mikroorganizmalara karşı olan etkisi propolisin en önemli özelliğidir. Bu yüzden eski zamanlardan günümüze kadar propolis farmakolojik özellikleri sebebiyle insanlar tarafından kullanılmaktadır.
Propolis, antimikrobial, antifungal, antivirus, anti-inflamatör ve anestezik etkiler yanında pek çok yararlı biyolojik aktivitenin gerçekleşmesine neden olur. Bu nedenle propolis, apiterapide, biyokozmetikte, sağlıklı beslenme gibi pek çok amaç için kullanılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apis mellifera bal arısı arı ürünleri apiterapi propolis

Kaynakça

  • Aga, H., Shibuya, T., Sugimoto, T., Kurimoto, M., Nakajima, Sh., 1994. Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds in Brazilian Propolis. Biochem. 58:945–946.
  • Bankova, V., Christov, R., Delgado Tejera, A., 1998. Lignans and Other Constituents of Propolis from the Canary Islands. Phytochemistry. 49:1411–1415.
  • Bankova, V., De Castro, S. L., Marcucci, M. 2000. Propolis: Recent Advances in Chemistry and Plant Orijin. Apidologie. 31:3-15.
  • Bankova, V., Marcucci, M.C., Simova, S., Nikolova, N., Kujumgiev, A., Popov S., 1996. Antibacterial Diterpenic Acids from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 51: 277– 280.
  • Bankova, V., Nikolova, N., Marcucci, M., 1996. A New Lignan from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 51:735–737.
  • Banskota, A. H., Tezuka, Y., Prasain, J. K., Matsushige, K., Saiki, I., Kadota, Sh., 1998. Chemical Constituents of Brazilian Propolis and Their Cytotoxic Activities. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 896–900.
  • Basnet, P., Matsuno, T., Neidlein, R., 1997. Potent Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Propolis Isolated from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52: 828–833.
  • Basnet, P., Matsushige, K., Hase, K., Kadota, S., 1996. Potent Antihepatotoxic Activity of Dicaffeoyl Quinic Acids from Propolis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19: 1479–1484.
  • Borcic, I., Radonic, A., Grzunov, K., 1996. Comparison of the Volatile Constituents of Propolis Gathered in Different Regions of Croatia. Flavour Fragrance J. 11: 311–313.
  • Boudourova-Krasteva G., Bankova V., Sforcin J.M., Nikolova N., Popov S., 1997. Phenolics from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52: 676–679.
  • Christov R., Bankova V., Hegazi A., Abd El Hady F., Popov S., 1998. Chemical Composition of Egyptian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 53: 197–200.
  • Christov R., Bankova V., Tsvetkova I., Kujumgiev A., Delgado Tejera A., 1999. Antibacterial Furofuran Lignans from Canary Island Propolis. Fitoterapia. 70: 89–92.
  • Crane E., 1988. Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Recourses. Heinemann, London.
  • Diaz N.J., Quevedo Alvarez O., Saucedo B.L., 1997. Determination of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in an Ethanolic Extract of Cuban Propolis. Rev. Cienc. Quim. 28: 93–95.
  • Garcia-Viguera C., Ferreres F., Tomas-Barberan F.A., 1993. Study of Canadian Propolis By GC-MS and HPLC, Z. Naturforsch. 48: 731–735.
  • Ghisalberti E.L., Jefferies P.R., Lanteri R., Matisons J., 1978. Constituents of Propolis, Experientia. 34: 157–158.
  • Ghisalberti E.L., 1978. Propolis: a Review. Bee World 60: 59– 84.
  • Greenaway W., Scaysbrook T., Whatley F.R., 1987. The Analysis of Bud Exudate of Populus X Euramericana, and of Propolis, By GCMS. Proc. R. Soc. London B. 232:249– 272.
  • Hegazi, A. G., Faten, K. Abbd El Hady. 2001. Egyptian Propolis: 1-Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Upper Egypt Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 56:82-88.
  • Hegazi, A. G., Faten, K. Abbd El Hady., Fayrouz A. M. AbdAllah., 2000. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of European Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 55:70-75.
  • Koenig B., 1995. Plant Sources of Propolis, Bee World. 66:136– 139.
  • Maciejevicz W., Scheller S., Danievski M., 1983. Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry Investigation of Propolis, Analysis of Sesquiterpenes. Acta Pol. Pharm. 40:251–253.
  • Marcucci M.C., 1995. Propolis: Chemical Composition, Biological Properties And Therapeutical Activity. Apidologie. 26:83–99.
  • Marcucci M.C., Rodriguez J., Ferreres F., Bankova V., Groto R., Popov S., 1998. Chemical Composition of Brazilian Propolis from São Paulo State, Z. Naturforsch. 53:117– 119.
  • Markham K.R., Mitchell K.A., Wilkins A.L., Daldy J.A., Lu Y., 1996. HPLC and GC-MS Identification of the Major Organic Constituents in New Zealand Propolis. Phytoch. 42:205–211.
  • Martos I., Cossentini M., Ferreres F., Tomas-Barberan F.A., 1997. Flavonoid Composition of Tunisian Honey and Propolis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:2824–2829.
  • Matsuda Sh., 1994. Propolis–Health Care Food. Foods & Food Ingred. J. Jap. 160:64–73.
  • Matsuno T., 1995. A New Clerodane Diterpenoid Isolated from Propolis. Z. Naturfor. 50:93–97.
  • Matsuno T., Jung S.K., Matsumoto Y., Saito M., Morilawa J., 1997. Preferential Cytotoxicity to Tumor Cells of 3,5- diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) Isolated from Propolis. Anticancer Res. 17:3565–3568.
  • Matsuno T., Matsumoto Y., Saito M., Morikawa J., 1997. Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic Diterpenoid Isomers from Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52:702–704.
  • Matsushige, K., Basnet, p., Hase, K., Kadota, S., Tanaka, K., Namba, T. 1996. Propolis Protects Pancreatic β-Cells Against the Toxicity of Streptozotocin. Phytomedicine. 3:203-209.
  • Nagy E., Papay V., Litkei G., Dinya Z., 1986. Investigation of the Chemical Constituents, Particularly the Flavonoid Components, of Propolis and Populi gemma by the GC/MS Method, Stud. Org. Chem. 23:223–232.
  • Negri G., Marcucci M.C., Salatino A., Salatino M.L.F., 1998. Hydrocarbons and Monoesters of Propolis Waxes from Brazil. Apidologie. 29:305–314.
  • Pochinkova P., 1986. Bee Products in Medicine. Bulg. Acad. Sci. Publ. House, Sofia.
  • Popravko S.A., 1978. Chemical Composition of Propolis, its Origin and Standardization, in: A Remarkable Hive Product: Propolis, Apimondia Publ. House, Bucharest, 15– 18.
  • Popravko S.A., Sokolov M.V., 1980. Plant Sources of Propolis. Pchelovodstvo. 2: 28–29
  • Tatefuji T., Izumi N., Ohta T., Arai Sh., Ikeda M., Kurimoto M.,1996. Isolation and Identification of Compounds from Brazilian Propolis which Enhance Macrophage Spreading and Mobility. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19: 966–970.
  • Tazawa Sh., Warashina T., Noro T., Miyase T., 1998. Studies on the Constituents of Brazilian Propolis. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46: 1477–1479.
  • Thomas-Barberan F.A., Garcia-Viguera C., Vit-Olivier P., Ferreres F., Tomas-Lorente F., 1993. Phytochemical Evidence for the Botanical Origin of Tropical Propolis from Venezuela. Phytochem. 34: 191–196.
  • Valcic S., Montenegro G., Timmermann B., 1998. Lignans from Chilean Propolis. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 771–775.
  • Walker P., Crane E., Constituents of Propolis. Apidologie. 18 (1987) 327–334.
  • Wollenweber E., Buchmann S.L., 1997. Feral Honey Bees in the Sonoran Desert: Propolis Sources Other than Poplar (Populus spp.). Z. Naturforsch. 52: 530–535.
  • htpp//www.apitherapi.org. htpp//www.eneshoney.homepage.come
  • htpp//www.unipharm.com.tr./8.htm htpp//www.estore.com.tr./estore/bakım
  • htpp//www.iherb.com/propolis.htm htpp//www.kevala.co.uk./products
  • htpp//www.comvita.com/product/propolis.htm. htpp//www.propolis.net/about.htm
  • htpp//www.wic.net/waltzarg/propolis.htm htpp//www.bee propolis./apiteherapi org/aas/bee propolis.htm

An Important Bee Products: Propolis

Yıl 2002, Cilt: 02 Sayı: 2, 10 - 24, 28.05.2002

Ulviye Kumova

Öz

Propolis is one of the most important bee products. Propolis is a sticky material that honey bees collect from plants, mix with wax and use this product for many purposes. Bees apply propolis on the internal walls of their hive or other cavities. It is used to block holes and cracks, to repair combs, to strengthen the thin borders of the comb, and to reduce the hive entrance in the fall or make it easier to defend. Also propolis is used as an embalming substance to cover hive invaders that bees kill but can not transport out of the hive. In addition, propolis has a highly disinfection effect and bees use it to disenfect the hive and comb cells. The action against microorganisms is an essential characteristic of propolis. Therefore, propolis has been used by human beings since ancient times for its pharmaceutical properties.
Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal, antivirus, antiflamatuar and anesteshic effects and many benefical biological activities. For this reason, propolis is widely used as a popular remedy in folk medicine, apitherapy, biocosmetics, healthy food and for many purposes.
Keywords: Apis mellifera, honeybee, bee products, apitherapy, propolis,

Anahtar Kelimeler

Apis mellifera honeybee bee products apitherapy propolis

Kaynakça

  • Aga, H., Shibuya, T., Sugimoto, T., Kurimoto, M., Nakajima, Sh., 1994. Isolation and Identification of Antimicrobial Compounds in Brazilian Propolis. Biochem. 58:945–946.
  • Bankova, V., Christov, R., Delgado Tejera, A., 1998. Lignans and Other Constituents of Propolis from the Canary Islands. Phytochemistry. 49:1411–1415.
  • Bankova, V., De Castro, S. L., Marcucci, M. 2000. Propolis: Recent Advances in Chemistry and Plant Orijin. Apidologie. 31:3-15.
  • Bankova, V., Marcucci, M.C., Simova, S., Nikolova, N., Kujumgiev, A., Popov S., 1996. Antibacterial Diterpenic Acids from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 51: 277– 280.
  • Bankova, V., Nikolova, N., Marcucci, M., 1996. A New Lignan from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 51:735–737.
  • Banskota, A. H., Tezuka, Y., Prasain, J. K., Matsushige, K., Saiki, I., Kadota, Sh., 1998. Chemical Constituents of Brazilian Propolis and Their Cytotoxic Activities. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 896–900.
  • Basnet, P., Matsuno, T., Neidlein, R., 1997. Potent Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Propolis Isolated from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52: 828–833.
  • Basnet, P., Matsushige, K., Hase, K., Kadota, S., 1996. Potent Antihepatotoxic Activity of Dicaffeoyl Quinic Acids from Propolis. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19: 1479–1484.
  • Borcic, I., Radonic, A., Grzunov, K., 1996. Comparison of the Volatile Constituents of Propolis Gathered in Different Regions of Croatia. Flavour Fragrance J. 11: 311–313.
  • Boudourova-Krasteva G., Bankova V., Sforcin J.M., Nikolova N., Popov S., 1997. Phenolics from Brazilian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52: 676–679.
  • Christov R., Bankova V., Hegazi A., Abd El Hady F., Popov S., 1998. Chemical Composition of Egyptian Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 53: 197–200.
  • Christov R., Bankova V., Tsvetkova I., Kujumgiev A., Delgado Tejera A., 1999. Antibacterial Furofuran Lignans from Canary Island Propolis. Fitoterapia. 70: 89–92.
  • Crane E., 1988. Beekeeping: Science, Practice and World Recourses. Heinemann, London.
  • Diaz N.J., Quevedo Alvarez O., Saucedo B.L., 1997. Determination of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in an Ethanolic Extract of Cuban Propolis. Rev. Cienc. Quim. 28: 93–95.
  • Garcia-Viguera C., Ferreres F., Tomas-Barberan F.A., 1993. Study of Canadian Propolis By GC-MS and HPLC, Z. Naturforsch. 48: 731–735.
  • Ghisalberti E.L., Jefferies P.R., Lanteri R., Matisons J., 1978. Constituents of Propolis, Experientia. 34: 157–158.
  • Ghisalberti E.L., 1978. Propolis: a Review. Bee World 60: 59– 84.
  • Greenaway W., Scaysbrook T., Whatley F.R., 1987. The Analysis of Bud Exudate of Populus X Euramericana, and of Propolis, By GCMS. Proc. R. Soc. London B. 232:249– 272.
  • Hegazi, A. G., Faten, K. Abbd El Hady. 2001. Egyptian Propolis: 1-Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Upper Egypt Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 56:82-88.
  • Hegazi, A. G., Faten, K. Abbd El Hady., Fayrouz A. M. AbdAllah., 2000. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of European Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 55:70-75.
  • Koenig B., 1995. Plant Sources of Propolis, Bee World. 66:136– 139.
  • Maciejevicz W., Scheller S., Danievski M., 1983. Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry Investigation of Propolis, Analysis of Sesquiterpenes. Acta Pol. Pharm. 40:251–253.
  • Marcucci M.C., 1995. Propolis: Chemical Composition, Biological Properties And Therapeutical Activity. Apidologie. 26:83–99.
  • Marcucci M.C., Rodriguez J., Ferreres F., Bankova V., Groto R., Popov S., 1998. Chemical Composition of Brazilian Propolis from São Paulo State, Z. Naturforsch. 53:117– 119.
  • Markham K.R., Mitchell K.A., Wilkins A.L., Daldy J.A., Lu Y., 1996. HPLC and GC-MS Identification of the Major Organic Constituents in New Zealand Propolis. Phytoch. 42:205–211.
  • Martos I., Cossentini M., Ferreres F., Tomas-Barberan F.A., 1997. Flavonoid Composition of Tunisian Honey and Propolis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:2824–2829.
  • Matsuda Sh., 1994. Propolis–Health Care Food. Foods & Food Ingred. J. Jap. 160:64–73.
  • Matsuno T., 1995. A New Clerodane Diterpenoid Isolated from Propolis. Z. Naturfor. 50:93–97.
  • Matsuno T., Jung S.K., Matsumoto Y., Saito M., Morilawa J., 1997. Preferential Cytotoxicity to Tumor Cells of 3,5- diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (artepillin C) Isolated from Propolis. Anticancer Res. 17:3565–3568.
  • Matsuno T., Matsumoto Y., Saito M., Morikawa J., 1997. Isolation and Characterization of Cytotoxic Diterpenoid Isomers from Propolis. Z. Naturforsch. 52:702–704.
  • Matsushige, K., Basnet, p., Hase, K., Kadota, S., Tanaka, K., Namba, T. 1996. Propolis Protects Pancreatic β-Cells Against the Toxicity of Streptozotocin. Phytomedicine. 3:203-209.
  • Nagy E., Papay V., Litkei G., Dinya Z., 1986. Investigation of the Chemical Constituents, Particularly the Flavonoid Components, of Propolis and Populi gemma by the GC/MS Method, Stud. Org. Chem. 23:223–232.
  • Negri G., Marcucci M.C., Salatino A., Salatino M.L.F., 1998. Hydrocarbons and Monoesters of Propolis Waxes from Brazil. Apidologie. 29:305–314.
  • Pochinkova P., 1986. Bee Products in Medicine. Bulg. Acad. Sci. Publ. House, Sofia.
  • Popravko S.A., 1978. Chemical Composition of Propolis, its Origin and Standardization, in: A Remarkable Hive Product: Propolis, Apimondia Publ. House, Bucharest, 15– 18.
  • Popravko S.A., Sokolov M.V., 1980. Plant Sources of Propolis. Pchelovodstvo. 2: 28–29
  • Tatefuji T., Izumi N., Ohta T., Arai Sh., Ikeda M., Kurimoto M.,1996. Isolation and Identification of Compounds from Brazilian Propolis which Enhance Macrophage Spreading and Mobility. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 19: 966–970.
  • Tazawa Sh., Warashina T., Noro T., Miyase T., 1998. Studies on the Constituents of Brazilian Propolis. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 46: 1477–1479.
  • Thomas-Barberan F.A., Garcia-Viguera C., Vit-Olivier P., Ferreres F., Tomas-Lorente F., 1993. Phytochemical Evidence for the Botanical Origin of Tropical Propolis from Venezuela. Phytochem. 34: 191–196.
  • Valcic S., Montenegro G., Timmermann B., 1998. Lignans from Chilean Propolis. J. Nat. Prod. 61: 771–775.
  • Walker P., Crane E., Constituents of Propolis. Apidologie. 18 (1987) 327–334.
  • Wollenweber E., Buchmann S.L., 1997. Feral Honey Bees in the Sonoran Desert: Propolis Sources Other than Poplar (Populus spp.). Z. Naturforsch. 52: 530–535.
  • htpp//www.apitherapi.org. htpp//www.eneshoney.homepage.come
  • htpp//www.unipharm.com.tr./8.htm htpp//www.estore.com.tr./estore/bakım
  • htpp//www.iherb.com/propolis.htm htpp//www.kevala.co.uk./products
  • htpp//www.comvita.com/product/propolis.htm. htpp//www.propolis.net/about.htm
  • htpp//www.wic.net/waltzarg/propolis.htm htpp//www.bee propolis./apiteherapi org/aas/bee propolis.htm
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yapısal Biyoloji
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Ulviye Kumova Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Mayıs 2002
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2002 Cilt: 02 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Kumova U. Önemli Bir Arı Ürünü: Propolis. U.Arı D.-U.Bee J. 2002;02(2):10-24.
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