TÜRKİYE'DE YETİŞTİRİLEN ANA ARILARIN FİZİKSEL KALİTE KRİTERLERİ VE TÜRKİYE ARICILIĞI İÇİN ÖNEMİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 296 - 306, 19.11.2023

Mahir Murat Cengiz , Servet Arslan

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1339186

Öz

Derleme, ana arıların fiziksel kalitesini etkileyen hayati parametreleri incelemektedir. Beslenme, çevre koşulları ve yetiştirme teknikleri gibi faktörlere odaklanan çalışma, bu kriterlerin bal arısı kolonilerinin genel sağlığı ve üretkenliği üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin altını çiziyor. Gelişmiş koloni performansı ve hastalıklara karşı direnç sağlamak için sağlam ve genetik olarak çeşitli ana arıların seçilmesinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ticari işletmelerde yüksek kaliteli ana arıların benimsenmesini teşvik ederek, Türkiye'deki bal arısı popülasyonlarının canlılığını ve sürdürülebilirliğini artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde, Türk arıcılık endüstrisindeki arıcılar ve paydaşlar, ana arı üretiminde fiziksel kalite standartlarına bağlı kalmanın önemine dair önemli bilgiler edinmektedir. Arıcılar önerilen kriterleri uygulayarak bal üretimini artırabilir, tozlaşma hizmetlerini iyileştirebilir ve ülke florasının korunmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Sonuç olarak, bu çabalar Türkiye'de sağlam ve sürdürülebilir bir arıcılık sektörünün büyümesini destekleyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bal arısı, Ana arı, Ana arı yetiştirme, Üreme özellikleri, Kalite kriterleri

Physical Quality Criteria of Queen Bees Reared in Türkiye and Their Importance for Turkish Beekeeping

Öz

The review, investigates the vital parameters that influence the physical quality of queen bees. Focusing on factors like nutrition, environmental conditions, and breeding techniques, the study underscores the direct impact of these criteria on the overall health and productivity of honeybee colonies. It highlights the importance of selecting robust and genetically diverse queens to ensure improved colony performance and disease resistance. It aims to increase the viability and sustainability of honey bee populations in Türkiye by encouraging the adoption of high-quality queen bees in commercial enterprises. Through this study, beekeepers and stakeholders in the Turkish beekeeping industry gain crucial insights into the importance of adhering to physical quality standards in queen bee production. By implementing the recommended criteria, beekeepers can boost honey production, improve pollination services, and contribute to preserving the country's flora. Ultimately, these efforts will support the growth of Türkiye's robust and sustainable beekeeping sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Honeybee, Queen bee, Queen rearing, Reproductive features, Quality criteria

Kaynakça

• Akyol E, Yeninar H, Kaftanoglu O. Live weight of queen honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) predicts reproductive characteristics. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc, 2008;81(2):92-100. DOI: 10.2317/JKES-705.13.1
• Al-Lawati H, Kamp G, Bienefeld K. Characteristics of the spermathecal contents of old and young honeybee queens. J. Insect Physiol., 2009;55(2):117-122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.10.010
• Amiri E, Meixner M, Büchler R, Kryger P. Chronic bee paralysis virus in honeybee queens: Evaluating susceptibility and infection routes. Viruses 2014;6:1188–1201. DOI:10.3390/v6031188
• Amiri E, Meixner MD, Kryger P. Deformed wing virus can be transmitted during natural mating in honey bees and infect the queens. Sci. Rep., 2016;6(1):33065. DOI:1038/srep33065
• Amiri E, Strand MK, Rueppell O, Tarpy DR. Queen quality and the impact of honey bee diseases on queen health: potential for interactions between two major threats to colony health. Insects, 2017;8(2):48. DOI:10.3390/insects8020048
• Amiri E, Strand MK, Tarpy DR, Rueppell O. Honey bee queens and virus infections. Viruses, 2020;12(3):322. DOI:10.3390/v12030322
• Anonymous, Türkiye Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı verileri. www.tarimorman.gov.tr/Konular/Hayvancilik/Aricilik, 2023
• Arslan S, Cengiz MM, Gül A, Sayed S. Evaluation of the standards compliance of the queen bees reared in the Mediterranean region in Turkey. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2021;28(5):2686-2691. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.009
• Boomsma JJ, Ratnieks FL. Paternity in eusocial Hymenoptera. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 1996;351(1342):947-975. DOI:10.1098/rstb.1996.0087
• Botías C, Martín-Hernández R, Días J, García-Palencia P, Matabuena M, Juarranz Á, Barrios L, Meana A, Nanetti A, Higes M. The effect of induced queen replacement on Nosema spp. infection in honey bee (Apis mellifera iberiensis) colonies. Environ. Microbiol. 2012;14:845–859. DOI:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02647.x
• Camazine S, Cakmak I, Cramp K, Finley J, Fisher J, Frazier M, Rozo A. How healthy are commercially-produced US honey bee queens? Am. Bee J. 1998;138(9) 677-680
• Carreck NL, Andree M Brent CS, Cox-Foster D, Dade HA, Ellis JD, Hatjina F, vanEnglesdorp D. Standard methods for Apis mellifera anatomy and dissection. J. Apic. Res. 2013;52:1–40. DOI:10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.03
• Carr-Markell MK, McDonald KM, Mattila HR. Intracolonial genetic diversity increases chemical signaling by waggle-dancing honey bees, Apis mellifera. Insectes Soc. 2013;60:485-496. DOI:10.1007/s00040-013-0315-5
• Cengiz M, Yazici K, Arslan S. The effect of the supplemental feeding of queen rearing colonies on the reproductive characteristics of queen bees (Apis mellifera L.) Reared from egg and different old of larvae. Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. 2019;25(6):849-855
• Chen X, Hu Y, Zheng H, Cao L, Niu D, Yu D, Sun Y, Hu S, Hu F. Transcriptome comparison between honey bee queen- and worker-destined larvae. Insect Biochem. Mol. 2012;42:665–673. DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.05.004.
• Collins AM, Pettis JS. Correlation of queen size and spermathecal contents and effects of miticide exposure during development. Apidologie, 2013;44:351-356. DOI:10.1007/s13592-012-0186-1
• De Souza DA, Bezzera-Laure M, Francoy T, Gonçalves L. Experimental evaluation of the reproductive quality of Africanized queen bees (Apis mellifera) on the basis of body weight at emergence. Genet. Mol. Res. 2013;12(4):5382-5391. DOI: 10.4238/2013.November.7.13
• De Souza DA, Huang MH, Tarpy DR. Experimental improvement of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen quality through nutritional and hormonal supplementation. Apidologie, 2019;50:14-27. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-018-0614-y
• Dedej S, Hartfelder K, Aumeier P, Rosenkranz P, Engels W. Caste determination is a sequential process: effect of larval age at grafting on ovariole number, hind leg size and cephalic volatiles in the honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica). J. Apic. Res.1998;37(3):183-190. DOI:10.1080/00218839.1998.11100970
• Delaney DA, Keller JJ, Caren JR, Tarpy DR. The physical, insemination, and reproductive quality of honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.). Apidologie, 2011;42:1-13. DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010027
• Den Boer SPA, Boomsma JJ, Baer B. Honey bee males and queens use glandular secretions to enhance sperm viability before and after storage. J. Insect Physiol. 2009;55:538–543.DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.01.012
• Gąbka J, Zajdel B, Skorupka M, Ostaszewska T, Kamaszewski M. Effect of honey flow on acceptance of bee eggs at different age in rearing colonies. Med. Weter, 2014;70(12):760
• Genç F, Cengiz MM. Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L.) Anatomisi, Genetik ve Islahı ile Ana Arı Yetiştiriciliği. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara. 2019, ISBN: 978-605-288-857-5. s 203
• Gilley DC, Tarpy DR, Land BB. Effect of queen quality on interactions between workers and dueling queens in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 2003;55:190-196. DOI 10.1007/s00265-003-0708-y
• Gregorc A, Škerl M. Characteristics of honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica, Pollman 1879) queens reared in Slovenian commercial breeding stations. J. Apic. Sci. 2015;59(2):5-12. DOI:10.1515/jas-2015-0016
• Harano KI, Sasaki M, Sasaki K. Effects of reproductive state on rhythmicity, locomotor activity and body weight in European honeybee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera, Apini) queens. Sociobiology, 2007;50(1):189-200
• Hatch S, Tarpy RD, Fletcher C. Worker regulation of emergency queen rearing in honey bee colonies and the resultant variation in queen quality. Insect Soc. 1999;46:372–377. DOI:10.1007/s000400050159
• Hatjina F, Bien ´kowska M, Charistos L, Chlebo R, Costa C, Draz ˇic MM, Wilde J. A review of methods used in some European countries for assessing the quality of honey bee queens through their physical characters and the performance of their colonies. J. Apic. Res. 2014;53:337–363. DOI: 10.3896/IBRA.1.53.3.02
• Hayworth MK, Johnson NG, Wilhelm ME, Gove RP, Metheny JD, Rueppell O. Added weights lead to reduced flight behavior and mating success in polyandrous honey bee queens (Apis mellifera). Ethology, 2009;115(7):698-706. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01655.x
• Jackson TJ, Tarpy RD, Fahrbach ES. Histological estimates of ovariole number in honey bee queens, Apis mellifera, reveal lack of correlation with other queen quality measures. J. Insect Sci. 2011;11:1–11. DOI: /10.1673/031.011.8201
• Kahya Y, Gençer HV, Woyke J. Weight at emergence of honey bee (Apis mellifera caucasica) queens and its effect on live weights at the pre and post mating periods. J. Apic. Res. 2008;47(2):118-125. DOI:10.1080/00218839.200
• King M, Eubel H, Millar AH, Baer B. Proteins within the seminal fluid are crucial to keep sperm viable in the honeybee Apis mellifera. J. Insect Physiol. 2011;57:409–414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.12.011
• Koeniger G, Koeniger N, Ellis J, Connor LJ. Mating Biology of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera); Wicwas Press: Kalamazoo, MI, USA, 2014
• Kraus FB, Neumann P, Moritz R. Genetic variance of mating frequency in the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.). Insectes Soc. 2005;52:1-5.DOI:10.1007/s00040-004-0766-9
• Lodesani M, Balduzzi D, Galli A. A study on spermatozoa viability over time in honey bee (Apis mellifera ligustica) queen spermathecae. J. Apic. Res. 2004;43(1):27-28. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2004.11101105
• Mahbobi A, Farshineh-Adl M, Woyke J, Abbasi S. Effects of the Age of Grafted Larvae and the Effects of Supplemental Feeding on Some Morphological Characteristics of Iranian Queen Honey Bees (Skorikov, 1929). J. Apic. Sci. 2012;56(1):93-98. DOI:10.2478/v10289-012-0010-1
• Martin SJ, Highfield AC, Brettell L, Villalobos EM, Budge GE, Powell M, Nikaido S, Schroeder DC. Global honey bee viral landscape altered by a parasitic mite. Science, 2012;336:1304–1306. DOI: DOI: 10.1126/science.1220941
• Moretto G, Guerra J, Kalvelage H, Espindola E. Maternal influence on the acceptance of virgin queens introduced into Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies. Genet. Mol. Res. 2004;3(3):441-445
• Niño EL, Tarpy DR, Grozinger CM. Differential effects of insemination volume and substance on reproductive changes in honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.). Insect Mol. Biol. 2013;22(3):233-244. DOI: 10.1111/imb.12016
• Njeru LK, Raina SK, Kutima HL, Salifu D, Cham DT, Kimani J, Muli EM. Effect of larval age and supplemental feeding on morphometrics and oviposition in honey bee Apis mellifera scutellata queens. J. Apic. Res. 2017;56(3):183-189. DOI:10.1080/00218839.2017.1307714
• Okuyan S, Akyol E. The effects of age and number of grafted larvae on some physical characteristics of queen bees and acceptance rate of queen bee cell. TURJAF. 2018;6(11):1556-1561. DOI:10.24925/turjaf.v6i11.1556-1561.1955
• Ozbakir GO. Effects of rearing method on some morphological and reproductive organ characteristics of queen honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Med. Water, 2021;77(2):89-94. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6496
• Palmer KA, Oldroyd BP. Evolution of multiple mating in the genus Apis. Apidologie, 2000;31(2):235-248. DOI:10.1051/apido:2000119
• Rangel J, Keller JJ, Tarpy DR. The effects of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) queen reproductive potential on colony growth. Insect. Soc. 2013;60:65–73. DOI:10.1007/s00040-012-0267-1
• Rangel J, Böröczky K, Schal C, Tarpy DR. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen reproductive potential affects queen mandibular gland pheromone composition and worker retinue response. PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0156027. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0156027
• Richard FJ, Tarpy DR, Grozinger CM. Effects of insemination quantity on honey bee queen physiology. PloS One, 2007;2(10):e980. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0000980
• Rueppell O, Aumer D, Moritz RF. Ties between ageing plasticity and reproductive physiology in honey bees (Apis mellifera) reveal a positive relation between fecundity and longevity as consequence of advanced social evolution. Curr. Opin. Insect Sci. 2016;16:64-68. DOI:10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.009
• Rueppell O, Johnson N, Rychtáˇr J. Variance-based selection may explain general mating patterns in social insects. Biol. Lett. 2008;4:270–273. DOI:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0065
• Seeley TD, Tarpy DR. Queen promiscuity lowers disease within honeybee colonies. Proc. R. Soc. B: Biol. Sci. 2007;274(1606):67-72. DOI: doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3702
• Shehata SM, Townsend GF, Shuel RW. Seasonal physiological changes in queen and worker honeybees. J. Apic. Res.1981;20(2):69-78. DOI:10.1080/00218839.1981.11100475
• Skowronek W, Bieñkowska M, Kruk C. Changes in body weight of honey bee queens during their maturation. J. Apic. Sci. 2004;48(2):61-68
• Tarpy DR, Nielsen D. Sampling error, effective paternity, and estimating the genetic structure of honey bee colonies (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. 2002;95(4):513-528. DOI:10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0513: SEEPAE]2.0.CO;2
• Tarpy DR, Hatch S, Fletcher DJ. The influence of queen age and quality during queen replacement in honeybee colonies. Anim. Behav. 2000;59(1):97-101. DOI:10.1006/anbe.1999.1311
• Tarpy DR, Keller JJ, Caren JR, Delaney DA. Experimentally induced variation in the physical reproductive potential and mating success in honey bee queens. Insectes Soc. 2011;58:569-574. DOI:10.1007/s00040-011-0180-z
• Tarpy DR, Keller JJ, Caren JR, Delaney DA. Assessing the mating ‘health’of commercial honey bee queens. J. Econ. Entomol. 2012;105(1):20-25. DOI: 10.1603/EC11276
• Traver BE, Fell RD. Low natural levels of Nosema ceranae in Apis mellifera queens. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 2012;110:408–410. DOI:10.1016/j.jip.2012.04.001
• Villar G, Hefetz A, Grozinger CM. Evaluating the effect of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queen reproductive state on pheromone-mediated interactions with male drone bees. J. Chem. Ecol. 2019;45:588-597. doi.org/10.1007/s10886-019-01086-0
• Winston ML. The Biology of the Honey Bee; Harvard University Press: London, UK, 1987
• Woyke J. Natural and artificial insemination of queen honeybees. Bee World, 1962;43(1):21-25. DOI:10.1080/0005772X.1962.11096922
• Woyke J. Correlations between the age at which honeybee brood was grafted, characteristics of the resultant queens, and results of insemination. J. Apic. Res. 1971;10(1):45-55.DOI: 10.1080/00218839.1971.11099669
• Woyke J. Dynamics of entry of spermatozoa into the spermatheca of instrumentally inseminated queen honeybees. J. Apic. Res. 1983;22(3):150-154.DOI: 10.1080/00218839.1983.11100579
• Yañez O, Jaffé R, Jarosch A, Fries I, Moritz R, Paxton R, Miranda J. Deformed wing virus and drone mating flights in the honey bee (Apis mellifera): Implications for sexual transmission of a major honey bee virus. Apidologie, 2012;43:17–30. DOI:10.1007/s13592-011-0088-7