Research on Factors Affecting Consumers Perception of Natural Honey and Purchasing Behavior

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 93 - 125, 29.05.2024

Fatih Bilici

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1431615

Öz

This study aims to understand consumers' perceptions and preferences regarding natural honey by focusing on various dimensions. Based on data collected through online surveys and analyzed using structural equation modeling with the Smart PLS program, the research reveals strong relationships among health product awareness, perceived nutritional value, food safety, price, quality, color perception, attitude toward natural honey, willingness to pay more, and purchasing behavior. Positive correlations are observed between increased health product awareness, perceived nutritional value, food safety, price, and quality, leading to a more positive attitude toward natural honey. Both light and dark-colored honey perceptions influence perceived quality, with dark-colored honey perception having a more substantial impact. The positive effects of attitude toward natural honey on willingness to pay more and purchasing behavior are significant, strong, and positive. These findings indicate that consumers prefer natural honey based on health product features, nutritional value, food safety, price, quality, and color perception, and these preferences manifest in their purchasing behavior.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural honey, Purchasing behavior, Consumer perceptions

TÜKETİCİLERİN DOĞAL BAL ALGISI VE SATINALMA DAVRANIŞLARINI ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Öz

Bu çalışma, tüketicilerin doğal bal bağlamında algılarını ve tercihlerini anlamak amacıyla birçok farklı boyuta odaklanmaktadır. Çevrimiçi anketlerle toplanan verilere dayanan ve Smart PLS programı kullanılarak yapısal eşitlik modellemesiyle analiz edilen araştırmada, sağlıklı ürün farkındalığı, algılanan besin değeri, gıda güvenliği, fiyat, kalite, renk algısı, doğal bala yönelik tutum, daha fazla ödeme istekliliği ve satın alma davranışı arasında güçlü ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Sağlıklı ürün farkındalığı, algılanan besin değeri, gıda güvenliği, fiyat ve kalite arttıkça doğal bala yönelik olumlu tutumun arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Açık ve koyu renkli bal algıları, algılanan kalite üzerinde etkili olmakla birlikte, koyu renkli bal algısı daha güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Doğal bala yönelik tutumun, daha fazla ödeme istekliliği ve satın alma davranışı üzerinde anlamlı, güçlü ve pozitif etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu bulgular, tüketicilerin sağlıklı ürün özelliklerine, besin değerine, gıda güvenliğine, fiyata, kaliteye ve renk algısına dayalı olarak doğal balı tercih ettiklerini ve bu tercihlerin satın alma davranışlarına yansıdığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal bal, Satın alma davranışı, Daha fazla ödeme istekliliği, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Tüketici algıları

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırma bilimsel etik kurallarına uygun olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

• Aertsens J, Verbeke W, Mondelaers K, Huylenbroeck G. Personal determinants of organic food consumption: a review. British Food Journal. 2009;111(10):1140-1167, https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910992961.
• Ahmad N, Khairatun S, Abidin U. Factors influencing intention to purchase fraudulent honey among Malaysian consumers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 2021;11(4), https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i4/9040.
• Ajibola A, Chamunorwa J, Erlwanger K. Nutraceutical values of natural honey and its contribution to human health and wealth. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2012;9(1):61, https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-9-61.
• Ajzen I. The theory of planned behavior: frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies. 2020;2(4):314-324, https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.195.
• Akroush M, Zuriekat M, Jabali H, Asfour N. Determinants of purchasing intentions of energy-efficient products. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 2019;13(1):128-148, https://doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2018-0009.
• Alam S, Sayuti N. Applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in halal food purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management. 2011;21(1):8-20, https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111676.
• Ali F, Amin M, Çobanoğlu C. An integrated model of service experience, emotions, satisfaction, and price acceptance: An empirical analysis in the Chinese hospitality industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management. 2016;25(4):449-475.
• Ali F, Rasoolimanesh SM, Sarstedt M, Ringle CM, Ryu K. An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 2018;30(1):514-538.
• Aljohar H, Maher H, Albaqami J, Al-Mehaizie M, Orfali R, Orfali R vd. Physical and chemical screening of honey samples available in the Saudi market: an important aspect in the authentication process and quality assessment. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2018;26(7):932-942, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2018.04.013.
• Amalia F, Sosianika A, Suhartanto D. Indonesian millennials’ halal food purchasing: merely a habit? British Food Journal. 2020;122(4):1185-1198, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2019-0748.
• Antoun C, Zhang C, Conrad F, Schober M. Comparisons of online recruitment strategies for convenience samples. Field Methods. 2015;28(3):231-246, https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822x15603149.
• Aregawi H. Determinant factors influencing honey consumption trends in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. European Business Management. 2020;6(5):105, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ebm.20200605.11.
• Bagozzi R, Yi Y. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 1988;16(1):74-94, https://doi.org/10.1177/009207038801600107.
• Ballco P, Jaafer F, Magistris T. Investigating the price effects of honey quality attributes in a European country: evidence from a hedonic price approach. Agribusiness. 2022;38(4):885-904, https://doi.org/10.1002/agr.21760.
• Bashir A. Effect of halal awareness, halal logo and attitude on foreign consumers’ purchase intention. British Food Journal. 2019;121(9):1998-2015, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0011.
• Batt P, Liu A. Consumer behavior towards honey products in Western Australia. British Food Journal. 2012;114(2):285-297, https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701211202449.
• Bazzi A, Rabaan A, Al-Tawfiq J, Shannak B. Comparison of the effectiveness of Germania honey compared to manuka honey in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) killing. The Open Microbiology Journal. 2019;13(1):21-27, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010021.
• Bilici F. Tüketim Psikolojisi ve Pazarlama: Güncel Trendler. Bursa: Ekin Yayınevi; 2024.
• Blanc S, Zanchini R, Vita G, Brun F. The role of intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of honey for Italian millennial consumers. British Food Journal. 2021;123(6):2183-2198, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2020-0622.
• Bouranta N, Psomas E, Vouzas F. The effect of service recovery on customer loyalty: the role of perceived food safety. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences. 2019;11(1):69-86, https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-10-2017-0093.
• Boussaid A. Physicochemical and bioactive properties of six honey samples from various floral origins from Tunisia. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2018;11(2):265-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.08.011.
• Bölüktepe FE, Yılmaz S. Tüketicilerin bal satın alma davranış ve alışkanlıklarını etkileme sürecinde markanın önemini belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2006;6(4):135-142.
• Buba F, Gidado A, Shugaba A. Analysis of the biochemical composition of honey samples from north-east Nigeria. Biochemistry Analytical Biochemistry. 2012;2(3), https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1009.1000139.
• Buditjahjanto I. Analyzing factors of GUI simulation as learning media toward students' learning outcomes. Journal of Technology and Science Education. 2022;12(1):83, https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1317.
• Charumathi B, Thiagarajan M. Credit risk modeling for Indian debt securities using machine learning. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan. 2021;24:107-128, https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v24i0.1401.
• Chen M. Attitude toward organic foods among Taiwanese as related to health consciousness, environmental attitudes, and the mediating effects of a healthy lifestyle. British Food Journal. 2009;111(2):165-178, https://doi.org/10.1108/00070700910931986.
• Cheung GW, Cooper-Thomas HD, Lau RS, Wang LC. Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations. Asia Pacific Journal of Management. 2023:1-39.
• Chin W, Cheah J, Liu Y, Ting H, Lim X, Cham T. Demystifying the role of causal-predictive modeling using partial least squares structural equation modeling in information systems research. Industrial Management Data Systems. 2020;120(12):2161-2209, https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-10-2019-0529.
• Chitarrini G, Debiasi L, Stuffer M, Ueberegger E, Zehetner E, Jaeger H vd. Volatile profile of mead fermenting blossom honey and honeydew honey with or without Ribes nigrum. Molecules. 2020;25(8):1818, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081818.
• Choi M, Suh C, Choi SP, Lee CK, Son BC. Validation of the work engagement scale-3, used in the 5th Korean working conditions survey. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine. 2020;32.
• Ćirić M, Ignjatijević S, Cvijanović D. Research of honey consumers' behavior in the province of Vojvodina. Ekonomika Poljoprivrede. 2015;62(3):627-644, https://doi.org/10.5937/ekopolj1503627c.
• Civelek M. Essentials of structural equation modeling. 2018, https://doi.org/10.13014/k2sj1hr5.
• Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1988.
• Cosmina M, Gallenti G, Marangon F, Troiano S. Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers: a choice experiment approach. Appetite. 2016a;99:52-58, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.018.
• Cosmina M, Gallenti G, Marangon F, Troiano S. Reprint of "Attitudes towards honey among Italian consumers: a choice experiment approach". Appetite. 2016b;106:110-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.005.
• Dağdemir V, Akdemir G. Investigation of honey consumption preferences of consumers in Erzurum. Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2021;11(4):3172-3183, https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.948572.
• Dangi N, Narula S, Gupta S. Influences on purchase intentions of organic food consumers in an emerging economy. Journal of Asia Business Studies. 2020;14(5):599-620, https://doi.org/10.1108/jabs-12-2019-0364.
• Darsono N, Yahya A, Muzammil A, Musnadi S, Anwar C, Irawati W. Consumer actual purchase behavior for organic products in Aceh, Indonesia. 2019, https://doi.org/10.2991/agc-18.2019.43.
• Dülgeroğlu İ. Bal kalitesi ve bal satın alma ilişkisi. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2019;19(2):136-142.
• El-Sayed A, Unelius C, Suckling D. Honey norisoprenoids attract bumble bee, Bombus terrestris, in New Zealand mountain beech forests. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2018;66(50):13065-13072, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04175.
• Eryılmaz G, Kılıç O, Başer U. Determination of consumer behaviors on food safety: a case study in urban area of Samsun province. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2018;4(2):237-245, https://doi.org/10.28979/comufbed.474766.
• Etikan İ, Musa S, Alkassim R. Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics. 2016;5(1):1, https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11.
• Fan H, Wang J, Lu X, Fan S. Factors influencing food-waste behaviors at university canteens in Beijing, China: an investigation based on the theory of planned behavior. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering. 2022;0(0):0, https://doi.org/10.15302/j-fase-2022472.
• Farah M, Hasni M, Abbas A. Mobile-banking adoption: empirical evidence from the banking sector in Pakistan. The International Journal of Bank Marketing. 2018;36(7):1386-1413, https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2017-0215.
• Fatima Z, Zafar S, Batool T. Assessment of antibacterial potential of natural and commercial honey samples against wound isolates. International Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (Ijehsr). 2020;8(3):123-128, https://doi.org/10.29052/jehsr.v8.i3.2020.123-128.
• Fernandes R, Rosa I, Conti-Silva A. Honey from tiúba stingless bees (Melipona fasciculata) produced in different ecosystems: physical and sensory studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2020;100(9):3748-3754, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10415.
• Fiorda F, Pereira G, Soccol V, Rakshit S, Soccol C. Evaluation of a potentially probiotic non-dairy beverage developed with honey and kefir grains: fermentation kinetics and storage study. Food Science and Technology International. 2016;22(8):732-742, https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013216646491.
• Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research. 1981;18(1):39-50, https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104.
• Gámbaro A, Ares G, Giménez A, Pahor S. Preference mapping of color of Uruguayan honeys. Journal of Sensory Studies. 2007;22(5):507-519, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459x.2007.00125.x.
• Genevie E, Fatimah U, Samuel L, Nuzul N. The moderating effects of gender and education level on safe food handling intention among consumers in Sibu, Malaysia: based on the theory of planned behavior. Food Research. 2019;4(2):366-374, https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(2).299.
• Ghorbani M, Khajehroshanaee N. The Study of Qualitative Factors Influencing on Honey Consumers Demand: Application of Hedonic Pricing Model in Khorasan Razavi Province. J. Appl. Sci. 2009, 9, 1597–1600.
• Godin G. and Kok G. The theory of planned behavior: a review of its applications to health-related behaviors. American Journal of Health Promotion. 1996;11(2):87-98, https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-11.2.87
• Gotlieb J, Grewal D, Brown S. Consumer satisfaction and perceived quality: complementary or divergent constructs? Journal of Applied Psychology. 1994;79(6):875-885, https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.6.875.
• Gür D, Erdem Ş. Tüketicilerin organik gıda ürünlerine yönelik satın alma niyetini ve satın alma davranışını etkileyen faktörler: İstanbul ili üzerine bir araştırma. Journal of Research in Business. 2023;8(1):114-152, doi: 10.54452/jrb.1178949.
• Haider S, Zubair M, Tehseen S, Iqbal S, Sohail M. How does ambidextrous leadership promote innovation in project-based construction companies? Through mediating role of knowledge-sharing and moderating role of innovativeness. European Journal of Innovation Management. 2021;26(1):99-118, https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2021-0083.
• Hair JF, Hult G.T.M, Ringle C.M, Sarstedt M. A Primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2017.
• Hair JF, Risher J, Sarstedt M, Ringle C. When to use and how to report the results of pls-sem. European Business Review. 2019;31(1):2-24, https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-11-2018-0203.
• Halagarda M, Groth S, Popek S, Rohn S, Pedan V. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of selected organic and conventional honeys from Poland. Antioxidants. 2020;9(1):44, https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010044.
• Hansen T. Perspectives on consumer decision making: an integrated approach. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2005;4(6):420-437, https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.33.
• Hauser M, Nußbeck F, Jonas K. The impact of food‐related values on food purchase behavior and the mediating role of attitudes: a Swiss study. Psychology and Marketing. 2013;30(9):765-778, https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20644.
• Hawari K, Iskandarani M, Jaber F, Ezzeddine R, Ziller L, Perini M. vd. Evaluation of honey authenticity in Lebanon by analysis of carbon stable isotope ratio using elemental analyzer and liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2021;56(6), https://doi.org/10.1002/jms.4730.
• Helly H, Haryanto B, Didik S. Antecedents of on purchase intention of foreign products, mediating role of attitude, and the moderating role of ethnocentrism. International Journal of Economics and Business Issues. 2022;1(1):14-27, https://doi.org/10.59092/ijebi.vol1.iss1.7.
• Henseler J, Hubona G, Ray P. Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 2016;116(1):2-20, https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2015-0382.
• Henseler J, Ringle C, Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 2014;43(1):115-135, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
• Henseler J, Ringle C, Sinkovics R. The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. 2009:277-319, https://doi.org/10.1108/s1474-7979(2009)0000020014.
• Henseler J. Partial least squares path modeling. Advanced methods for modeling markets. 2017:361-381.
• Hooker NH, Caswell JA. Regulatory Targets and Regimes for Safety: A Comparison of North American and European Approaches. In The Economics of Reducing Health Risk from Food; Caswell, J, Ed.; Food Marketing Policy Center: Storrs, CT, USA, 1996; pp. 1–17.
• Husain N, Muda W, Jamil N, Hanafi N, Rahman R. Effect of food safety training on food handlers’ knowledge and practices. British Food Journal. 2016;118(4):795-808, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2015-0294.
• Hussain S, Shujahat M, Malik M, Iqbal S, Nawaz F. Contradictory results on the mediating roles of two dimensions of trust between transformational leadership and employee outcomes. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance. 2017;5(1):39-63, https://doi.org/10.1108/joepp-11-2016-0063.
• Iranmanesh M, Mirzaei M, Hosseini S, Zailani S. Muslims’ willingness to pay for certified halal food: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 2019;11(1):14-30, https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-03-2018-0049.
• Ismaiel S, Kahtani S, Adgaba N, Alghamdi A, Zulail A. Factors that affect consumption patterns and market demands for honey in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2014;05(17):1725-1737, https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2014.517186.
• Istiasih H. Ethics of halal and thayyib food consumption behavior: the era of post-pandemic COVID-19. International Journal of Research and Review. 2022;9(11):437-450, https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221160.
• Julia S, Duarte N, Araujo A, Ribeiro L, Corrêa E. Brazilian honey and its therapeutic properties. 2023, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106413.
• Kam H, Mattson T, Kim D. The “right” recipes for security culture: a competing values model perspective. Information Technology and People. 2020;34(5):1490-1512, https://doi.org/10.1108/itp-08-2019-0438.
• Karahan Ş. and Özbakır G. Güneydoğu Anadolu’da arıcılık faaliyetlerinin ve bal tüketim alışkanlıklarının belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;7(4):1148-1158, https://doi.org/10.30910/turkjans.775427.
• Khan S, Anjum S, Rahman K, Ansari M, Khan W, Kamal S. vd. Honey: single foodstuff comprises many drugs. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2018;25(2):320-325, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.08.004
• Kleisiari C, Kleftodimos G, Vlontzos G. Be(e)ha(i)viour(e): assessment of honey consumption in Europe. British Food Journal. 2022;125(4):1374-1389, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2021-1300.
• Kocsis M, Bodó A, Gaál K, Farkas Á. Summer gifts from the hive: botanical origin, antioxidant capacity, and mineral content of Hungarian honeys. 2023, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108175.
• Kozup J, Creyer E, Burton S. Making healthful food choices: the influence of health claims and nutrition information on consumers’ evaluations of packaged food products and restaurant menu items. Journal of Marketing. 2003;67(2):19-34, https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.67.2.19.18608.
• Kusdiyanto K, Saputro E, Sholahuddin M, Mabruroh M, M.Si. Z, Murwanti S.vd. Identification of intention to buy healthy food. International Journal of Business Economics & Management. 2022;5(1):32-41, https://doi.org/10.21744/ijbem.v5n1.1867.
• Laroche M, Bergeron J, Barbaro‐Forleo G. Targeting consumers who are willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. Journal of Consumer Marketing. 2001;18(6):503-520, https://doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006155.
• Lasanthika C, Wanigasuriya K, Hettiaratchi U, Amarasekara T, Goonewardena S. Psychometric properties and hidden dimensionality of the Sinhala version of end-stage renal disease adherence questionnaire (SINESRD-AQ) among patients receiving hemodialysis in a selected hospital in Sri Lanka. 2022, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077695/v2.
• LeAnh T, Nguyen T. Consumer purchasing behaviour of organic food in an emerging market. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 2020;44(6):563-573, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12588.
• Legate A, Hair J, Chretien J, Risher J. pls‐sem: prediction‐oriented solutions for HRD researchers. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2021;34(1):91-109, https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21466.
• Lu J, Carter D, Turnbull L, Rosendale D, Hedderley D, Stephens J.vd. The effect of New Zealand kanuka, manuka and clover honeys on bacterial growth dynamics and cellular morphology varies according to the species. Plos One. 2013;8(2):e55898, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0055898.
• Madenci A, Bayramoğlu Z, Türker S, Ağızan K, Eyiz V. Determination of consumer’s willingness to pay for halal food. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2020;17(3):346-356, https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.681421.
• Mandal M, Mandal S. Honey: its medicinal property and antibacterial activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2011;1(2):154-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60016-6.
• Marangoz M, Tayçu Dolu Z. Tüketicilerin arı ürünlerine ilişkin bilgi̇ ve güven düzeyleri̇ ile satın alma davranışlarının araştırılması. Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi. 2019;19(2):110-125, https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.537602.
• Margariti K. “White” space and organic claims on food packaging: communicating sustainability values and affecting young adults’ attitudes and purchase intentions. Sustainability. 2021;13(19):11101, https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911101.
• Marmaya N, Zakaria Z, Desa M. Gen y consumers' intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia: a pls-sem approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing. 2019;10(3):1003-1014, https://doi.org/10.1108/jima-08-2018-0136.
• Martinelli E, Canio F. Non-vegan consumers buying vegan food: the moderating role of conformity. British Food Journal. 2021;124(1):14-30, https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2021-0023.
• Miłek M, Bocian A, Kleczyńska E, Sowa P, Dżugan M. The comparison of physicochemical parameters, antioxidant activity and proteins for the raw local Polish honeys and imported honey blends. Molecules. 2021;26(9):2423, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092423.
• Mir B, Mushtaq A, Rizwan S, Bashir F, Jabeen U, Behlil F.vd. Comparison of antioxidant enzymes in natural and commercial honey. Pak-Euro Journal of Medical and Life Sciences. 2022;5(1):31-38, https://doi.org/10.31580/pjmls.v5i1.2422.
• Molanaei A, Seyedoshohadaei S, Hasani S, Sharifi P, Rashidian M, Taherpour vd. Evaluation of the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs to natural honey. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020:56-64, https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v15i1.6705.
• Neto W, Paiva R, Novais J. "Honey is good for health": patterns of honey purchasing and consumption in lower Amazon. CBR- Consumer Behavior Review. 2020;4(3):324, https://doi.org/10.51359/2526-7884.2020.247470.
• Nguyen H, Kasapis S, Mantri N. Physicochemical properties and effects of honeys on key biomarkers of oxidative stress and cholesterol homeostasis in HepG2 cells. Nutrients. 2021;13(1):151, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010151.
• Niyaz ÖC, Demirbaş N. Arı ürünleri tüketicilerinin genel özellikleri ve tüketim tercihleri: Çanakkale ili örneği. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi. 2017;23(2):255-262.
• Novitasari D, Chidir G, Sutardi D, Iskandar J, Pebrina E. The role of halal awareness on purchase intention of halal food: evidence from Indonesian working students. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (Ijsms). 2021:31-44, https://doi.org/10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v4i1p104.
• Nursahid I. Mufriantie F. Sweetening the deal: investigating the impact of product quality and price on honey purchase behavior at PT Kembang Joyo Sriwijaya, Malang. Agriecobis Journal of Agricultural Socioeconomics and Business. 2023;6(01):65-73, https://doi.org/10.22219/agriecobis.v6i01.25046.
• Nuryanto I, Indriyani F. The behavior of purchasing domestic herbal products among Indonesians during the COVID-19 era. 2020, https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210311.056.
• Odabaş E. Organik Bal ve Doğal Bal Arasında Nasıl Bir Fark Vardır? https://www.organikbal.com/blog/organik-bal-ve-dogal-bal-arasinda-nasil-bir-fark-vardir.html, 2018. (Erişim tarihi: 23.01.2024).
• Oemar H, Prasetyaningsih E, Bakar S, Djamaludin D, Septiani A. Awareness and intention to register halal certification of micro and small-scale food enterprises. F1000research. 2023; 11:170, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.75968.3.
• Onurlubaş, E. Marka değeri boyutlarının marka bağlılığı ve satın alma niyeti üzerine etkisi: X marka beyaz eşya kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Electronic Turkish Studies. 2018;13(30):273-302.
• Oostenbach L, Slits E, Robinson E, Sacks G. Systematic review of the impact of nutrition claims related to fat, sugar, and energy content on food choices and energy intake. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7622-3.
• Özdemir E, Kılıç S, Çakırer MA. Satış promosyonları ve kredi kartı kullanımının tüketicilerin plansız satın alma ve satın alma sonrası pişmanlık davranışı üzerindeki etkileri. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2019;11(4):2528-2545, https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2019.756.
• Park H, Smith S. Distinctiveness and influence of subjective norms, personal descriptive and injunctive norms, and societal descriptive and injunctive norms on behavioral intent: a case of two behaviors critical to organ donation. Human Communication Research. 2007;33(2):194-218, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00296.x.
• Peng C, Liang X, Guo S, Qian Y. Study on willingness to pay and impact mechanism of gutter oil treatment: taking urban residents in Sichuan province as an example. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.711218.
• Penn J, Petrolia D, Fannin J. Hypothetical bias mitigation in representative and convenience samples. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy. 2023;45(2):721-743, https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13374.
• Petrovici D, Fearne A, Nayga R, Drolias D. Nutritional knowledge, nutritional labels, and health claims on food. British Food Journal. 2012;114(6):768-783, https://doi.org/10.1108/00070701211234318.
• Piochi M, Fontefrancesco M, Torri L. Understanding Italian consumers' perception of safety in animal food products. Foods. 2022;11(22):3739, https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11223739.
• Plasek B, Lakner Z, Temesi Á. Factors that influence the perceived healthiness of food—review. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1881, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061881.
• Pocol C, Šedík P, Glogovețan A, Brumă I. Traceability issues of honey from the consumers' perspective in Romania. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review. 2022;25(5):709-722, https://doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2021.0145.
• Pocol C. and Bolboacă S. Perceptions and trends related to the consumption of honey: a case study of north‐west Romania. International Journal of Consumer Studies. 2013;37(6):642-649, https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12046.
• Polak-Śliwińska M, Tańska M. Conventional and organic honeys as a source of water- and ethanol-soluble molecules with nutritional and antioxidant characteristics. Molecules. 2021;26(12):3746, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123746.
• Popovic I, Bossink B, Sijde P, Fong C. Why are consumers willing to pay more for liquid foods in environmentally friendly packaging? A dual attitudes perspective. Sustainability. 2020;12(7):2812, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072812.
• Rajindran N, Wahab R, Huda N, Julmohammad N, Shariff A, Ismail N vd. Physicochemical properties of a new green honey from Banggi Island, Sabah. Molecules. 2022;27(13):4164, doi:10.3390/molecules27134164.
• Razzaghian M, Shah A. An assessment of the predictors and consequences of workaholism using hierarchical models. Business Economic Review. 2018;10(4):1-26, doi:10.22547/ber/10.4.1.
• Rigdon E, Hoyle R. Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues, and applications. Journal of Marketing Research. 1997;34(3):412, doi:10.2307/3151904.
• Riskos K, Dekoulou P, Mylonas N, Tsourvakas G. Ecolabels and the attitude–behavior relationship towards green product purchase: a multiple mediation model. Sustainability. 2021;13(12):6867, doi:10.3390/su13126867.
• Roberts K, Sauer K, Paez P, Alcorn M. Use of the theory of planned behavior to determine food safety behavioral intentions among child nutrition employees. Food Protection Trends. 2020;40(6):424, doi:10.4315/1541-9576-40.6.424.
• Russo D, Stol K. Pls-sem for software engineering research. Acm Computing Surveys. 2021;54(4):1-38, doi:10.1145/3447580.
• Saeed A, Rasheed F, Waseem M, Tabash M. Green human resource management and environmental performance: the role of green supply chain management practices. Benchmarking an International Journal. 2021;29(9):2881-2899, doi:10.1108/bij-05-2021-0297.
• Sayuti Y, Ahmad A, Ariffin A, Nazrin N, Silahudeen T. Food safety knowledge, attitude and practices among management and science university students, Shah Alam. Management Science Letters. 2020:929-936, doi:10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.002.
• Šedík P, Predanócyová K, Horská E, Kačániová M. The antimicrobial activity of polyfloral honey and its awareness among urban consumers in Slovakia. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences. 2021;15:467-474, doi:10.5219/1621.
• Seo H, Lee S, Nam S. Factors influencing fast food consumption behaviors of middle-school students in Seoul: an application of theory of planned behaviors. Nutrition Research and Practice. 2011;5(2):169, doi:10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.169.
• Shiau W, Sarstedt M, Hair J. Internet research using partial least squares structural equation modeling (pls-sem). Internet Research. 2019;29(3):398-406, doi:10.1108/intr-10-2018-0447.
• Siahaan A, Thiodore J. Analysis Influence of Consumer Behavior to Purchase Organic Foods in Jakarta. In: 6th International Conference of Food, Agriculture, and Natural Resource (IC-FANRES 2021). Atlantis Press, 2022;57-65, doi:10.2991/absr.k.220101.009.
• Sivo S A. How low should you go? Low response rates and the validity of inference in IS questionnaire research. Journal of the association for information systems. 2006;7.1:17.
• Song D, Bai Y, Wu H, Wang X. How does the perceived green human resource management impact employee’s green innovative behavior? —from the perspective of theory of planned behavior. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;13, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1106494.
• Song Y, Qin Z, Qi Y. The impact of eco-label on the young Chinese generation: the mediation role of environmental awareness and product attributes in green purchase. Sustainability. 2019;11(4):973, doi:10.3390/su11040973.
• Steinmetz H, Knappstein M, Ajzen I, Schmidt P, Kabst R. How effective are behavior change interventions based on the theory of planned behavior? Zeitschrift Für Psychologie. 2016;224(3):216-233, doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000255.
• Sun J, Liu C, Bo Y, Shi J, Wang P, Zhang J vd. Evaluation of a food safety education on knowledge, attitude, and practice among 1300 college students of Henan province, China. 2016, doi:10.2991/mse-15.2016.64.
• Sutanto I, Wulandari R. The effect of price perception and product quality on consumer purchase interest with attitude and perceived behavior control as an intervention study on environmentally friendly food packaging (foopak). International Journal of Science and Management Studies (Ijsms). 2023:85-99, doi:10.51386/25815946/ijsms-v6i1p106.
• Swaen V, Chumpitaz RC. Impact of corporate social responsibility on consumer trust. Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition). 2008;23(4):7-34, doi:10.1177/205157070802300402.
• Szakály Z, Sándor K, Pető K, Huszka P, Kiss M. A modified model of the willingness to pay for functional foods. Appetite. 2019;138:94-101, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.020.
• Tafa K, Sundramurthy V, Natesan S. Rheological and thermal properties of honey produced in Algeria and Ethiopia: a review. International Journal of Food Properties. 2021;24(1):1117-1131, doi:10.1080/10942912.2021.1953525.
• Tan K, Liu Y, Ye Q. A gendered discourse on truthful disclosure of financial fraud practices among accountants in China: implications to corporate governance. Accounting Research Journal. 2023;36(2/3):230-250, doi:10.1108/arj-07-2022-0160.
• Temizkan V. A research on the attitude and purchasing behavior of Muslim consumers towards products with halal logo in another Muslim country. Sosyal Mucit Academic Review. 2022;3(1):123-147, doi:10.54733/smar.1108447.
• Testa R, Asciuto A, Schifani G, Schimmenti E, Migliore G. Quality determinants and effect of therapeutic properties in honey consumption. An exploratory study on Italian consumers. Agriculture. 2019;9(8):174, doi:10.3390/agriculture9080174.
• Thomas L, McIntosh W. “it just tastes better when it's in season”: understanding why locavores eat close to home. Journal of Hunger Environmental Nutrition. 2013;8(1):61-72, doi:10.1080/19320248.2012.761572.
• Tran V, Nguyen N. Organic food consumption among households in Hanoi: importance of situational factors. Sustainability. 2021;13(22):12496, doi:10.3390/su132212496.
• Trivedi R, Patel J, Acharya N. Causality analysis of media influence on environmental attitude, intention and behaviors leading to green purchasing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 196:11-22. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.024.
• Tunca Rİ, Taşkın, A, Karadavut, U. Türkiye’de arı ürünlerinin bazı illerdeki tüketim alışkanlıklarının ve farkındalık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2015;3(7):556-561.
• Vakili Y, Ghanbari N, Nooripour R, Ilanloo H, Matacotta J, Mansournia M. Validity of the Snyder's adult hope scale (ahs) among Iranian women with breast cancer. Archives of Breast Cancer. 2022:96-103, doi:10.32768/abc.20229196-103.
• Vapa-Tankosić J, Ignjatijević S, Kiurski J, Milenković J, Milojević I. Analysis of consumers' willingness to pay for organic and local honey in Serbia. Sustainability. 2020;12(11):4686, doi:10.3390/su12114686
• Verma V, Udayakumar A, Pandhi S, Kumar A, Paswan V. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics of pauttika honey procured from Uttar Pradesh, India. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal. 2020;570-583, doi:10.12944/crnfsj.8.2.23.
• Wang E. Effect of food service-brand equity on consumer-perceived food value, physical risk, and brand preference. British Food Journal. 2015;117(2):553-564, doi:10.1108/bfj-09-2013-0260
• Wang L, Wang J, Huo X. Consumer's willingness to pay a premium for organic fruits in China: a double-hurdle analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(1):126, doi:10.3390/ijerph16010126.
• Wieseke J, Alavi S, Habel J. Willing to Pay More, Eager to Pay Less: The Role of Customer Loyalty in Price Negotiations. Journal of Marketing. 2014;78(6):17-37, https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.13.0104
• Williams PR, Hammitt JK. Perceived risks of conventional and organic produce: pesticides, pathogens, and natural toxins. Risk Analysis. 2001;21(2):319-330.
• Yan S, Wang X, Wu Y, Wang K, Shan J, Xue X. A metabolomics approach revealed an Amadori compound distinguishes artificially heated and naturally matured acacia honey. Food Chemistry. 2022; 385:132631.
• Yang S, Su Y, Wang W, Hua K. Research on developers’ green procurement behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Sustainability. 2019;11(10):2949.
• Yap SK, Chin NL. Kinetic modeling on quality parameters of raw Kelulut honey during dehydration process. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 2020;43(6):e13392.
• Yaraş E. Tüketicilerin fiyat algılamalarına yönelik bir araştırma. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2008;8(15):281-300.
• Zarei M, Fazlara A, Tulabifard N. Effect of thermal treatment on physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honey. Heliyon. 2019;5(6).
• Zhao K. Sample representation in the social sciences. Synthese. 2021;10:9097-9115.
• Zhao Q, Chen CD, Wang JL. The effects of psychological ownership and TAM on social media loyalty: An integrated model. Telematics and Informatics. 2016;33(4):959-972.
• Zhu Y. Using the theory of planned behavior to investigate what influences Chinese intention to purchase organic food. China-USA Business Review. 2018;17(6):324-333.