The mediating role of social media addiction between school burnout and the perception of loneliness: In a sample of university students

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8, 317 - 336, 01.04.2023

Orhan Kaya Şeyma Kaya Muhammed Emin Soydan

Öz

The aim of the research; To examine the relationships between school burnout, social media addictions and loneliness perceptions of university students in Turkey. While the dependent variable of the study is the perception of loneliness, the independent variables are school burnout and social media addiction. For the realization of the aims of the study; Attitudes of university students were measured by demographic information form, UCLA loneliness scale, Bergen social media addiction scale and Maslach burnout inventory-student form. The universe of this study consists of students studying at universities. In the study, data were collected randomly by easy sampling method. Participants consisted of a total of 351 individuals, 151 (43%) women and 200 (57%) men. Data were analyzed with Pearson product moment correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. After the analyses, positive and significant correlations were observed between all the variables. In addition, it was concluded that social media addiction mediated between school burnout and loneliness. The results are discussed in the light of the relevant literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

School burnout, social media, loneliness, addiction

Üniversite öğrencileri örnekleminde; okul tükenmişliği ile yalnızlık algısı arasında sosyal medya bağımlılığının aracı rolü

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’de öğrenim gören üniversite öğrencilerinin okul tükenmişlikleri, sosyal medya bağımlılıkları ve yalnızlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelemektir. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkeni okul tükenmişlik düzeyi iken bağımsız değişkenleri yalnızlık düzeyi ve sosyal medya bağımlılığıdır. Çalışmanın amaçlarının gerçekleştirilmesi için; demografik bilgi formu, UCLA yalnızlık ölçeği, Bergen sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeği ve Maslach tükenmişlik envanteri-öğrenci formu aracılığı ile üniversite öğrencilerinin tutumları ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın evrenini üniversitelerde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veriler kolay örneklem yöntemi ile rastgele toplanmıştır. Katılımcılar 151(% 43) kadın, 200 (% 57) erkek olmak üzere toplam 351bireyden oluşmaktadır. Veriler Pearson moment çarpım korelasyonu, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonrasında bütün değişkenler arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı korelatif ilişkiler gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca okul tükenmişliği ile yalnızlık arasında sosyal medya bağımlılığının aracılık ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuçlar ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

okul tükenmişliği, sosyal medya, yalnızlık, bağımlılık

Kaynakça

• Augner, C., ve Hacker, G. W. (2012). Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. International Journal of Public Health, 57(2), 437-441. https://doi:10.1007/s00038-011-0234-z.
• Barry, C. T., Lui, J., Lee-Rowland, L. M., ve Moran, E. V. (2017). Adolescent communal narcissism and peer perceptions. Journal of Personality, 85(6), 782-792. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12287
• Berryman, C., Ferguson, C. J., ve Negy, C. (2018). Social media use and mental health among young adults. Psychiatric quarterly, 89, 307-314.
• Boumosleh, J., ve Jaalouk, D. (2018). Smartphone addiction among university students and its relationship with academic performance. Global Journal of Health Science, 10(1), 10-5539.
• Brubaker, J. R., ve Beverly, E. A. (2020). Burnout, perceived stress, sleep quality, and smartphone use: A survey of osteopathic medical students. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 120(1), 6.
• Bryant, A. (2018). The effect of social media on the physical, social emotional, and cognitive development of adolescents. Honors Senior Capstone Projects. 37, 1-29. https://scholarworks.merrimack.edu/honors_capstones/37/
• Çapri, B., Gündüz, B. ve Gökçakan, Z. (2011). Student form of the Maslach burnout inventory Turkish adaptation: Validity and reliability study. The Journal of Çukurova University Education Faculty, 40 (1),134-147.
• Carbonell, X., Chamarro, A., Oberst, U., Rodrigo, B., ve Prades, M. (2018). Problematic use of the internet and smartphones in university students: 2006–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3), 475.
• Cha, S. S., ve Seo, B. K. (2018). Smartphone use and smartphone addiction in middle school students in Korea: Prevalence, social networking service, and game use. Health Psychology Open,5 (1).
• Chaudhury, P., ve Tripathy, H. K. (2018). A study on impact of smartphone addiction on academic performance. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.6), 50-53.
• Chen, L., Yan, Z., Tang, W., Yang, F., Xie, X., ve He, J. (2016). Mobile phone addiction levels and negative emotions among Chinese young adults: The mediating role of interpersonal problems. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 856-866.
• Demirci, İ. (2019). Bergen sosyal medya bağımlılığı ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması, depresyon ve anksiyete belirtileriyle ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry/Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20.
• Doğan, T., Çötok, N. A., ve Tekin, E. G. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the UCLA loneliness scale (ULS-8) among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2058-2062.
• Dror, Y., ve Gershon, S. (2012). Israelis in the digital age. RishonLezion: The College of Management. https://www.isoc.org.il/sts-data/10702,
• Dündar, B. B. (2018). Lise öğrencilerinde sınav kaygısı, aile tutumu ve gelecek beklentisinin okul tükenmişliği ile ilişkisi [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Üsküdar Üniversitesi.
• Goodyear, V. A., ve Armour, K. M. (2019). Young people, social media and health (p. 232). Taylor & Francis.
• Gündoğmuş, G. (2017). Yalnızlık düzeyinin yordanmasında anne baba tutumları ve okul tükenmişliği [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
• Hellstedt, J. C. (1990). Early adolescent perceptions of parental pressure in the sport environment. Journal of sport behavior, 13(3), 135.
• Hu, M. (2009). Will online chat help alleviate mood loneliness? CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 219-223. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0134
• Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., ve Young, J. (2018). No More FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2018.37.10.751
• Junco, R. (2012). Too much face and not enough books: The relationship between multiple indices of Facebook use and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 28 (1), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.08.026
• Kapıkıran, Ş., Yaşar, M., ve Kapıkıran, N. A. (2016). Benlik saygısı ve okul tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide öz düzenlemenin doğrudan ve dolaylı rolü. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 6(45), 51-64. Kates, A. W., Wu, H., ve Coryn, C. L. (2018). The effects of mobile phone use on academic performance: A meta-analysis. Computers & Education, 127, 107-112.
• Kiuru, N., Nurmi, J.-E., Aunola, K., ve Salmela-Aro, K. (2009). Peer group homogeneity in adolescents’ school adjustment varies according to peer group type and gender. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025408098014
• Kunkel, R. C., Thompson, J. C., ve McElhinney, J. H. (1973). School-related alienation: Perceptions of secondary school students. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 074 092)
• Kuss Daria J ve Griffiths Mark D. “Social Networking Sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2017, Cilt:3, Sayı:14, p. 311.
• Lee, A. R., Son, S.-M., ve Kim, K. K. (2016). Information and communication technology overload and social networking service fatigue: A stress perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 55(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb. 2015.08.011.
• Lepp, A., Barkley, J. E., ve Karpinski, A. C. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 343-350.
• Longstreet, P., ve Brooks, S. (2017). Life satisfaction: A key to managing internet & social media addiction. Technology in Society, 50, 73-77.
• Mahapatra, S. (2019). Smartphone addiction and associated consequences: Role of loneliness and self regulation. Behaviour & Information Technology, 38 (8), 833-844.
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B., ve Leiter, M.P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397–422.
• McGahoon, A. (2015). Smartphones and social media: A modern addiction. https://www.slideshare.net/AoifeMcGahon/smartphones-and-social-media-us-pdf-43961756 accessed on 01.04.2020.
• Olcay, S. (2018). Sosyalleşmenin dijitalleşmesi olarak sosyal medya ve resimler arasinda kaybolma bozukluğu: photolurking. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 2(2), 90-104.
• Paula, K., Zengİn, S., ve Kizilgeçit, M. (2011). Yalnizlik hissi: Teorik yaklaşimlar. Dinbilimleri Journal, 11(3).
• Peplau LA, Perlman D. (1982) Perspectives on loneli-ness. LA Peplau, D Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy, New York, Wiley-Interscience.
• Pittman, M., ve Reich, B. (2016). Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 155-167.
• Pokhrel, N. B., Khadayat, R., ve Tulachan, P. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1),18.
• Rabiu, H., Muhammed, A. I., Umaru, Y., ve Ahmed, H. T. (2016). Impact of mobile phone usage on academic performance among secondary school students in Taraba State, Nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 12 (1).
• Salmela-Aro, K., Kiuru, N., Leskinen, E., ve Nurmi, J. E. (2009). School burnout inventory (SBI) reliability and validity. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 25 (1), 48-57.
• Salmela-Aro, K., Savolainen, H., & Holopainen, L. (2009). Depressive symptoms and school burnout during adolescence: Evidence from two cross-lagged longitudinal studies. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1316-1327.
• Salmela-Aro, K., Upadyaya, K., Hakkarainen, K., Lonka, K., ve Alho, K. (2017). The dark side of internet use: Two longitudinal studies of excessive internet use, depressive symptoms, school burnout and engagement among Finnish early and late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 46 (2), 343-357.
• Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., ve Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33, 464-481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
• Soni, A., Upadhyay, R., ve Jain, A. (2017). Internet of things and wireless physical layer security: A survey. In computer communication, networking and internet security (pp. 115-123). Springer, Singapore.
• Tekin, Ö. A. (2012). Yabancılaşma ve beş faktör kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler: Antalya Kemer’deki beş yıldızlı otel işletmeleri çalışanları üzerinde bir uygulama. (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Antalya.
• Tomaszek, K., ve Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2019). Sex Differences in the relationship between student school burnout and problematic internet use among adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (21), 4107, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214107
• Tomaszek, K., ve Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2020). Examining the Relationship between Student School Burnout and Problematic Internet Use. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 20(2), 16-31.
• Utz, S., ve Beukeboom, C. J. (2011). The role of social network sites in romantic relationships: Effects on jealousy and relationship happiness. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 16(4), 511-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2011.01552.x
• Walsh, S. P., K. M. White, ve R. M. Young. 2010. Needing to connect: The impact of self and others on young people’s involvement with their mobile phone. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62(4), 194-203.
• Yavich, R., Davidovitch, N., ve Frenkel, Z. (2019). Social Media and Loneliness--Forever Connected? Higher Education Studies, 9(2), 10-21.