D Vitamininin Sağlık Etkileri, Takviyesi ve D Vitamini Enkapsüle Edilmiş Nanoemülsiyon Formülasyonları

Öz

D vitamini yağda eriyen bir vitamin olarak doğada D2 ve D3 formlarında bulunur. D2 vitamini (ergokalsiferol) bitkisel kaynaklı olup UV ışınları ile ergosterolden sentezlenir. D3 vitamini (kolekalsiferol) hayvansal kaynaklı olup, en fazla çipura, palamut gibi su ürünlerinde bulunmaktadır. VitD safra tuzları yardımıyla ince bağırsaktan emilir. Lipoprotein içerisinde bulunan şilomikronlar ile lenf yoluyla taşınır. Karaciğerde bulunan reseptör aracılı yol ile şilomikronlar emilir. Alınan D vitamininin neredeyse tamamı emilmektedir. Fakat çok az gıdada bulunduğu için günlük alınması gereken miktarı karşılamak güçtür. D vitaminin asıl kaynağı güneştir. İnsan deri epidermal hücrelerinde bulunan 7-dehidrokolesterol; dalga boyu 290-315 olan UV ışınlarından D3 vitamini sentezler. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması 2019 Raporu’na göre; Türkiye’de 15 yaş üzeri erkekler günlük D vitamini alımının %23,7’sini, 15 yaş üzeri kadınlar ise %16,9’unu karşılayabilmektedir. VitD eksikliğinin raşitizm, osteoporoz, obezite, mineral ve hormon homeostazında bozuklu, depresyon gibi birçok hastalıkla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Oldukça yaygın görülmeye başlayan VitD eksikliğine bağlı olarak; VitD’nin çeşitli hastalıklar ile ilişkisi ve iyileşme sürecine faydaları da halen araştırma konusu olmaktadır. Nanoemülsiyonlar (NE), birbiri içinde karışmayan iki sıvıdan ve sıvılardan birinin çapının 100 nm’den küçük, boyutları 20-200 nm olan damlacıklar olarak dağıldığı koloidal yapıda kararsız dispersiyonlardır. Bu dispansiyonlar gıda endüstrisinde gıdaların fonksiyonelliğini, kalitesini, raf ömrünü artırmak amacıyla kaplama olarak kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca gıdalarda renklendirici, aroma verici, antimikrobiyal ve nutrasötik olarak da kullanımları mevcuttur. D vitamini eksikliği giderilmesinde doğrudan takviyeler ve mikro/nanoemülsiyonlara enkapsüle edilmiş D vitaminlerinin alımı önemli rol oynamakta, bu alanda çalışmalar hızla devam etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• D vitamini
• kolekalsiferol
• sağlık
• raşitizm
• osteoporoz
• nanoemülsiyon

Health Effects of Vitamin D, Its Supplementation and Vitamin D Encapsulated Nanoemulsion Formulations

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin. It exists in nature in two forms, D3 and D2. Vitamin D2 is herbal and is synthesized from ergosterol by UV rays. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is mostly found in seafood such as sea bream and bonito. VitD is absorbed from the small intestine with the help of bile salts. It is transported through lymph by chylomicrons contained in lipoprotein. Chylomicrons are absorbed through the receptor-mediated pathway in the liver. Almost all of the vitamin D taken is absorbed. However, since it is found in very few foods, it is difficult to meet the daily amount required. The main source of vitamin D is the sun. 7-dehydrocholesterol found in human skin epidermal cells; It synthesizes vitamin D3 from UV rays with a wavelength of 290-315. According to the Türkiye Nutrition and Health Research 2019 Report; In Turkey, men over the age of 15 can meet 23.7% of their daily vitamin D intake, and women over the age of 15 can meet 16.9%. It is known that VitD deficiency is associated with many diseases such as rickets, osteoporosis, obesity, mineral and hormone homeostasis disorders, and depression. Due to VitD deficiency, which has become quite common; The relationship of VitD with various diseases and its benefits to the healing process are still the subject of research.

Keywords

• Vitamin D
• cholecalciferol
• health
• rickets
• osteoporosis
• nanoemulsion

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