Malta’daki Göçmenlerin Sosyal İletişim Ağları: Bourdieu’nün Teorik Çerçevesi Bağlamında Bir Analiz

Öz

Avrupa Birliği'nin en küçük ülkelerinden biri olan Malta’nın nüfusu son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır ve göçmen nüfusu toplam nüfusun dörtte birini oluşturmaktadır. Ada ülkesinin sınırlı fiziksel alanı ve yüksek göç oranı, farklı gruplar arasındaki günlük karşılaşmaları artırmakta ve sosyal hareketlilik ve iletişim ağlarının doğrudan gözlemlenmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu araştırma, Bourdieu’nun sermaye teorisi ve yarık habitus kavramından yararlanarak göçmenlerin sosyal hareketliliği ile sosyal iletişim ağlarının oluşumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Araştırma kapsamında otuz beş göçmenle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış; 2023-2025 yılları arasında katılımcı gözlem yoluyla veri toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler tematik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, göçmenlerin sermayesinin, göç sonrası bağlamda sosyal iletişimde nasıl tanındığı veya dönüştürüldüğünün belirleyici rolüne dikkat çekmektedir. Çalışma, vatandaşlık ülkesi ve ikamet süresi gibi faktörlerin sosyal hareketlilik ve sosyal iletişim süreçleriyle ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle aşağı doğru sosyal hareketlilik yaşayan AB dışı göçmenlerin sosyal ağlarının daraldığı ve bu durumun yapısal eşitsizlikleri pekiştirdiği gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, dil yeterliliğinin tek başına kapsayıcı sosyal iletişimi teşvik etmek için yeterli olmadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bourdieu
• göç
• toplumsal iletişim
• sosyal hareketlilik
• malta

Social Communication Networks of Migrants in Malta: An Analysis Based on Bourdieu’s Theoretical Framework

Öz

Malta, one of the smallest countries in the European Union, has a rapidly growing population in recent years, with its migrant population accounting for a quarter of the total population. The island country’s limited physical space and high migration rate increase daily encounters between different groups and allow for direct observation of social mobility and communication networks. This research examines the relationship between migrants’ social mobility and the formation of social communication networks by drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of capital and the concept of cleft habitus. Within the scope of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirty-five migrants; data were collected through participant observation between 2023 and 2025. The obtained data were evaluated using the thematic analysis method. The findings draw attention to the determining role of how migrants’ capital is recognised or transformed in social communication in the post-migration context. The study reveals the relationship between factors such as country of citizenship and duration of residence with social mobility and social communication processes. It is observed that the social networks of non-EU migrants, who experience downward mobility in particular, have narrowed, and this situation reinforces structural inequalities. Furthermore, the study shows that language proficiency alone is insufficient to promote inclusive social communication.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bourdieu
• Malta
• migration
• social communication
• social mobility

Kaynakça

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