Futbol sahalarının dış etkilere açık olması, yağış-sıcaklık gibi çevresel faktörlerden etkilenmesine sebep olmaktadır. Yılın büyük kısmında müsabakalara ev sahipliği yapması, ulusal-uluslararası birçok organizasyona ve amatör düzeye kadar geniş çaplı kullanımı olması sebebiyle bu mühendislik yapısının drenaj özellikleri dikkatli bir şekilde incelenmelidir. Futbol sahalarının zemini, doğal çim yüzeyli ve sentetik(suni) çim yüzeyli olmak üzere iki tür olarak inşa edilebilir. Özellikle son yıllarda geliştirilen, kalitesi daha da arttırılan 3.Nesil sentetik çim futbol sahalarının kullanım sıklığı artmıştır. Bu çalışmada suni çim futbol sahalarının doğal olanlara göre avantaj ve dezavantajları incelenmiş ve bu iki sistem drenaj özellikleri açısından karşılaştırılmıştır.
1. Adams, W. A. (1986) Practical aspects of sports field drainage, Soil Use Manage, 2 (2): 51–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986 .tb00679.x.
2. Adkison, J.W., Requa, R.K. ve Garrick, J.G. (1974) Injury rates in high school football: a comparison of synthetic surfaces and grass fields. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 99, 131-136. PMID:4825706.
3. Aoki, H., Kohno, T., Fujiya, H., Kato, H., Yatabe, K., Morikawa, T. ve Seki, J. (2010) Incidence of injury among adolescent soccer players: a comparative study of artificial and natural grass turfs. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c967cd
4. Backx, F. J., Beijer, H. J., Bol, E. ve Erich, W. B. (1991) Injuries in high-risk persons and high-risk sports: a longitudinal study of 1818 school children, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(2), 124-130. doi: 10.1177/036354659101900206
5. Baker, S. W. (2003) Construction methods for public sector and professional sports pitches: A review, In I International Conference on Turfgrass Management and Science for Sports Fields, 661, 27-37. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.661.1
6. Baker, S. W. (1989) Soil physical conditions of the root zone layer and the performance of winter games’ pitches, Soil Use Manage, 5 (3), 116–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1989.tb00771.x.
7. Bartlett, M.D., James, I.T., Ford, M. ve Jennings-Temple, M. (2009) Testing natural turf sports surfaces: the value of performance quality standards, Proc. IMechE. Part P: J. Sports Eng. and Tech, 223(1), 21- 29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1243/17543371JSET24
8. Bjørneboe, J., Bah, R. ve Andersen, T.E. (2010) Risk of injury on thirdgeneration artificial turf in Norwegian professional football, Brit. J. Sports Med., 44(11), 794-798. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073783
9. Bocca, B., Forte, G., Petrucci, F., Cosntantini, S. ve Izzo, P. (2009) Metals contained and leached from rubber granulates used in synthetic turf areas, Sci. Total Environ., 407(7), 2183-2190. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.026
10. Burgers, R., van der Heide, I. E. ve Zeng, X. (2014) A study on improving the comfort of artificial grass in sports, University of twente, 4-5. doi : 10.13140/RG.2.1.3969.2963
11. Burillo, P., Gallardo, L., Felipe, J. L. ve Gallardo, A. M. (2012), Mechanical assessment of artificial turf football pitches: the consequences of no quality certification, Scientific Research and Essays, 7(28), 2457-2465. doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1454
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14. Cheng, H., Hu, Y. ve Reinhard, M. (2014), Environmental and health impacts of artificial turf: a review, Environmental science & technology, 48(4), 2114-2129. doi: 10.1021/es4044193
15. Claudio, L. (2008) Synthetic turf: health Debate Takes root, National Institute of Environmental Healty Sciences, 116(3), 116-122. doi: 10.1289/ehp.116-a116
16. Collignon, H., Sultan, N. ve Santander, C. (2011) The sports market. In Major trends and challenges in an industry full of passion, AT Kearney.
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Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 1754337120961602, 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337120961602
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33. Fuller, C.W., Clarke, L. ve Molloy, M.G. (2010) Risk of injury associated with rugby union played on artificial turf, J. Sports Sci, 28(5), 563-570. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640411003629681
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football players. Part 1: match injuries, British journal of sports medicine, 41, i20-i26. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.037267
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Comparison of Natural and Artificial Turf Football Fields in terms of Drainage Properties
Football fields are impacted by environmental factors such as precipitation and temperature since they are in touch with weather conditions. The drainage properties of this engineering structure should be carefully examined, since it hosts competitions in large periods of the year, and it is widely used in many national-international organizations and amateur level. Football fields may be created with either a natural grass surface or an artificial (synthetic) turf surface. Especially in recent years, the application of synthetic surface fields has increased, which has developed and continuously improved quality. In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of artificial turf football fields and natural ones were reviewed and these two systems were compared in terms of drainage properties.
1. Adams, W. A. (1986) Practical aspects of sports field drainage, Soil Use Manage, 2 (2): 51–54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986 .tb00679.x.
2. Adkison, J.W., Requa, R.K. ve Garrick, J.G. (1974) Injury rates in high school football: a comparison of synthetic surfaces and grass fields. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 99, 131-136. PMID:4825706.
3. Aoki, H., Kohno, T., Fujiya, H., Kato, H., Yatabe, K., Morikawa, T. ve Seki, J. (2010) Incidence of injury among adolescent soccer players: a comparative study of artificial and natural grass turfs. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20(1), 1-7. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181c967cd
4. Backx, F. J., Beijer, H. J., Bol, E. ve Erich, W. B. (1991) Injuries in high-risk persons and high-risk sports: a longitudinal study of 1818 school children, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(2), 124-130. doi: 10.1177/036354659101900206
5. Baker, S. W. (2003) Construction methods for public sector and professional sports pitches: A review, In I International Conference on Turfgrass Management and Science for Sports Fields, 661, 27-37. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.661.1
6. Baker, S. W. (1989) Soil physical conditions of the root zone layer and the performance of winter games’ pitches, Soil Use Manage, 5 (3), 116–122. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1989.tb00771.x.
7. Bartlett, M.D., James, I.T., Ford, M. ve Jennings-Temple, M. (2009) Testing natural turf sports surfaces: the value of performance quality standards, Proc. IMechE. Part P: J. Sports Eng. and Tech, 223(1), 21- 29. doi: https://doi.org/10.1243/17543371JSET24
8. Bjørneboe, J., Bah, R. ve Andersen, T.E. (2010) Risk of injury on thirdgeneration artificial turf in Norwegian professional football, Brit. J. Sports Med., 44(11), 794-798. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.073783
9. Bocca, B., Forte, G., Petrucci, F., Cosntantini, S. ve Izzo, P. (2009) Metals contained and leached from rubber granulates used in synthetic turf areas, Sci. Total Environ., 407(7), 2183-2190. doi:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.12.026
10. Burgers, R., van der Heide, I. E. ve Zeng, X. (2014) A study on improving the comfort of artificial grass in sports, University of twente, 4-5. doi : 10.13140/RG.2.1.3969.2963
11. Burillo, P., Gallardo, L., Felipe, J. L. ve Gallardo, A. M. (2012), Mechanical assessment of artificial turf football pitches: the consequences of no quality certification, Scientific Research and Essays, 7(28), 2457-2465. doi: https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.1454
12. Canaway, P. M. (1994). Maximising the performance of sports turf, Doctoral dissertation, Dept. of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Univ. of Liverpool.
13. Canaway, P. M., Bell, M. J., Holmes, G. ve Baker, S. W. (1990) Standards for the playing quality of natural turf for association football, Natural and artificial playing fields: characteristics and safety features, 1073, 29-47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1520/STP25347S
14. Cheng, H., Hu, Y. ve Reinhard, M. (2014), Environmental and health impacts of artificial turf: a review, Environmental science & technology, 48(4), 2114-2129. doi: 10.1021/es4044193
15. Claudio, L. (2008) Synthetic turf: health Debate Takes root, National Institute of Environmental Healty Sciences, 116(3), 116-122. doi: 10.1289/ehp.116-a116
16. Collignon, H., Sultan, N. ve Santander, C. (2011) The sports market. In Major trends and challenges in an industry full of passion, AT Kearney.
17. Dixon, S., Fleming, P., James, I. ve Carre, M., (2015) The science and engineering of sport surfaces, New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781138633605
18. Dragoo, J. L., Braun, H.J. (2010) The effect of playing surface on injury rate: a review of the current literature, Sports Medicine, 40(11), 981-990. doi: 10.2165/11535910-000000000-00000
19. Edwards, A. M., Mann, M. E., Marfell-Jones, M. J., Rankin, D. M., Noakes, T. D. ve Shillington, D. P. (2007) Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer performance: physiological responses to 45 min of
outdoor match-play and the immediate subsequent performance of sport-specific and mental concentration tests, British journal of sports medicine, 41(6), 385-391. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2006.033860
20. Ekstrand, J., Timpka, T., ve Hagglund, M. (2006) Risk of injury in elite football played on artificial turf versus natural grass: a prospective two-cohort study, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40 (12), 975-980. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.027623
21. Engebretsen, L., Kase, T. (1987) Soccer injuries and artificial turf, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 107(26), 2215-2217. Norwegian. PMID: 3672453.
22. FIFA, (2005). FIFA quality concept for artificial turf guide (pp. 1–43). Zurich: FIFA
23. FIFA, (2007). FIFA U-17 Championship Peru 2005. Turf Roots 1:8-10
24. FIFA, (2009a). FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf. Handbook of Requirements, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich.
25. FIFA, (2009b). FIFA Quality Concept for Football Turf. Handbook of Test Methods, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich.
26. FIFA, (2015). FIFA Quality Programme for Football Turf. Handbook of Requirements, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich.
27. FIFA, (2021a). FIFA Quality Programme for Football Turf. Member Association Handbook, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich.
28. Fleming, P.R., Forrester, S.E. ve McLaren, N.J. (2015) Understanding the effects of decompaction maintenance on the infill state and play performance of third-generation artificial grass pitches, Proceedings Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Sports Enginerring and Technology, 229(3), 169–182. doi: 10.1177/1754337114566480
29. Fleming, P. (2011) Artificial turf systems for sport surfaces: current knowledge and research needs, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and
Technology, 225(2), 43-63. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337111401688
30. Fleming, P. R., Watts, C. ve Forrester, S. (2020) A new model of third generation artificial turf degradation, maintenance interventions and benefits, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical
Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 1754337120961602, 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337120961602
31. Fleming, P., Ferrandino, M. ve Forrester, S. (2016) Artificial Turf Field–A New Build Case Study, Procedia engineering, 147, 836-841. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.294
33. Fuller, C.W., Clarke, L. ve Molloy, M.G. (2010) Risk of injury associated with rugby union played on artificial turf, J. Sports Sci, 28(5), 563-570. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640411003629681
34. Fuller, C. W., Dick, R. W., Corlette, J., ve Schmalz, R. (2007) Comparison of the incidence, nature and cause of injuries sustained on grass and new generation artificial turf by male and female
football players. Part 1: match injuries, British journal of sports medicine, 41, i20-i26. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.037267
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Gezici, K., Ağaçcıoğlu, H., & Kesgin, E. (2022). DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1005013
AMA
Gezici K, Ağaçcıoğlu H, Kesgin E. DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. Nisan 2022;27(1):487-502. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1005013
Chicago
Gezici, Kadir, Hayrullah Ağaçcıoğlu, ve Erdal Kesgin. “DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27, sy. 1 (Nisan 2022): 487-502. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1005013.
EndNote
Gezici K, Ağaçcıoğlu H, Kesgin E (01 Nisan 2022) DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27 1 487–502.
IEEE
K. Gezici, H. Ağaçcıoğlu, ve E. Kesgin, “DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”, UUJFE, c. 27, sy. 1, ss. 487–502, 2022, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1005013.
ISNAD
Gezici, Kadir vd. “DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 27/1 (Nisan 2022), 487-502. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1005013.
JAMA
Gezici K, Ağaçcıoğlu H, Kesgin E. DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. 2022;27:487–502.
MLA
Gezici, Kadir vd. “DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 487-02, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1005013.
Vancouver
Gezici K, Ağaçcıoğlu H, Kesgin E. DOĞAL VE SENTETİK ÇİM ZEMİNLİ FUTBOL SAHALARININ DRENAJ TASARIMLARI AÇISINDAN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI. UUJFE. 2022;27(1):487-502.
30.03.2021- Nisan 2021 (26/1) sayımızdan itibaren TR-Dizin yeni kuralları gereği, dergimizde basılacak makalelerde, ilk gönderim aşamasında Telif Hakkı Formu yanısıra, Çıkar Çatışması Bildirim Formu ve Yazar Katkısı Bildirim Formu da tüm yazarlarca imzalanarak gönderilmelidir. Yayınlanacak makalelerde de makale metni içinde "Çıkar Çatışması" ve "Yazar Katkısı" bölümleri yer alacaktır. İlk gönderim aşamasında doldurulması gereken yeni formlara "Yazım Kuralları" ve "Makale Gönderim Süreci" sayfalarımızdan ulaşılabilir. (Değerlendirme süreci bu tarihten önce tamamlanıp basımı bekleyen makalelerin yanısıra değerlendirme süreci devam eden makaleler için, yazarlar tarafından ilgili formlar doldurularak sisteme yüklenmelidir). Makale şablonları da, bu değişiklik doğrultusunda güncellenmiştir. Tüm yazarlarımıza önemle duyurulur.
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