YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ

Derya Öztürk; Sibel Uzun

doi:10.17482/uumfd.1248184

Araştırma Makalesi

Analysis of Coastal Erosion in Yeşilirmak Delta Using Linear Regression Rate Method

Yıl 2023, , 847 - 866, 27.12.2023

Derya Öztürk , Sibel Uzun

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1248184

Öz

This study investigated erosion along the approximately 18.5 km coastal section of the Yeşilırmak Delta, a nationally important wetland, using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Landsat-5 TM/Landsat-8 OLI satellite images from 1985 to 2022 (1985, 1990, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2017, and 2022) were used to determine shoreline changes. The shoreline determination process involved the combination of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) and the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI). Annual rates of shoreline change were calculated using the linear regression rate (LRR) method within a 95% confidence level. Results showed a maximum erosion rate of -25.8 m/year in Zone-1, located in the western part of the Yeşilırmak River, and -7.7 m/year in Zone2, situated in the eastern part. Erosion affected 61% of the delta, with 34% experiencing high-level erosion, 9% medium-level erosion, and 18% low-level erosion. Overlay analysis identified a total loss of 261.45 ha during 1985–2022, with 179.23 ha in Zone-1 and 82.22 ha in Zone-2. These findings enhance understanding of coastal dynamics by delineating erosion, accretion, and stable areas in the Yeşilırmak Delta. Furthermore, the study highlights the effectiveness of Landsat images and the LRR method in assessing shoreline changes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşilırmak Delta, Shoreline, Erosion, Linear Regression Rate, Remote Sensing, Landsat

Kaynakça

1. Aladwani, N.S. (2022) Shoreline change rate dynamics analysis and prediction of future positions using satellite imagery for the southern coast of Kuwait: A case study. Oceanologia, 64(3), 417–432. doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2022.02.002
2. Atalay Dutucu, A. (2016) Yeşilırmak Deltası’nda jeomorfolojik değişiklikler ve gelecek ile ilgili öngörüler. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
3. Atalay Dutucu A., Turoğlu, H. ve İkiel, C. (2017) Yeşilırmak Deltası kıyı çizgisi değişimine barajların etkisi. 70. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 10–14 Nisan 2017, Ankara.
4. Avcı, K.M., Erkal, T. ve San, B. T. (2003) Yeşilırmak Deltası kıyı çizgisi değişiminin uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama (MTA), Rapor, (10612).
5. Bağcı, H.R. ve Şahin, K. (2018) Yeşilırmak Deltasındaki (Samsun) turistik çekiciliklerin ulaşılabilirlik durumları. International Geography Symposium on the 30th Anniversary of TUCAUM, 3–6 October 2018, Ankara.
6. Baig, M.R.I., Ahmad, I.A., Shahfahad, Tayyab, M. ve Rahman, A. (2020) Analysis of shoreline changes in Vishakhapatnam coastal tract of Andhra Pradesh, India: an application of digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). Annals of GIS, 26(4), 361–376. doi:10.1080/19475683.2020.1815839
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8. Basheer Ahammed, K.K. ve Pandey, A.C. (2022) Assessment and prediction of shoreline change using multi-temporal satellite data and geostatistics: A case study on the eastern coast of India. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(3), 1477–1493. doi:10.2166/wcc.2022.270
9. Bergillos, R.J., Rodríguez‐Delgado, C., Millares, A., Ortega‐Sánchez, M. ve Losada, M.A. (2016) Impact of river regulation on a Mediterranean Delta: Assessment of managed versus unmanaged scenarios. Water Resources Research, 52(7), 5132–5148. doi:10.1002/2015WR018395
10. Bombino, G., Barbaro, G., D'Agostino, D., Denisi, P., Foti, G., Labate, A. ve Zimbone, S.M. (2022) Shoreline change and coastal erosion: The role of check dams. First indications from a case study in Calabria, southern Italy. Catena, 217, 106494. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106494
11. Burningham, H. ve Fernandez-Nunez, M. (2020) Shoreline change analysis. İçinde: Sandy Beach Morphodynamics (s. 439–460). Elsevier.
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YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ

Yıl 2023, , 847 - 866, 27.12.2023

Derya Öztürk , Sibel Uzun

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1248184

Öz

Bu çalışmada ulusal öneme haiz sulak alanlar kapsamında tescillenen Yeşilırmak Deltası’nın yaklaşık 18,5 km’lik kıyı bölümünde gerçekleşen erozyon uzaktan algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) yardımıyla araştırılmıştır. 1985–2022 periyodunda gerçekleşen kıyı çizgisi değişimlerinin belirlenmesi ve erozyonun derecesinin anlaşılabilmesi için 1985, 1990, 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2017 ve 2022 yıllarına ait Landsat-5 TM/Landsat-8 OLI uydu görüntüleri kullanılmıştır. Uydu görüntülerinden kıyı çizgilerinin belirlenmesinde normalize fark su indeksi (NDWI) ve modifiye normalize fark su indeksi (MNDWI) entegre edilmiştir. Yıllık kıyı çizgisi değişim oranları 1985–2022 periyodunda sekiz farklı yıla ait kıyı çizgilerinden doğrusal regresyon oranı (LRR) yöntemiyle %95 güven düzeyinde hesaplanmış, Yeşilırmak Nehri’nin batı kesimindeki Bölge-1’de maksimum -25,8 m/yıl, doğu kesimindeki Bölge-2’de maksimum - 7,7 m/yıl’a ulaşan erozyon oranı belirlenmiştir. Kıyı çizgisi değişimleri sınıflandırıldığında deltanın %34’ü yüksek, %9’u orta, %18’i düşük derecede olmak üzere %61’inde erozyon gerçekleştiği anlaşılmıştır. 1985– 2022 periyodunda erozyonla kaybedilen alanlar çakıştırma analizi ile belirlenmiş, Bölge-1’de 179,23 ha ve Bölge-2’de 82,22 ha olmak üzere toplam 261,45 ha alanın erozyon ile kaybedildiği görülmüştür. Analiz sonuçları, Yeşilırmak Deltası kıyılarındaki erozyon, birikim ve stabil alanların belirlenerek kıyı dinamiklerinin ve erozyon tehlikesinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamış ve kıyı çizgisi değişimlerinin belirlenmesinde Landsat görüntüleri ve LRR yönteminin etkinliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeşilırmak Deltası, Kıyı Çizgisi, Erozyon, Doğrusal Regresyon Oranı, Uzaktan Algılama, Landsat

Kaynakça

1. Aladwani, N.S. (2022) Shoreline change rate dynamics analysis and prediction of future positions using satellite imagery for the southern coast of Kuwait: A case study. Oceanologia, 64(3), 417–432. doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2022.02.002
2. Atalay Dutucu, A. (2016) Yeşilırmak Deltası’nda jeomorfolojik değişiklikler ve gelecek ile ilgili öngörüler. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
3. Atalay Dutucu A., Turoğlu, H. ve İkiel, C. (2017) Yeşilırmak Deltası kıyı çizgisi değişimine barajların etkisi. 70. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 10–14 Nisan 2017, Ankara.
4. Avcı, K.M., Erkal, T. ve San, B. T. (2003) Yeşilırmak Deltası kıyı çizgisi değişiminin uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri yöntemi ile incelenmesi. Maden Tetkik ve Arama (MTA), Rapor, (10612).
5. Bağcı, H.R. ve Şahin, K. (2018) Yeşilırmak Deltasındaki (Samsun) turistik çekiciliklerin ulaşılabilirlik durumları. International Geography Symposium on the 30th Anniversary of TUCAUM, 3–6 October 2018, Ankara.
6. Baig, M.R.I., Ahmad, I.A., Shahfahad, Tayyab, M. ve Rahman, A. (2020) Analysis of shoreline changes in Vishakhapatnam coastal tract of Andhra Pradesh, India: an application of digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS). Annals of GIS, 26(4), 361–376. doi:10.1080/19475683.2020.1815839
7. Baral, R., Pradhan, S., Samal, R.N. ve Mishra, S.K. (2018) Shoreline change analysis at Chilika lagoon coast, India using digital shoreline analysis system. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 46(10), 1637–1644. doi:10.1007/s12524-018-0818-7
8. Basheer Ahammed, K.K. ve Pandey, A.C. (2022) Assessment and prediction of shoreline change using multi-temporal satellite data and geostatistics: A case study on the eastern coast of India. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 13(3), 1477–1493. doi:10.2166/wcc.2022.270
9. Bergillos, R.J., Rodríguez‐Delgado, C., Millares, A., Ortega‐Sánchez, M. ve Losada, M.A. (2016) Impact of river regulation on a Mediterranean Delta: Assessment of managed versus unmanaged scenarios. Water Resources Research, 52(7), 5132–5148. doi:10.1002/2015WR018395
10. Bombino, G., Barbaro, G., D'Agostino, D., Denisi, P., Foti, G., Labate, A. ve Zimbone, S.M. (2022) Shoreline change and coastal erosion: The role of check dams. First indications from a case study in Calabria, southern Italy. Catena, 217, 106494. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2022.106494
11. Burningham, H. ve Fernandez-Nunez, M. (2020) Shoreline change analysis. İçinde: Sandy Beach Morphodynamics (s. 439–460). Elsevier.
12. Cambers G. (2001) Coastal hazards and vulnerability. İçinde: Professional Development Programme: Coastal Infrastructure Design, Construction and Maintenance - A Course in Coastal Zone/Island Systems Management, Bölüm 4, 21 s.
13. Can, Ö. ve Taş, B. (2012) Ramsar alanı içinde yer alan Cernek Gölü ve sulak alanının (Kızılırmak Deltası, Samsun) ekolojik ve sosyo-ekonomik önemi. TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, 5(2), 1–11.
14. Chandrasekar, K., Sesha Sai, M.V.R., Roy, P.S. ve Dwevedi, R.S. (2010) Land Surface Water Index (LSWI) response to rainfall and NDVI using the MODIS Vegetation Index product. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31(15), 3987–4005. doi:10.1080/01431160802575653
15. Chang, L., Cheng, L., Huang, C., Qin, S., Fu, C. ve Li, S. (2022) Extracting urban water bodies from Landsat imagery based on mNDWI and HSV transformation. Remote Sensing, 14(22), 5785. doi:10.3390/rs14225785
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42. Martínez, C., Grez, P.W., Martín, R.A., Acuña, C.E., Torres, I. ve Contreras-López, M. (2022) Coastal erosion in sandy beaches along a tectonically active coast: The Chile study case. Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment, 46(2), 250–271. doi:10.1177/0309133321105719
43. McFeeters, S.K. (1996) The use of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17(7), 1425–1432. doi:10.1080/01431169608948714
44. McFeeters, S.K. (2013) Using the normalized difference water index (NDWI) within a geographic information system to detect swimming pools for mosquito abatement: a practical approach. Remote Sensing, 5(7), 3544–3561. doi:10.3390/rs5073544
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47. Oyedotun, T.D. (2014) Shoreline geometry: DSAS as a tool for historical trend analysis. İçinde: Geomorphological Techniques, Bölüm 3(2.2), s.1–12.
48. Ozturk, D., Beyazit, I. ve Kilic, F. (2015) Spatiotemporal analysis of shoreline changes of the Kizilirmak Delta. Journal of Coastal Research, 31(6), 1389–1402. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-14-00159.1
49. Ozturk, D. ve Sesli, F.A. (2015) Shoreline change analysis of the Kizilirmak Lagoon Series. Ocean & Coastal Management, 118, 290–308. doi:10.15244/pjoes/58765
50. Reddy, G.O. (2018) Spatial data management, analysis, and modeling in GIS: principles and applications. İçinde: Reddy, G., Singh, S. (editörler) Geospatial Technologies in Land Resources Mapping, Monitoring and Management, cilt 21, s.127–142. Geotechnologies and the Environment, Springer, Cham. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78711-4_7
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Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Fotogrametri ve Uzaktan Algılama
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Derya Öztürk 0000-0002-0684-3127 Sibel Uzun 0000-0001-5814-7054
Erken Görünüm Tarihi	2 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	8 Şubat 2023
Kabul Tarihi	27 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA	Öztürk, D., & Uzun, S. (2023). YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 847-866. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1248184
AMA	Öztürk D, Uzun S. YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ. UUJFE. Aralık 2023;28(3):847-866. doi:10.17482/uumfd.1248184
Chicago	Öztürk, Derya, ve Sibel Uzun. “YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28, sy. 3 (Aralık 2023): 847-66. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1248184.
EndNote	Öztürk D, Uzun S (01 Aralık 2023) YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28 3 847–866.
IEEE	D. Öztürk ve S. Uzun, “YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ”, UUJFE, c. 28, sy. 3, ss. 847–866, 2023, doi: 10.17482/uumfd.1248184.
ISNAD	Öztürk, Derya - Uzun, Sibel. “YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi 28/3 (Aralık 2023), 847-866. https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.1248184.
JAMA	Öztürk D, Uzun S. YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ. UUJFE. 2023;28:847–866.
MLA	Öztürk, Derya ve Sibel Uzun. “YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 28, sy. 3, 2023, ss. 847-66, doi:10.17482/uumfd.1248184.
Vancouver	Öztürk D, Uzun S. YEŞİLIRMAK DELTASI’NDA KIYI EROZYONUNUN DOĞRUSAL REGRESYON ORANI YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ. UUJFE. 2023;28(3):847-66.

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