SİNTİNE SUYU ARITMA ÇAMURLARININ YÖNETİMİNDE ULTRASONİK DESTEKLİ SUSUZLAŞTIRMA: ÇEVRESEL VE EKONOMİK PERSPEKTİF

Öz

Bu çalışma, liman atık kabul tesislerinde sintine suyu arıtımı sonucunda oluşan tehlikeli nitelikteki çamurların bertaraf maliyetlerinin azaltılmasına yönelik olarak mevcut ve alternatif susuzlaştırma teknolojilerinin performans ve maliyet açısından karşılaştırmalı analizini amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, mevcut filtre pres sistemi (Senaryo 1), ultrason (US) destekli filtre pres (Senaryo 2) ve US + koagülan destekli filtre pres (Senaryo 3) olmak üzere üç farklı senaryo pilot ölçekli deneyler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Deneylerde, gerçek sintine çamuru kullanılarak 5000 mL hacminde örneklerle çalışılmış; US uygulamaları 500–2000 W aralığında ve 10–60 dakika süreyle gerçekleştirilmiş, koagülasyon aşamasında ise polialüminyum klorür, demir (III) klorür ve demülsifier gibi farklı kimyasal gruplar test edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, US ve US + koagülan destekli sistemler çamur hacmini sırasıyla %10 ve %15 oranında azaltmıştır. Ancak bu fiziksel iyileşmeye rağmen, enerji ve kimyasal girdilerdeki artış nedeniyle toplam yıllık işletme maliyetleri artış göstermiştir. Senaryo 2’de yıllık maliyet, mevcut yönteme göre %69,6 oranında artarken; Senaryo 3’te bu oran %65,2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, her üç senaryoda da çamur içerisindeki toplam organik karbon (TOC), kızdırma kaybı (LOI) ve su içeriği gibi parametrelerde önemli değişiklikler gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, ultrason tabanlı ön işlemlerin çamur karakteristiği üzerinde pozitif etkiler yarattığını, ancak mevcut ekonomik koşullarda bu sistemlerin tek başına bertaraf maliyetini azaltmak açısından yeterli olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, tam ölçekli uygulamalarda sistem verimliliği, enerji maliyetleri ve olası çevresel teşvikler göz önünde bulundurularak yeniden değerlendirme yapılması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca, çamur hacmini daha da azaltabilecek hibrit teknolojilerin veya ileri susuzlaştırma tekniklerinin araştırılması, bertaraf stratejilerinin uzun vadeli sürdürülebilirliği açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sintine suyu
• arıtma çamuru
• ultrasonik yöntem
• bertaraf maliyeti
• liman atık kabul tesisi
• ekonomik analiz

Ultrasound-Assisted Dewatering in the Management of Bilge Water Treatment Sludge: An Environmental and Economic Perspective

Öz

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the performance and cost efficiency of conventional and alternative dewatering technologies for the disposal of hazardous sludge generated from bilge water treatment in port waste reception facilities. In this context, three scenarios were evaluated through pilot-scale experiments: the conventional filter press system (Scenario 1), filter press supported by ultrasound (US) (Scenario 2), and filter press supported by US and coagulants (Scenario 3). Experiments were performed using real bilge sludge samples with a volume of 5000 mL. US applications were conducted within a power range of 500–2000 W for durations of 10–60 minutes, while the coagulation phase tested different chemical groups, including polyaluminum chloride, ferric chloride, and demulsifiers. According to the results, US- and US + coagulant-assisted systems reduced sludge volume by approximately 10% and 15%, respectively. However, despite the physical improvements, the increases in energy and chemical inputs resulted in higher total annual operating costs. Compared to the conventional method, Scenario 2 exhibited a 69.6% cost increase, while Scenario 3 showed a 65.2% increase. Furthermore, significant changes were observed in parameters such as total organic carbon (TOC), loss on ignition (LOI), and moisture content across all three scenarios. These findings suggest that while ultrasonic pretreatment positively influences sludge characteristics, under current economic conditions, such systems alone are not sufficient to reduce disposal costs effectively. Therefore, for full-scale applications, it is recommended that system efficiency, energy pricing, and potential environmental incentives be taken into account. Additionally, investigating hybrid technologies or advanced dewatering techniques that could further reduce sludge volume is critical for ensuring the long-term sustainability of disposal strategies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilge water
• sludge treatment
• ultrasonic method
• disposal cost
• port reception facility
• economic analysis

Kaynakça

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