Use of Probiotic Microorganisms for Bio-Protective Aims

Öz

It was known that some diseases can be treated as the result of the use of antibiotics in certain periods and at certain dosages while inactivating and deteriorating normal microorganisms performing useful activities in human metabolism (in especially intestinal flora). It was occured that after the use of antibiotics, some defects can be seen resulting from antibiotics (such as allergy, diarrhea, gas formation etc). With this aim, nutraceutics and functional food have gained importance over the last years and consumers began to be interested in probiotics, natural antioxidants, dietary fibres, products with low calorie and cholesterol contents, especially the products containing probioticbacteria. Bacteriocins produced by probiotic bacteria can play important roles as food protective and safeguarding since they can compete with unwanted or pathogen microorganisms survive in the media and colonize in intestines. In this review, is aimed to emphasis bioprotective compounds, advantages and disadvantages of biopreservation method and the importance of the mechanisms of probiotic microorganisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiotic bacteria, Bioprotective, Bacteriocin, Food security

Probiyotik Mikroorganizmaların Biyokoruyucu Özelliği

Öz

Antibiyotiklerin belli periyotlarda ve belli dozlardaki kullanımı neticesinde hastalıkların tedavi edildiği ancak insan metabolizmasında yararlı faaliyetleri olan (özellikle de intestinal florada) mikroorganizmaları inaktive ettiği ve normal floranın bozulduğu bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte antibiyotiklerden kaynaklanan bazı rahatsızlıklar da (alerji, diyare, gaz vb. gibi) ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla son yıllarda nutrasötikler ve fonksiyonel gıdalar büyük önem kazanmaya başlamış ve buna bağlı olarak tüketicilerin probiyotiklere, doğal antioksidanlara, diyet liflerine, düşük kalorili ve düşük kolesterol içeren ürünlere ilgisi artmıştır. Bilhassa probiyotik bakteri içeren ürünler büyük talep görmeye başlamıştır. Probiyotik bakteriler tarafından üretilen bakteriyosinler istenmeyen ya da patojen olan mikroorganizmalarla yarışabilme, ortamda canlı kalabilme ve bağırsaklarda koloni oluşturabilme hususunda gıdalarda koruyucu ve güvenlik sağlayıcı olarak önemli bir rol oynamaktadırlar. Bu derlemede; biyokoruyucu bileşikler, biyokoruma yönteminin avantaj ve dezavantajları ile probiyotik mikroorganizmaların etki mekanizmalarının öneminin vurgulanması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Probiyotik bakteri, Biyokoruyucu, Bakteriyosin, Gıda güvenliği

Kaynakça

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