ATIK ELEKTRİKLİ VE ELEKTRONİK EŞYALAR İÇİN ÇOK AMAÇLI BİR TERSİNE LOJİSTİK AĞ TASARIMI: İSTANBUL UYGULAMASI

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4, 41 - 54, 31.12.2018

Özlem Karadeniz Alver , Berk Ayvaz , Bülent Çatay

https://doi.org/10.17482/uumfd.455360

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Atık Elektrikli ve
Elektronik Eşyalar (AEEE) Kontrolü Yönetmeliği’ne göre İstanbul ilinde
toplanması gereken AEEE için çok amaçlı karma tamsayılı programlama modeli
oluşturulmuştur. Model, sürdürülebilirlik kavramının üç temel hedefinden
(ekonomik, çevresel ve sosyal) yola çıkarak, sorumlu paydaşların yönetmelikte
tanımlanan yükümlülükleri dikkate alınarak tasarlanmıştır. Fakat yönetmeliğe
rağmen yasa dışı olarak AEEE toplayan ve ayrıştıran hurdacılar mevcuttur. Bu
tip atıklar insan sağlığına oldukça zararlı olabildiğinden, gerekli ekipmanları
olmayan hurdacılar için risk oluşturmaktadır. Buradan yola çıkarak, AEEE
toplayan hurdacıların ve hurda depolarının, devlet teşviki ile yasal atık
sistemine dâhil edilerek sağlıklarının güvence altına alınması ve sosyal
statülerinin arttırılması sosyal amaç olarak seçilmiştir.  Bu bağlamda, modelin sosyal faydayı
hedefleyen amacı istihdamı enbüyüklemektir. Modelin diğer amaçları, tersine
lojistik operasyonlarının çevreye yarattığı olumsuz etkileri enküçüklemek ve
AEEE işleme ve geri kazanım sisteminin toplam kârını enbüyüklemektir. Farklı
atık toplama yüzdeleri ve devlet teşviki miktarları için senaryolar
oluşturulmuştur.  Önerilen model CPLEX
eniyileme çözücüsü kullanılarak epsilon kısıt yöntemi ile çözülmüş ve açılacak
atık işleme tesislerine ve teşvik verilerek AEEE geri kazanım sistemine dâhil
edilecek hurda depolarına karar verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tersine Lojistik, Ağ Tasarımı, AEEE, Sürdürülebilirlik, Sosyal Fayda

A Multi-Objective Reverse Logistics Network Design for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: The Case of Istanbul

Öz

In this study, we propose a multi-objective mixed-integer
programming model for the collection of Waste of Electric and Electronic
Equipment (WEEE) in Istanbul, by following the requirement set by the Ministry
of Environment and Urbanization WEEE Directive. The model considers three
aspects of sustainability, namely economic, environmental and social. Although the
responsibilities of related authorities explicitly defined in the directive,
illegal WEEE collectors still operate in the collection system. These illegal
collectors do not utilize proper equipment and provide necessary conditions for
the treatment of WEEE, which may cause significant health-related and
life-threatening issues. By taking this situation into account, we adopt the
official employment of illegal WEEE scrap dealers and inclusion of their junk
yards into legal waste stream as the social objective of the model. In other
words, maximizing the employment is one of the objectives. The remaining two objectives
deal with minimizing the adverse environmental effect of reverse logistics
activities and maximizing the overall profit of WEEE treatment and recovery network.
The proposed model is solved using CPLEX solver by utilizing the
epsilon-constraint method. We consider various scenarios with respect to WEEE
collection targets to make WEEE treatment facilities siting decisions and to
determine the subsidy amounts for the scrap dealer junkyards which will be
included in the recovery system and discuss the results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Reverse Logistics, Network Design, WEEE, Sustainability, Social Benefit

Kaynakça

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