ARITMA ÇAMURLARININ TARIMSAL AMAÇLI KULLANIMI:TOPRAKTAKİ AZOT PROSESLERİNDE MEYDANA GELEN DEĞİŞİMLER

Öz

Atıksu arıtma tesislerinin işletilmesi sırasında bir yan ürün olarak açığa çıkan arıtma çamurlarının uygun arıtma proseslerinden geçirilerek insan sağlığı ve çevreye herhangi bir olumsuz etkisi olmaksızın bertaraf edilmeleri gerekmektedir. Uygun özelliğe sahip arıtma çamurlarının tarımsal amaçlı kullanılması tarımsal üretimde verimliliği arttıran bir bertaraf yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada süt endüstrisi atıksu arıtma tesisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6 oranında katı madde içeren çürütülmüş çamur örneğinin topraktaki azot prosesleri açısından tarımsal amaçlı kullanım potansiyelinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 50 ton/ha, 100 ton/ha ve 200 ton/ha dozlarında çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örnekleri 45 gün boyunca 28°C’de karanlıkta inkübe edilmiştir. Belirli periyotlarla alınan toprak örneklerinde toplam azot, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu konsantrasyonları ile birlikte toprak kalitesini belirlemede yaygın olarak kullanılan üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon hızı ve nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerleri takip edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çürütülmüş çamur dozunun artması ile birlikte toprak örneklerinin toplam azot, amonyum azotu ve nitrat azotu konsantrasyonlarının arttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon hızı ve nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerlerinin benzer bir eğilimde olduğu belirlenmiştir.  Farklı dozlarda çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örneklerinde amonifikasyon prosesinin nitrifikasyon prosesine göre daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Süt ürünleri endüstrisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6 oranında katı madde içeren çürütülmüş çamurun Mekanik Ayırma, Biyokurutma ve Biyometanizasyon Tesisleri ile Fermente Ürün Yönetimi Tebliği’ndeki diğer şartları yerine getirmek kaydı ile azot prosesleri bakımından tarımsal verimliliği arttırmak için kullanılan azotlu gübrelere alternatif olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arıtma Çamuru,Toprak,Nitrifikasyon,Amonifikasyon,Üreaz Aktivitesi

Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge: Variations of Nitrogen Processes in Soil

Öz

Sewage sludge which is produced as a byproduct during the operation of wastewater treatment plants must be properly treated and disposed of in order to  eliminate any negative effects on human health and environment. Use of sludges with suitable characteristics for agricultural purposes is a method of disposal that increases productivity in agricultural production. In this study, it is aimed to determine the potential of agricultural use of digested sludge samples containing approximately 6% solids obtained from the wastewater treatment plant of a dairy industry in terms of nitrogen processes in the soil. In this direction, soil samples were applied with digested sludge at doses of 50 ton/ha, 100 ton/ha and 200 ton/ha and then the mixtures were incubated in the dark at 28 °C for 45 days. Total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations together with urease activity, arginine amonification rate and nitrification potential values which are commonly used in determination of soil quality were determined in soil samples taken at certain periods of incubation period. The obtained data apparently showed that the total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen concentrations of the soil samples increased with the increment of application dose of digested sludge. It was also determined that the urease activity, arginine amonification rate and nitrification potential values have a similar tendency of increment. It was reported that the ammonification process is more dominant than the nitrification process in soil samples treated with different doses of digested sludge. The overall results indicated that the digested sludge containing approximately 6% solids obtained from dairy products industry can be considered as an alternative to the nitrogen fertilizers which increases  the agricultural productivity in terms of nitrogen processes, provided that they meet other requirements in the Mechanical Separation, Biofuels and Biomethanization Plants and the Fermented Product Management Communique.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ammonification,Nitrification,Sewage Sludge,Soil,Urease Activity

Kaynakça

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