Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu, Entelektüel Yetiyitimi ve Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Annelerinde Psikolojik Dayanıklılık, Bakım Yükü, Depresif Belirtiler ve Algılanan Sosyal Desteğin Karşılaştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışma, otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), entelektüel yetiyitimi (EYY) ve tipik gelişim (TG) gösteren çocukların anneleri arasında bakım yükü, depresif belirtiler, psikolojik dayanıklılık ve algılanan sosyal desteği karşılaştırmıştır. Örneklem, 2–12 yaş aralığında çocuğa sahip 131 anneden oluşmuştur (OSB: n=59; EYY: n=29; TG: n=43). Katılımcılar Zarit Bakım Yükü Ölçeği (ZBYÖ), Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Yetişkin Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (YPSÖ) ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği’ni (ÇBASDÖ) doldurmuştur. ZBYÖ toplam puanları gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir (p=0,407). BDE puanları ise anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p=0,004); OSB grubundaki anneler EYY ve TG gruplarına kıyasla daha yüksek depresif belirti düzeyleri bildirmiştir. YPSÖ toplam puanları da gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p=0,006); TG grubunda dayanıklılık düzeyleri OSB grubuna kıyasla daha yüksek bulunurken, EYY grubuna ilişkin farklılıklar tutarlı değildir. ÇBASDÖ toplam puanları TG grubunda hem OSB hem de EYY gruplarına kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001); OSB ve EYY grupları arasında fark saptanmamıştır. OSB grubunda BDE puanları ZBYÖ ile pozitif (r =0,503; p<0,001), YPSÖ (r=−0,443; p<0,001) ve ÇBASDÖ (r=−0,329, p=0,011) ile negatif yönde korelasyon göstermiştir. EYY grubunda ise BDE, ZBYÖ (r=0,380, p=0,042) ve YPSÖ (r=0,462; p=0,012) ile ilişkili bulunmuş, ancak ÇBASDÖ ile anlamlı ilişki göstermemiştir. Bulgular, her iki klinik grupta da psikososyal kırılganlığa işaret etmekte, özellikle OSB’li çocukların annelerinde koruyucu psikososyal müdahalelerin önceliklendirilmesi gereğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu
• Entelektüel Yetiyitimi
• Bakım Yükü
• Depresif Belirtiler;
• Psikolojik Dayanıklılık
• Algılanan Sosyal Destek

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma, kamu, ticari veya kâr amacı gütmeyen kuruluşlardan herhangi bir özel fon desteği almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (Onay Tarihi: 3 Kasım 2023; Karar No: 2023/4600:16218).

Teşekkür

Bu araştırmaya değerli katkı sağlayan tüm katılımcılara içten teşekkür ederiz.

A Comparative Study of Psychological Resilience, Caregiver Burden, Depressive Symptoms, and Perceived Social Support Among Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Intellectual Disability, and Typical Development

Öz

This study compared caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, psychological resilience, and perceived social support among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), and typically developing (TD) children. The sample consisted of 131 mothers of children aged 2–12 years (ASD: n=59; ID: n=29; TD: n=43). Participants completed the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Adult Resilience Measure (ARM), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). ZBI total scores did not differ significantly across groups (p=0.407). BDI scores differed significantly (p=0.004), with higher depressive symptoms in the ASD group than in the ID and TD groups. ARM total scores differed significantly across groups (p=0.006), with higher resilience in the TD group than in the ASD group, while differences involving the ID group were not consistently significant. MSPSS total scores were significantly higher in the TD group than in both ASD and ID groups (p<0.001), with no difference between ASD and ID. In the ASD group, BDI correlated positively with ZBI (r=0.503; p<0.001) and negatively with ARM (r=−0.443; p<0.001) and MSPSS (r=−0.329; p=0.011). In the ID group, BDI correlated with ZBI (r=0.380; p=0.042) and ARM (r=0.462; p=0.012), but not with MSPSS. The findings indicate vulnerability across both clinical groups, particularly among mothers of children with ASD, underscoring the need to prioritize protective psychosocial interventions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• Intellectual Disability
• Caregiver Burden
• Depressive Symptoms;
• Psychological Resilience
• Perceived Social Support

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Necmettin Erbakan University (Approval Date: November 3, 2023; Decision No: 2023/4600:16218).

Teşekkür

The authors sincerely thank all participants for their valuable contribution to this research.

Kaynakça

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