Türkiye Erzurum'daki Bir Üçüncü Basamak Sağlık Merkezinde Alerjik Rinitli Yetişkinlerde Aeroalerjen Duyarlılık Kalıpları

Öz

Alerjik rinit, burun mukozası iltihabının geleneksel tanımının ötesine geçerek, iklim değişikliği ve bölgesel biyoçeşitlilikteki değişimlerle şekillenen karmaşık bir ekosistem sorununa dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Erzurum ilindeki bir üçüncü basamak sağlık merkezinde alerjik rinitli yetişkinlerde aeroalerjen duyarlılık kalıplarını belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Erzurum şehrindeki bir üçüncü basamak alerji kliniğinde tek merkezli, retrospektif, kesitsel bir çalışma olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kasım 2023 ile Ocak 2025 tarihleri arasında rinit şikayetiyle immünoloji ve alerji polikliniğine başvuran 18 yaş ve üzeri hastalar retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların klinik, demografik ve laboratuvar verileri (deri prick testi sonuçları ve serum alerjen spesifik immünoglobulin E düzeyleri dahil) hastanenin elektronik tıbbi kayıtlarından ve hasta dosyalarından elde edilmiştir. Rinit semptomlarıyla başvuran toplam 1235 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. İlk klinik değerlendirme ile dahil edilme ve dışlama kriterlerinin uygulanmasının ardından, 739 hasta ileri değerlendirmeye uygun bulunmuştur. Bu hastaların 496'sında (%67,1) en az bir aeroalerjene duyarlılık (pozitif deri prick testi ve/veya serum spesifik immünoglobulin E) tespit edilmiş ve alerjik rinit tanısı doğrulanmış olup, bu hastalar çalışma grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların 345'i (%69,6) kadın olup, medyan yaş 27'dir (aralık: 18-69). Toplam 306 hastada (%61,7) monosensitizasyon tespit edilmiş olup, en yaygın alerjenler ev tozu akarları (n=183, %36,9) ve çayır polenleri (n=159, %32,1) olmuştur. En sık görülen eşlik eden atopik hastalık astım (68/496) olup, astımlı hastalarda en sık görülen aeroalerjen duyarlılığı ev tozu akarlarıydı; bu durum 31 hastada (%45,6) tespit edildi. Sert bir karasal iklime sahip yüksek rakımlı Erzurum'da, ev tozu akarları ve çayır polenleri birincil aeroalerjenlerdir. Çalışmamızda monosensitizasyon oranının yüksek olması, alerjik rinitin yönetiminde bölgeye özgü çevresel kontrol stratejileri ve tedavilerin geliştirilmesi açısından dikkat çekicidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Alerjik rinit
• Aeroalerjenler
• Deri prik testi
• Rakım

Aeroallergen Sensitization Patterns Among Adults with Allergic Rhinitis at a Tertiary Center in Erzurum, Türkiye

Öz

Allergic Rhinitis has evolved beyond the conventional definition of nasal mucosal inflammation, becoming a complex ecosystem problem shaped by climate change and shifts in regional biodiversity. This study aimed to characterize aeroallergen sensitization patterns among adults with allergic rhinitis at a tertiary care center in Erzurum, Türkiye. This study was conducted as a single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study at a tertiary allergy clinic in Erzurum, Türkiye. Patients aged 18 and over who presented to the immunology and allergy outpatient clinic with rhinitis complaints between November 2023 and January 2025 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical, demographic, and laboratory data (including skin prick test results and serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E levels) of the patients were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records and patient files. A total of 1,235 patients presenting with rhinitis symptoms were retrospectively evaluated. After the initial clinical assessment and application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria, 739 patients were considered eligible for further evaluation. Of these, 496 patients (67.1%) who were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen (positive skin prick test and/or serum-specific immunoglobulin E) and in whom a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was confirmed were included in the study group. 345 (69.6%) of the patients were female, and the median age was 27 (range: 18–69). A total of 306 patients (61.7%) were identified as monosensitized, with house dust mites n=183 (36.9%) and grass pollens n=159 (32.1%) as the most common allergens. The most frequent comorbid atopic disease was asthma (68/496 13.7%), and house dust mites were the most frequent aeroallergen sensitization among patients with asthma, detected in 31 patients (45.6%). In high-altitude Erzurum, featuring a harsh continental climate, house dust mites and grass pollen are the primary aeroallergens. The high rate of monosensitization in our study is noteworthy in terms of developing region-specific environmental control strategies and treatments in the management of allergic rhinitis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rhinitis
• Allergic
• aeroallergens
• skin prick test
• altitude

Kaynakça

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