Examination of the Potential Roles of IL-10 and IL-10 (-1082G/A) Gene Variation in ARDS Complication of COVID-19 Infection ARDS Complication of COVID-19 and IL-10 Gene Variation

Öz

COVID-19 is known as the novel coronavirus disease and complications proceed from COVID-19 infection vary depending on various factors such as age, gender and comorbidities. COVID-19 infection which can affect all age groups may occur as a cause of serious illness and death in some of the confirmed cases, depending on the individual characteristics of the affected populations. Therefore, besides intrinsic factors such as the expression levels of tissue proteins, genetic factors such as genetic variations may also contribute to the pathogenesis of the infection. One of the most common complications in COVID-19 patients is ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). In COVID-19, cytokines such as IL-10 are released in response to viral infection. Cytokine storm that develops during COVID-19 infection causes uncontrolled inflammation. Thus, multiple organ failure can develop and ARDS-related syndromes can be induced. Cytokine storm has been associated with significantly increased IL-10 levels in COVID-19 patients. Changes occur in IL-10 mRNA and protein levels as a result of genetic variations in the promoter regions of the IL-10 gene. It is thought that IL-10 can contribute to the reduction of mortality in COVID-19 infection by preventing pathological proinflammatory function. Determining IL-10 expression levels according to IL-10 (-1082G/A) gene variation genotype distributions defined in the promoter region of IL-10 gene in COVID-19 patients with ARDS very important in terms of better understanding of the pathological mechanisms and developing of therapeutic strategies. In this review, it is aimed to examine the role of IL-10 and IL-10 (-1082G/A) gene variation in ARDS complication of COVID-19 infection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Interleukin
• Genetic Variation

Covid-19 Enfeksiyonunun ARDS komplikasyonunda IL-10 ve IL-10 (-1082G/A) Gen Varyasyonunun Potansiyel Rollerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

COVID-19 yeni koronavirüs hastalığı olarak bilinmektedir ve COVID-19 enfeksiyonundan kaynaklanan komplikasyonlar yaş, cinsiyet ve komorbiditeler gibi çeşitli faktörlere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Tüm yaş gruplarını etkileyebilen COVID-19 enfeksiyonu etkilenen popülasyonların bireysel özelliklerine bağlı olarak doğrulanmış vakaların bir kısmında ciddi rahatsızlık ve ölüm nedeni olarak ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Bu enfeksiyon özellikle yaşlı bireylerde ve hipertansiyon, diabetes mellitus, astım gibi komorbiditelere sahip kişilerde daha şiddetli seyretmektedir. Ancak COVID-19 enfeksiyonunun oldukça genç olan bireylerde de görülebileceği bildirilmiştir. Bu yüzden doku proteinlerinin ekspresyon düzeyleri gibi intrinsik faktörlerin yanısıra, genetik varyasyonlar gibi genetik faktörler de enfeksiyon patogenezine katkıda bulunabilmektedir. COVID-19 hastalarının yarısından fazlasında en sık görülen komplikasyonlardan biri yoğun bakım tedavisi gerektiren ARDS (Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu) dir. COVID-19’da viral enfeksiyona yanıt olarak İnterlökin-10 (IL-10) gibi sitokinler salınmaktadır. COVID-19 enfeksiyonu sırasında gelişen sitokin fırtınası kontrolsüz inflamasyona neden olmaktadır. Böylece çoklu organ yetmezlikle-ri gelişebilmekte ve ARDS ile ilişkili sendromlar indüklenebilmektedir. Sitokin fırtınası COVID-19 hastalarında anlamlı derecede artmış IL-10 düzeyleri ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. ARDS patogenezinde inflamasyon önemli bir belirteçtir. Proinflamatuar ve antiinflamatuar sitokinler arasındaki dengesizlik sonucunda ARDS gelişebilmektedir. IL-10 geninin promotör bölgelerindeki genetik varyasyonlar sonucunda IL-10 mRNA ve protein düzeylerinde değişiklikler ortaya çıkmaktadır. IL-10’un patolojik proinflamatuar işlevi engelleyerek COVID-19 enfeksiyonundaki mortalitenin azalmasına katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir. ARDS gelişen COVID-19 hastalarında IL-10 geninin promotör bölgesinde tanımlanan IL-10 (-1082G/A) gen varyasyonu genotip dağılımlarına göre IL-10 ekspresyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi, ARDS’nin patolojik mekanizmalarının daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve ARDS’ye yönelik terapötik stratejilerin geliştirilebilmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemede COVID-19 enfeksiyonunda gelişen ARDS komplikasyonunda IL-10 ve IL-10 (-1082G/A) gen varyasyonlarının rolünün incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu
• İnterlökin
• Genetik Varyasyon

Kaynakça

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