The Reflections of Sharing Economy in the Transportation Sector: Uber Sample

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 10, 57 - 68, 20.07.2018

Nermin Kişi

Öz

The technological transformation process that
has been taking place all over the world has moved businesses away from
traditional business models, leading to innovative business models. One of
these business models that is becoming increasingly common today is the sharing
economy. The sharing economy is a shopping system based on the supply of a
product or service to another who needs it when it is not used by the owner. On
the one hand, this business model allows to save money on an individual basis,
on the other hand, earns the idle resources to economy. Especially, the number
of companies adopting the sharing economy business model in areas such as
accommodation, transportation, professional services, purchase and sale of
goods and renting is increasing day by day. In this study, primarily the
emergence of sharing economy, development and examples of main practice in the
business world were given. And then this innovative business model was
evaluated in the light of reactions and criticism with the Uber sample, which
has recently echoed the transport sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sharing Economy, Competition, Transportation Sector, Uber

Paylaşım Ekonomisinin Ulaşım Sektörüne Yansımaları: Uber Örneği

Öz

Tüm dünyada
yaşanan teknolojik dönüşüm süreci, işletmeleri geleneksel iş modellerinden
uzaklaştırıp yenilikçi iş modellerine yöneltmiştir. Günümüzde gittikçe
yaygınlaşan bu iş modellerinden biri paylaşım ekonomisidir. Paylaşım ekonomisi,
bir ürün veya hizmetin sahibi tarafından kullanılmadığı zamanlarda, ihtiyacı
olan başka birine sunulması temelli bir alışveriş düzenidir. Bu iş modeli, bir
yandan atıl durumdaki kaynakları ekonomiye kazandırırken, diğer yandan bireysel
anlamda tasarruf yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. Özellikle konaklama, ulaşım,
profesyonel hizmetler, mal alımı-satımı ve kiralanması gibi alanlarda paylaşım
ekonomisi iş modelini benimseyen şirketlerin sayısı her geçen gün artmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada öncelikle paylaşım ekonomisinin ortaya çıkışı, gelişimi ve iş
dünyasından başlıca uygulama örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Ardından bu yenilikçi
iş modeli, son zamanlarda ulaşım sektöründe yankı uyandıran Uber örneğiyle
tepkiler ve eleştiriler ışığında değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Paylaşım Ekonomisi, Rekabet, Ulaşım Sektörü, Uber

Kaynakça

• Acuner, S., & Acuner, E. (2017). Turizmde Paylaşım Ekonomisi ve Vergilendirilmesi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 5 (2), 188-212.
• Bhuiyan, J. (2018). Uber’s retreat from Southeast Asia makes India, the Middle East and Latin America the next battlegrounds. https://www.recode.net/2018/3/26/ 17164388/ubers-southeast-asia-india-middle-east-latin-america-ride-hail-taxi-service-international, (28.06.2018).
• Bocker, L., & Meelen, T. (2017). Sharing for people, planet or profit? Analysing motivationsfor intended sharing economy participation. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 23, 28-39.
• Chang, L. (2017). It’s deja vu as Uber forms a joint venture in Russia, much like it did in China. https://www.digitaltrends.com/cars/uber-merges-with-yandex-russia/, (28.06.2018).
• Conditt, J. (2017). Uber is free to operate in Italy on a long-term basis. https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/26/uber-italy-ban-lifted-rome-court-taxi-drivers-lawsuit/, (28.06.2018).
• Defossez, D. A. L. (2017). The regulation of a project of the deregulation: UBER in Brazil and the European Union. Journal of Law and Regulation, 3 (1), 1-28.
• DHL Trend Research, (2017). Sharing Economy Logistics: Rethinking logistics with access over ownership.http://www.dhl.com/content/dam/downloads/g0/about_us/logistics_insights/DHLTrend_Report_Sharing_Economy.pdf, (01.04.2018).
• Differencebetween.com, (2017). Difference Between Uber and Taxi. https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-uber-and-vstaxi/#Key%20Difference, (10.05.2018).
• Enemchukwu, N. (2018). Uber in Taiwan Resumes Operation. https://www.uberkit.net/blog/uber-in-taiwan-resumes-operation/, (28.06.2018).
• Eriksen, C. (2017). New taxi law could smother Uber in Denmark. http://cphpost.dk/news/new-taxi-law-could-smother-uber-in-denmark.html, (28.06.2018).
• Ertan, H. (2017). Krizi Fırsata Dönüştüren İnovasyon: “Varlık Paylaşım Modeli”. https://www.turcomoney.com/krizi-firsata-donusturen-inovasyon-varlik-paylasim-modeli.html, (15.04.2018).
• Farronato, C., & Ganapati, S., Reddick, C. G. (2018). Prospects and challenges of sharing economy for the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 35, 77-87.
• Gyodi, K. (2017). Uber vs Licensed Taxi Drivers: A War Between Technological Standards. Working Paper DELab UW, No: 2, http://www.delab.uw.edu.pl/wpcontent/uploads/2017/09/WP_2_2017 _K.Gyodi_.pdf, (10.05.2018).
• Habibi, M. R., Davidson, A., & Laroche, M. (2017). What managers should know about the sharing economy. Business Horizons, 60, 113-121.
• Hawkins, A. J. (2017). The ride-sharing app that beat Uber in China is available in English for the first time. https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/8/15579938/didi-chuxing-english-version-app-bilingual-china-uber, (28.06.2018).
• Hou, L. (2018). Destructive sharing economy: A passage from status to contract. Computer Law & Security Review, 1-12. Huang, Z. (2017). Foreigners in China will finally get a ride-hailing app in English again.
• https://ca.finance.yahoo.com/news/foreigners-china-finally-ride-hailing-111723364.html?guccounter=1, (28.06.2018).
• Karar.com, (2018). UBER yasaklandı mı? Yeni düzenlemede neler var?. http://www.karar.com/guncel-haberler/uber-yasaklandi-mi-yeni-duzenlemede-neler-var-869313#, (05.06.2018).
• Kargül, O., (2018). Taksicilerin ulaşım şebekesi tekeli Uber’e isyanı sürüyor. https://www.evrensel.net/haber/347690/taksicilerin-ulasim-sebekesi-tekeli-ubere-isyani-suruyor, (10.05.2018).
• Kim, K., Baek, C., & Lee, J-D. (2018). Creative destruction of the sharing economy in action: The case of Uber. Transportation Research Part A, 110, 118-127.
• Kiracı, H. (2017). Tatlıyı Yemek mi Yoksa Paylaşmak mı Tatlı? Paylaşım ve Ortak Tüketim Davranışı Üzerine Kuramsal Bir İnceleme. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9 (1), 194-220.
• Köker, İ. (2018). Uber bugüne kadar hangi ülkelerde nasıl sıkıntılar yaşadı?. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-43419887, (10.05.2018).
• Kumar, V., Lahiri, A., & Doğan, O. B. (2018). A strategic framework for a profitable business model in the sharing economy. Industrial Marketing Management, 69, 147-160.
• Kurt, S., & Ünlüönen, K. (2017). Paylaşım Ekonomisi Kapsamında Turizm Sisteminin Değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 1-21.
• Lin, H-Y., Wang, M-H., & Wu, M.J. (2017). A study of Airbnb use behavior in the sharing economy. The International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 10 (1), 38-47.
• Lutz, C., & Newlands, G. (2018). Consumer segmentation within the sharing economy: The case of Airbnb. Journal of Business Research, 88, 187-196.
• Mair, J., & Reischauer, G. (2017). Capturing the dynamics of the sharing economy: Institutional research on the plural forms and practices of sharing economy organizations. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 125, 11-20.
• Meyer, D. (2016). Uber Pulls Out of Hungary Thanks to New Regulations. http://fortune.com/2016/07/13/uber-hungary-ban/, (28.06.2018).
• Munoz, P., & Cohen, B. (2017). Mapping out the sharing economy: A configurational approach to sharing business modeling. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 125, 21-37.
• Murat, N. (2016). Paylaşım Ekonomisi. http://www.pazarlamasyon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/pazarlama-trendleri-raporu.pdf, (15.04.2018)
• Ndlovu, N. (2017). Uber vs. Metered Taxis: A Competition Issue or a Regulatory Nightmare. http://www.compcom.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Ndumiso-Ndlovu_Uber-v-Metered-Taxis_Final-Paper-as-amended_.pdf, (10.05.2018).
• O’Nill, R. (2017). Connecting with customers in the sharing economy. Busidate, 25 (1), 3-8.
• Owyang, J, Tran, C., & Silva, C. (2013). The Collaborative Economy: Products, services, and market relationships have changed as sharing startups impact business models. To avoid disruption, companies must adopt the Collaborative Economy Value Chain. Altimeter Group, United States, 1-27.
• Parente, R. C., Geleilate, J-M. G., & Rong, K. (2018). The Sharing Economy Globalization Phenomenon: A Research Agenda. Journal of International Management, 24, 52-64.
• Pullen, J. P. (2017). Uber's Merger With Yandex, Russia's Largest Tech Company, Has Been Approved. http://fortune.com/2017/11/24/uber-merger-yandex-russia-antitrust-approved/, (28.06.2018).
• Ram, A. (2018). Uber faces tough new regulations in London. https://www. ft.com/content/3796d1e0-124c-11e8-8cb6-b9ccc4c4dbbb, (28.06.2018).
• Richardson, L. (2015). Performing the sharing economy. Geoforum, 67, 121-129.
• Shapiro, M. H. (2018). Density of Demand and the Benefit of Uber. http://www.shapiromh.com/uploads/8/6/4/0/8640674/mshapiro_jmp.pdf, (10.05.2018).
• Soydan, B. (2016). Uber Türkiye’de tutar mı? Tutarsa taksileri batırır mı?. http://www.turkishtimedergi.com/dijital-girisim/uber-turkiyede-tutar-mi-tutarsa-taksileri-batirir-mi/, (10.05.2018).
• Staff, R. (2017). Italian court overturns Uber ban. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-uber-idUSKBN18M22E, (28.06.2018). Tepav, (2014). Uber Havalı Ekonomik Sistem: Paylaşım Ekonomisi. http://www.tepav.org.tr/tr/blog/s/4954/Uber+Havali+Ekonomik+Sistem_+___Paylasim+Ekonomisi___+, (10.05.2018).
• Than, K., & Fenyo, K. (2016). Uber to suspend operations in Hungary due to govt legislation. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-hungary-exit/uber-to-suspend-operations-in-hungary-due-to-govt-legislation-idUSKCN0ZT0RS, (28.06.2018).
• Toor, A. (2014). Uber banned in Indian capital after alleged rape of female passenger. https://www.theverge.com/2014/12/8/7352271/uber-banned-in-indian-capital-after-alleged-rape-of-female-passenger, (28.06.2018).
• Turizm Gazetesi, (2018). Uber Kararına Mahkemeden İptal. http://www.turizmgazetesi.com/ news.aspx?id=86164, (28.06.2018). Ubak, (2018). Karayolu Taşıma Yönetmeliği. http://www.kugm.gov.tr/BLSM_WIYS/KUGM/tr/ Belgelik/guncel_haber/20180530_110120_2769_1_64.docx, (28.06.2018).
• Uber, (2018a). Company Information. https://www.uber.com/newsroom/history/, (10.05.2018).
• Uber, (2018b). Uber Cities. https://uberestimator.com/cities, (10.05.2018).
• Ulaştırma Dünyası, (2018). UKOME’den Korsana Karşı Tartışmalı Karar. Yıl: 17, Sayı: 880.
• Wallenstein, J., & Shelat, U. (2017). What’s Next for the Sharing Economy?. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2017/strategy-technology-digital-whats-next-for-sharing-economy.aspx, (15.04.2018).
• Wallsten, S. (2015). The Competitive Effects of the Sharing Economy: How is Uber Changing Taxis?. Technology Policy Institute New York, Washington, D.C.
• Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., & Neittaanmaki, P. (2016). Co-evolution of three mega-trends nurtures un-captured GDP e Uber’s ride-sharing revolution. Technology in Society, 46, 164-185.
• Winick, E. (2018). London’s Uber ban has been lifted. https://www.technologyreview. com/the-download/611547/londons-uber-ban-has-been-lifted/, (28.06.2018).
• Yaraghi, N., & Ravi, S. (2017). The Current and Future State of the Sharing Economy. Brookings India IMPACT Series, No: 032017, March 2017, 1-35.
• Yetim, S. (2015). Uber, Hukuki Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri. Uyuşmazlık Mahkemesi Dergisi, 6, 621-666.
• Zampano, G., & Hirst, N. (2017). Uber wins appeal against ban in Italy. https://www.politico.eu/article/uber-wins-appeal-against-ban-in-italy/, (28.06.2018).