Determination of Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone and Deoxynivalenol in Feedstuffs and Aflatoxin M1 in Bulk-Tank Milk at Dairy Cattle Farms

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 3, 179 - 183, 27.12.2018

Recep Kara Cangir Uyarlar

Öz

Mycotoxin
contamination causes serious economical and toxicological problems in animal
products. Dairy cattle breeding industry is one of the most suffering animal
breeding industry by this hazard. Generally the toxication develops chronically
and it does not show any clinical sign on animals. Therefore it is very
difficult to identify the mycotoxin contamination in the farm site. This study
aims to determine levels of aflatoxin B1 (AF B1), total aflatoxin (B1+B2+G1+G2),
zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in feedstuffs and the level of aflatoxin M1 with
Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) in milk at dairy cattle companies.
For this purpose, feedstuffs (corn silage, dry clover and concentrated feed)
and milk (bulk tank) samples were taken from 50 different dairy cattle breeding
companies in the Aegean Region.  As a
result, levels of AF B1, total AF (B1+B2+G1+G2), zearalenone and deoxynivalenol
levels were determined respectively between 0.05-36.09, 0.06-44.01, 5-675 and
3-909 ppb in corn silage samples;  0.14-22.53, 0.16-27.66, 2-796 and
3-692 ppb in dry clover samples; 0.12-16.90, 0.15-18.57, 4-639 and 1-877 ppb in
concentrate feed mix samples. The level of AF M1 was found between 0.001-0.054
ppb in milk samples.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dairy Cow, Aflatoxin M1, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, Aflatoxin B1

Süt Sığırı İşletmelerinde Yemlerde Aflatoksin-B1, Zearalenone ve Deoxynivalenol ile Tank Sütlerinde Aflatoksin M1 Varlığının Araştırılması

Öz

Mikotoksin kontaminasyonları; hayvansal ürünlerde ekonomik ve toksikolojik açıdan ciddi düzeyde problemlere neden olmaktadır. Süt sığırı yetiştiriciliği de bu zarardan etkilenen başlıca hayvancılık kolları arasında gelmektedir. Genellikle toksikasyon, kronik olarak gelişmekte ve hayvanlarda klinik olarak belirti göstermemektedir. Bu nedenle mikotoksin kontaminasyonunu çiftlik ortamında tespit etmek oldukça zordur. Bu çalışmada, süt sığırı işletmelerinde yemlerde aflatoksin B1 (AFB1), toplam aflatoksin (B1+B2+G1+G2) zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol ile tank sütlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) seviyelerinin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) yöntemi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; Ege Bölgesi’nde 50 farklı süt sığırı işletmesinden yem (mısır silajı, kuru yonca ve konsantre yem) ve tank sütü örnekleri alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak AFB1, toplam AF (B1+B2+G1+G2), zearalenon ve deoksinivalenol seviyeleri sırasıyla mısır silajı örneklerinde 0.05-36.09, 0.06-44.01, 5-765 ve 3-909 ppb; kuru yonca örneklerinde 0.14-22.53, 0.16-27.66, 2-557 ve 3-692 ppb; konsantre yem örneklerinde 0.12-15.32, 0.15-18.57, 4-639 ve 1-632 ppb seviyeleri arasında tespit edilmiştir. Tank sütü örneklerinde ise AFM1 seviyesi 0.001-0.054 ppb seviyeleri arasında bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Süt İneği, Aflatoksin M1, Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, Aflatoxin B1

Kaynakça

• Anonim (2006). Commission Recommendation, 17 August 2006, on the presence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 and fumonisins in products intended for animal feding. Official Journal of the European Union.
• Anonim (2011). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği, Sayı : 28157, 29.Aralık.2011.
• Beardall LJ, Miller JD (1994). Natural occurrence ofmycotoxins other than aflatoxin in Africa, Asia and South America. Mycotoxin Res, 10: 21–40.
• Coulumbe RA (1993). Symposium: biological action of mycotoxins. J. Dairy Sci. 76:880-891.
• Dalcero A, Magnoli C, Chiacchiera S, Palacios G, Reynoso M (1997). Mycoflora and incidence of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in poultry feeds in Argentina, Mycopathologia 137: 179–184.
• Ek K, Ka L (2009). Aflatoxin B1 and M1 contamination of animal feeds and milk from urban centers in Kenya. African Health Sciences, 9:4, 218-226.
• Frisvad JD, Samson RA (1992). Filamentous fungi in foods and feeds: ecology, spoilage and mycotoxin production. In Arola DK, Mukerji KO, Marth EH, eds. Handbook Applied Mycology, Foods and Feeds, Vol. 3. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 31–68.
• Hussein HS, Brasel JM (2001). Toxicity, metabolism, and impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Toxicology, 167, 101-134.
• Oruç HH, (2003). Süt ve süt ürünlerinde aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 1-2-3, 121-125.
• Peraica M, Domijan AM, Jurjević Ž, Cvjetković B (2002). Prevention of Exposure to Mycotoxins from food and feed. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 53:229-237.
• Polat F, Aksu T (2015). Determination of Aflatoxin Levels of Feeds Used in Dairy Cow Farms and Their Effects on Blood Parameters and Milk Aflatoxin Levels in Hatay Province. Atatürk Üniversitesi Vet. Bil. Derg. 10(3): 146-155.
• Rubio R, Licon CC, Berruga M (2011). Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in the Manchego cheese supply chain. Journal of Dairy Science 94 (6), 2775-2778.
• Scott PM (1990). The natural occurrence of trichothecenes. In: Beasley VR, ed. Trichothecene mycotoxicoses: Pathophysiologic effects. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1–26.
• Sefidgar SAA, Mirzae M, Assmar M (2011). Aflatoxin M1 in Pasteurized Milk in Babol city, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health 40 (1),115-118.
• Sharma RP, Kim YW (1991). Trichothecenes. In: Sharma R, Salunkle D (eds). Mycotoxins and Phytoalexins. CRC Press. Inc. 339–359.
• Smith JE, Henderson RS (1991). Mycotoxins and animal foods. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press Inc., 1991.
• Strosnider H, Aziz-Baumgartner E, Banziger M, Bhat R.V, Breiman R, Brune MN (2006). Work group Report: Public Health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in Developing countries. Environmental Health Perspectice, 114: 1898-1903.
• Türköz Bakırcı G (2014). Tahıl ve Tahıl Ürünlerinin Aflatoksin, Okratoksin A, Zearalenon, Fumonisin ve Deoksinivalenol Mikotoksinleri Yönünden İncelenmesi. Akademik Gıda 12(2), 46-56.
• Zain ME (2011). Impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15, 129-144.