Avrupa Tavşanlarının Maxillalarında Geometrik Morfometri Teknikleri Kullanılarak Eşeysel Dimorfizmin Araştırılması

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 41 - 44, 25.03.2019

Arzu Önel Akin Temizer

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Elazığ ve Malatya illerinden elde edilen 40 adet (20 dişi, 20 erkek) Avrupa tavşanı kullanıldı. Örnekler maxilla’ların ventral’ine 23’er adet landmark konularak değerlendirildi. Thin Plate Spline (TPS) programı ile konulan landmarklar Morpheus programı ile standardize edildi. Verilere pairwise testi, principle component analizi (PCA) ve discriminant Fonksiyon Analizleri DFA) uygulandı.  Geometrik morfometri teknikleri kullanılarak yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonuçları Avrupa tavşanı (Lepus europaeus) örneklerinde eşeysel dimorfizm olmadığını göstermiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lepus europaeus, Avrupa tavşanı, Eşeysel dimorfizm, Geometrik morfometri teknikleri, Maxilla

Sexual Dimorphism of the Maxillae in European Hare Using Geometric Morphometric Approach

Öz

In this study, 40 European hares (20 male and 20 female) that were obtained from the provinces of Elazığ and Malatya in Turkey, were used. The samples were evaluated by placing 23 landmarks on the ventral of the maxilla. After the landmarks were placedonto the pictures, which were developed by means of Thin Plate Spline (TPS) program, the landmarks were standardized by using Morpheus program. Pairwise test, principle component analysis (PCA) andDiscriminant Function Analysis (DFA) were applied to the data. The result of the statistical analysis with geometric morphometric techniques showed no sexual dimorphism (SD)in Europanhares (Lepus europaeus).

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lepus europaeus, European hare, Sexual dimorphism, Geometric morphometric techniques, Maxilla

Kaynakça

• Alves CA, Ferrand N, Hacklönder K (2008). Lagomorph Biology (Evolotion, Ecology and Conservation). Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Austria.
• Bigoni L, Veleminska J, & Bruzek J. (2010). Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial sexual dimorphism in a Central European sample of known sex. HOMO-Journal of Comparative Human Biology, 61(1), 16-32.
• Bookstein FL (1989). Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations, IEEE Transactions on Pattern analysis and Machine Intelligence, 11(6), 567-585.
• Bookstein FL (1991). Morphometric tools for landmark data: geometry and biology. First edition, Cambridge University Press, New York.
• Bookstein FL (1996). Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Medical Image Analises, 1(3), 225-243.
• Cardini A and Tongiorgi P (2003).Yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) 'in the shape space' (Rodentia, Sciuridae): sexual dimorphism, growth and allometry of the mandible. Zoomorphology, 11-23.
• Carleton MD, Musser GM (2005). Order Rodentia, Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference, 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2, 745 752.
• Chapman JA, Flux JEC. (2008). Lagomorpha Biology: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
• Corti M, Aguilera M and Capanna E (2001). Size and shape changes in the skull accompanying speciation of South American spiny rats (Rodentia: Proechimys spp.). J. Zool., Land, 253, 537-547.
• Demirbaş Y, Aşan N, Albayrak İ. 2010. Cytogenetic study on the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778) (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) in Turkey. Turk. J. Biol. 34: 247-252.
• Demirsoy A (1995). Yaşamın Temel Kuralları, Omurgalılar/ Amniyota (Sürüngenler, Kuşlar ve Memeliler). Cilt III/ Kısım II, İkinci Baskı, Meteksan A.Ş., Ankara.
• Demirsoy A (1996). Türkiye Omurgalıları: Memeliler, Türkiye Omurgalı Faunasının Sistematik ve Biyolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması ve Koruma Önlemlerinin Alınması. Meteksan A.Ş, Ankara.
• Elbroch M (2006). Animal Skulls, A Guide To North American Species. First Edition, Stackpole Books, China.
• Frylestam B (1980).Growth and body weight of European hares in southern sweden. Ecography, 3(2), 81-86.
• Gonzalez PN, Bernal V, Perez SI. (2011). Analysis of sexual dimorphism of craniofacial traits using geometric morphometric techniques. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 21(1), 82-91.
• Herrel, A, Petrochic S, & Draud M. (2018). Sexual dimorphism, bite force and diet in the diamondback terrapin. Journal of Zoology, 304(3), 217-224.
• Huş S (1963). Av Hayvanları Bilgisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No:1036, Kurtulmuş Matbaası, İstanbul.
• Jojic V, Porobic J, & Cirovic D. (2017). Cranial variability of the Serbian red fox. Zoologischer Anzeiger-A Journal of Comparative Zoology, 267, 41-48.
• LaPoint S, Keicher L, Wikelski M, Zub K, & Dechmann DK. (2017). Growth overshoot and seasonal size changes in the skulls of two weasel species. Royal Society Open Science, 4(1), 160947.
• McPherson FJ, Chenoweth PJ. (2012). Mammalian sexual dimorphism. Animal Reproduction Science, 131(3-4), 109-122.
• Mursaloğlu B (1965). Bilimsel Araştırmalar İçin Omurgalı Numunelerinin Toplanması ve Hazırlanması. Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi, Ankara.
• Pretorius E, Steyn M and Scholtz Y (2004). Investigation into the usability of geometric morphometric analysis in assessment of sexual dimorphism, Physical Anthropology, 129 (1), 64-70.
• Rohlf FJ (1999). Shape statistics: Procrustes superimpositions and tangent spaces. Journal of Classification, 16(2), 197–223.
• Rohlf FJ (2002). Geometric morphometrics and phylogeny. In Morphology, Shape and Phylogeny, 175-193.
• Rohlf FJ (2005). TpsRELW. Version 1.42, Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York.
• Sanger TJ, Sherratt E, McGlothlin JW, Brodie III ED, Losos JB, Abzhanov A. (2013). Convergent evolution of sexual dimorphism in skull shape using distinct developmental strategies. Evolution, 67(8), 2180-2193.
• Segovia, S., Garcia-Falgueras, A., Carrillo, B., Collado, P., Pinos, H., Perez-Laso, C., ... & Guillamon, A. (2006). Sexual dimorphism in the vomeronasal system of the rabbit. Brain research, 1102(1), 52-62.
• Slice D (2001). Landmarks aligned by Procrustes analysis do not lie in Kendall’s shape space. Syst. Biol, 50: 141–149.
• Sobocinska-Janeszek J (1976). Sex dimorphism in certain bone elements of the European hare. Acta Theriologica, 21(1-11), 3-17.
• Su J, Hegab IM, Ji W, & Nan Z. (2018). Function‐related Drivers of Skull Morphometric Variation and Sexual Size Dimorphism in a Subterranean Rodent, Plateau Zokor (Eospalax baileyi). Ecology and Evolution, 8(9), 4631-4643.
• Taşbaş M ve Tecirlioğlu S (1965). Meserasyon Tekniği Üzerine Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(4): 324-330.
• Vallejo R.M, Guerrero JA, and Gonzalez-Cozatl FX. (2017). Patterns of Differentiation and Disparity in Cranial Morphology in Rodent Species of the genus Megadontomys (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Zoological Studies, 56(14).