HAVACILIKTA DİJİTALLEŞME VE VERİMLİLİK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR İÇERİK ANALİZİ

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, havacılıkta dijitalleşme ve verimlilik ilişkisini ele alan akademik çalışmaların analizi ile Endüstri 4.0 ve elementlerinin havacılıkta verimlilik üzerine katkısını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntem: Dijital dönüşüm sürecinin çok yeni olması, uygulamadaki kısıtlı imkânlar ve sektörde bu etkiyi doğrudan araştırmak için yeterli veri olmadığı düşünüldüğü için akademik araştırmalar üzerinden bir içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarında ‘Havacılık, Dijital ve Verimlilik’ kelimeleri üzerinden yapılan aramada listelenen sonuçlar içerisinde anahtar kelimelerin eş-birlikteliğine dayalı eşleşmeyi görselleştirmek için VOSViewer yazılımı kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Alfabetik sıra ile ‘Dijital İkiz, Nesnelerin İnterneti, Teknoloji, Yapay Zekâ, Yenilik’ anahtar kelimeleri sonuçlarda öne çıkmaktadır. İlgili çalışmalar teknolojik, çevresel ve yönetimsel ana başlıklarında sınıflandırılmıştır. Teknoloji kümesini oluşturan çalışmalar ‘aerodinamik, havaaracı, motor, kalite, yenilikçi’ gibi kelimeleri içermektedir. Çevresel kümeyi oluşturan çalışmalar “yakıt, emisyon, enerji gibi kelimeleri” içerirken yönetimsel kümeyi oluşturan çalışmalar ‘Çevresel’ ve rekabet, havalimanı, havayolu, kalkınma gibi kelimeleri içermektedir. Tüm çalışmaların odağındaki “dijital ikiz” kavramı üzerinden değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve kavramın yönetim ve pazarlama açısından yaklaşımlarına dikkat çekilmiştir.

Özgünlük: Çalışma bu alanda yapılan ilk ve tek içerik analizi olması sebebiyle özgün bir çalışma iken elde edilen sonuçların da araştırmacılar ve profesyonellere yol gösterici olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Havacılık
• Dijital
• Dijital İkiz
• Verimlilik
• Hizmet Pazarlaması

A CONTENT ANALYSIS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITALIZATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AVIATION

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to demonstrate the contribution of Industry 4.0 and its elements on efficiency in aviation by analysing academic studies on the relationship between digitalization and productivity in aviation.

Methodology: Since the digital transformation process is very new and the limited opportunities in practice, and the lack of data to directly investigate this effect in the sector, a content analysis has been made through academic research. VOSViewer software was used to visualize the matches based on the co-occurrence of keywords among the results listed in the search made on the words ‘Aviation, Digital and Productivity’in Web of Science and Scopus databases.

Findings: The keywords ‘Digital Twin, Internet of Things, Technology, Artificial Intelligence, Innovation’ stand out in alphabetical order. Related studies are classified under the main headings of technological, environmental, and managerial. The studies that make up the technology cluster include words such as ‘aerodynamics, aircraft, engine, quality, innovative.’ While the studies that make up the environmental cluster include “words such as fuel, emissions, energy, etc.”, the studies that make up the administrative cluster include ‘Environmental’ and competition, airport, airline, development, etc. contains words. In the focus of all these studies, the concept of “digital twin” stands out. In the study, evaluations were made in this sense, and attention was drawn to the approaches of the ‘digital twin’ concept in terms of management and marketing.

Originality: The study is the first and only content analysis in this field. the results obtained may also be a guide for researchers and professionals.

Keywords

• Aviation
• Digital
• Digital twin
• Productivity
• Service Marketing

Kaynakça

1. Abdallah, F. ve Elhoss, W. (2019). “The Impact of Management by Objectives (MBO) on Organizational Outcome in a Digital World: A Case Study in the Aviation Industry”, International Conference on Digital Economy, 15-28.
2. Airport Industry Review (2019). “The Digital Twin: Creating Virtual Airport Tours with Ocean 3”, https://airport.nridigital.com/air_aug19/the_digital_twins_creating_virtual_airport_tours_with_ocean3d, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2021).
3. Alam, M.A. (2016). “Techno-Stress and Productivity: Survey Evidence from the Aviation Industry”, Journal of Air Transport Management, 50, 62-70.
4. Alexander M, Gubbels A., Gowanlock D, Dones F, Rossi G. ve Spano M. (2020). “A Systems Engineering Approach for Enabling Research and Development in the Vertical Lift Autonomy Flight Sciences Domain”, Vertical Flight Society's 76th Annual Forum and Technology Display.
5. Atalık, Ö., Akan, A.G.Ş. ve Bakır, A.G.M, (2019). “Havacılık 4.0: Havayolu ve Havaalanı Endüstrisinde Güncel Endüstri 4.0 Uygulamaları”, Scientific Committee, 879.
6. Augustine, P. (2020). “The Industry Use Cases for the Digital Twin Idea, In Advances in Computers” Advances in Computers, 117(1), 79-105.
7. Barricelli, B.R., Casiraghi, E. ve Fogli, D. (2019). “A Survey on Digital Twin: Definitions, Characteristics, Applications, and Design Implications, IEEE Access, 7, 167653-167671.
8. Barricelli, B.R., Casiraghi, E., Gliozzo, J., Petrini, A. ve Valtolina, S. (2020). “Human Digital Twin for Fitness Management”, IEEE Access, 8, 26637-26664.

9. Bauman J. (2019). “Digital Twin Helps Airport Optimize Operations”, https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/airport.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2021). Budd, T., Intini, M. ve Volta, N. (2020). “Environmentally Sustainable Air Transport: A Focus on Airline Productivity”, Sustainable Aviation, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
10. Cam, A.C. ve Durmaz, V. (2018). “Dijital Havacilik: Güncel Uygulamalarla Gelecekteki Yolcu Deneyimleri”, Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(26), 251-266.
11. Chang, S., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Tang, J. ve Jiang, X. (2019). “Enabling Technologies and Platforms to Aid Digitalization of Commercial Aviation Support, Maintenance and Health Management”, 2019 International Conference on Quality, Reliability, Risk, Maintenance, and Safety Engineering (QR2MSE), 926-932.
12. Chhaya, B N., Jafer, S. ve Durak, U. (2019). “Scenario-Based Development of DSL Models using Domain-Specific Scenario (DoSS) Framework”, AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, 1711.
13. Defraeye, T., Shrivastava, C., Berry, T., Verboven, P., Onwude, D., Schudel, S. ve Rossi, R.M. (2021). “Digital Twins are Coming: Will We Need Them in Supply Chains of Fresh Horticultural Produce?”, Trends in Food Science & Technology, 109, 245-258.
14. Devaev, V.M. ve Makhanko, A. A. (2018). “Development of the Remotely Piloted Agricultural Aircraft (RPAA) Control System on the Basis of the Airplane MV-500”, Computer Research and Modeling, 10(3), 315-323.
15. Ferrell, U.D. (2018). “Mindful Application of Standards for Avionics-An Intentional, Systematic, and Measurable Transformation”, 2018 IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC), 1-8. IEEE.
16. Glaessgen, E. ve Stargel, D. (2012). “The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and US Air Force Vehicles”, 53rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference 20th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference, 14th AIAA, 1818.
17. Gökalp, E., Gökalp, M.O., Çoban, S. ve Eren, P.E. (2019). “Dijital Dönüşümün Etkisinde Verimli İstihdam Yönetimi: Yol Haritası Önerisi”, Verimlilik Dergisi, 3, 201-222.
18. Gormley, K.J., Kirkman, D.A., Giles, S. ve Narkus-Kramer, M.P. (2011). “Operational Preferences for ATC Data Link Equipped Aircraft: Severe Weather Reroutes”, 2011 IEEE/AIAA 30th Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 1B2-1-1B2-8, DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2011.6095963.
19. Gülseren, A. ve Sağbaş, A. (2019). “Endüstri 4.0 Perspektifinde Sanayide Dijital Dönüşüm ve Dijital Olgunluk Seviyesinin Değerlendirilmesi”, European Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 1-5.
20. Gürdin, B. (2020). “Yeşil Pazarlamanın Bilimsel Haritaların Görselleştirilmesi Tekniğiyle Bibliyometrik Analizi”, Econder International Academic Journal, 4(1), 203-231.
21. Guyon, I., Amine, R., Tamayo, S. ve Fontane, F. (2019). “Analysis of the Opportunities of Industry 4.0 in the Aeronautical Sector”, 10th International Multi-Conference on Complexity, Informatics and Cybernetics: IMCIC 2019, Mart 2019, Orlando, United States.
22. Hannover Messe (2017). “The Better Passenger”, https://www.hannovermesse.de/en/news/news-articles/the-better-passenger, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2021).
23. Ibrion, M., Paltrinieri, N. ve Nejad, A.R. (2019). “On Risk of Digital Twin Implementation in Marine Industry: Learning from Aviation Industry”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1357, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1357/1/012009.
24. Kinard, D.A. (2018). “F-35 Digital Thread and Advanced Manufacturing, The F-35 Lightning II: From Concept to Cockpit”, 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference, Haziran 25-29, Atlanta, Georgia.
25. Klein, M. (2020a). “İşletmelerde Dijital Dönüşüm ve Etmenleri”, Journal of Business in the Digital Age, 3(1), 24-35.
26. Klein, M. (2020b). “İşletmelerin Dijital Dönüşüm Senaryoları-Kavramsal Bir Model Önerisi”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(74), 997-1019.
27. Lakshman D. ve Byali R.S. (2016). “Just-In-Time (JIT) Approach in Satellite Supply Chain Process”, Journal of Spacecraft Technology, 27(1), 39-54.
28. Lappas, V., Kostopoulos, V., Tsourdos, A. ve Kindylides, S. (2019). “Lunar in-situ Thermal Regolith Storage and Power Generation Using Thermoelectric Generators”, AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, 1375.
29. Li, D., Yang, X. ve Xu, X. (2020). “A Framework of Smart Railway Passenger Station Based on Digital Twin”, CICTP 2020, 2623-2634.
30. Lim, K.Y.H., Zheng, P. ve Chen, C.H. (2020). “A State-of-the-Art Survey of Digital Twin: Techniques, Engineering Product Lifecycle Management and Business Innovation Perspectives”, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 31, 1313-1337.
31. Liu, X., Zhou, D., Zhou, P. ve Wang, Q. (2017). “What Drives CO2 Emissions from China’s Civil Aviation? An Exploration Using a New Generalized PDA Method”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 99, 30-45.
32. Maurya, C.M., Karmakar, S. ve Das, A.K. (2019). “Digital Human Modeling (DHM) for Improving Work Environment for Specially-Abled and Elderly”, SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), 1-9.
33. Nicchiotti, G. (2014). “Health Monitoring Requirements Elicitation Via House Of Quality”, 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1-15, DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2014.6836401.
34. Pan, W.M., Li, G.H. ve Li, M.H. (2016). “Research on Computer Integrated Manufacturing of Sheet Metal Parts for Lithium Battery”, ITM Web of Conferences, 7, 09009.
35. Panzone, C., Philippe, R., Chappaz, A., Fongarland, P. ve Bengaouer, A. (2020). “Power-to-Liquid Catalytic CO2 Valorization into Fuels and Chemicals: Focus on the Fischer-Tropsch Route”, Journal of CO2 Utilization, 38, 314-347.
36. Parmar, R., Leiponen, A. ve Thomas, L.D. (2020). “Building an Organizational Digital Twin”, Business Horizons, 63(6), 725-736.
37. Perz, R. ve Wronowski, K. (2019). “UAV Application for Precision Agriculture”, Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 91(2), 257-263.
38. Pires, F., Cachada, A., Barbosa, J., Moreira, A.P. ve Leitão, P. (2019). “Digital Twin in Industry 4.0: Technologies, Applications and Challenges”, 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), 1, 721-726.
39. Sciortino, G.P. ve Bergamini, E. (2015). “Measuring the Socioeconomic Impacts of Italy's Space Sector Activities: ASI's Web Panel and Its Yearly Indexes for Monitoring the Drive toward the Market and the Ground Users-the Cases of Aeronautics and Software Production”, New Space, 3(3), 191-203.
40. Shunmugasundaram, M., Baig Maughal, A.A. ve Kumar, M.A. (2020). “A Review of Bio-Degradable Materials for Fused Deposition Modeling Machine”, Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 1596-1600.
41. Tao, F., Sui, F., Liu, A., Qi, Q., Zhang, M., Song, B. ve Nee, A.Y. (2019). “Digital Twin-Driven Product Design Framework”, International Journal of Production Research, 57(12), 3935-3953.
42. Türkay, U. İ. ve Artar, O. (2021). “Havacılık Sektöründe Havalimanlarının Dijital Dönüşümü”, Working Paper Series, 2 (1), 86-97.
43. Ubudu (2020). “Leveraging the Digital Twin to Reduce Flight Delays by Optimising Airside Operations”, https://www.ubudu.com/leveraging-the-digital-twin-to-reduce-flight-delays-by-optimising-airside-operations/, (Erişim Tarihi: 23.07.2021).
44. Van Seeters, P., Crossley, W. ve Ko, A. (2011). “Revisiting the Boeing B-47 and AVRO Vulcan Configuration Comparison with Observations Relevant to New Aircraft Concepts-Part 2”, 11th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference, Including the AIAA Balloon Systems Conference and 19th AIAA Lighter-Than, 6934.
45. Vijayakumar, D.S. (2020). “Digital Twin in Consumer Choice Modeling”, Advances in Computers, 117(1), 265-284.
46. Wong, E.Y., Mo, D.Y. ve So, S. (2020). “Closed-Loop Digital Twin System for Air Cargo Load Planning Operations”, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 34(7-8), 801-813.
47. Xu, L.D. ve Duan, L. (2019). “Big Data for Cyber Physical Systems In Industry 4.0: A Survey”, Enterprise Information Systems, 13(2), 148-169.
48. Yıldırım, Y. (2019). “Endüstri 4.0’a Kapsamlı Bir Bakış: 2011’den Bugüne”, Bilgi Dünyası, 20(2), 217-249. Yılmaz, Y. (2021). “Dijital Ekonomiye Geçiş Süreci, Ölçümü ve Dijitalleşme Verimlilik İlişkisi”, İstanbul İktisat Dergisi, 71(1), 283-316.
49. Yükçü, S. ve Atağan, G. (2009). “Etkinlik, Etkililik ve Verimlilik Kavramlarının Yarattığı Karışıklık”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(4), 1-13.